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1757932
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 00822 4138
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012
http://archive.org/details/storyofoneregimeOOmain
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THE
n
STORY OF ONE REGIMENT
THE ELEVENTH . MAINE
INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS IN
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION
COMPILED BY
I Committee of tbe tfteaimentarBssaezaticm
NEW YORK
1896 •
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Maine infantry. jrj/fc rcr/^ 1861-4866.
The story of one regiment; the Eleventh Maine in-
fantry volunteers in the war of the rebellion. Qbmp. by
a commmee of the regimental association. New York
[Press of J. J. Little & eo.j 1896.
xv, 435, Ixx p. front, (port.) 23cm.
I
BHKkrCAWl
1. U. S. — Mist. — Civil war — Regimental histories — Me. inf. — 11th.
i. Title.
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COLONEL AND BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL J. A, HILL
(The only original officer mustered out with the regiment.)
PREFACE.
Comrades :
The desirability of taking steps to the end that a history of the
Eleventh Maine Regiment of Infantry Volunteers be compiled
was a subject of conversation for many years among the regi-
ment's surviving members. All agreed that such a compilation
should be made, in order that the exact story of the part their
regiment took in the suppression of the great rebellion should
be made known. But it was not until 1891, at the reunion held
at Camp Benson, that action was taken. On that occasion, at the
business meeting, after an exchange of views on the subject, it
was voted that the acting president of the Regimental Association
appoint a committee of five to gather material for such a regi-
mental history as it should be found desirable to publish.
Comrade and Sergeant-Major Elias P. Morton, the president of
the Association the year of this reunion, thereupon appointed, as
the members of the Historical Committee, Brevet Brigadier- Gen-
eral and Colonel J. A. Hill, Captain Albert Maxfield, Captain
and Quartermaster William II. H. Andrews, First Lieutenant
Robert Brady, Jr., and Sergeant John A. Braekett. Captain
Andrews died during the year, and at tlie next annual reunion,
held in Portland, the Committee, as empowered, elected Sergeant-
Major Elias P. Morton to fill the vacancy. The Committee has
remained as thus constituted.
At its first meeting, held at Camp Benson, General Hill was
elected chairman, and it was determined that the history should
contain the story of the share of the regiment in the suppression
of the rebellion and a statistical record of the military history of
all who had served in it, to which should be added, so far as
practicable, a record, of their movements after they were mus-
tered out. Captain Maxfield was appointed by the chairman
to gather material for the Statistical Record, and Lieutenant
Brady to gather material for the Story of the Regiment. These
comrades set to work without delays and at each subsequent
annual reunion submitted to the Committee for advice and
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3 V PREFACE.
revision such material as they had gathered and pat in form dur-
ing the year preceding. .
Captain Maxfield desires to express his appreciation of the
kindness of comrades and others who have aided him in the wide
research he has been obliged to make to obtain a knowledge of
the fate of a large percentage of those who have died during
the thirty years that have passed since the last one returned to
civil life, Many comrades have settled in far-away States, and
have wandered into far lands ; and often, as the blanks in the
record will show, out of the ken of the most searching inquiry.
Bui, through the efforts of our comrades, and of relatives and
friends of temporarily missing comrades, and from researches
made through the courtesy of Grand Army Posts, in the War
Department, and in the Office of the Adjutant-General of the
State of Maine — the archives of which office have been at our dis-
posal, Captain Thomas Clark, of our regiment, an attache of that
office, having been empowered to furnish Comrade Maxfield with
all possible data ; through all this assistance, and by following
every clue that came into his hands, Comrade Maxfteld enables us
to present to you a very complete record of what has become of
the two thousand men who first and last were ranged under the
beloved banner of our old regiment,
Lieutenant Brady compiled the historical sketch. — ;from many
sources, also ; from his own recollections and those of many com-
rades, especially from the diaries of particular comrades, to whom
due credit will be found given for quotations made from, their
diaries. But much information was gathered from these diaries
and used, for which credit is not given, such as the day and the
hour of the occurrence of many dimly remembered events, the
state of the weather from day to day, t lie condition of the roads
we marched on, the length of the march, the condition of the
men, and so on"; and running along together without difference,
as they do, they are indisputable evidence of what actually took
place from day to day. Comrade Brady filled in the recollections
and the tale. of the diaries with material gathered from military
reports and histories, Union and Confederate — McCiellan's
reports, Beauregard's "Military Operations," Taylor's -'Destruc-
tion and Reconstruction, :J the reports of the Army of Northern
Virginia., the history of the Second Army Corps, that of the
Forty-eighth Xew York, Chaplain Trumbull's " Knightly Sol-
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\
PREFACE. v
dler " (a yirt.ua! history oT the Tenth Connecticut until Major
Camp was killed)--from the history of the Peninsula campaign by
General Alexander S. Webb, LL. D., and that of the operations
of the armies of the Potomac and the James in 1864: and 1865 by
General A. A. Humphreys. To these must be added a reading
of the operations of the navy on the Atlantic coast by Admiral
Am men, and the stories of many desultory writers on events in
which we participated, ending with a careful scrutiny of news-
paper files of the years of the war.
The other members of the Committee — Comrades Morton,
Braekett, and myself— have faithfully aided Comrades Maxfieldand
Brady in their work, assisting them in gathering statistics and
incidents, and in shaping the story. It is a pleasure to the chair-
man of the Historical Committee to state that, in all the years the
members of the Committee have acted together, they have done
so without misunderstanding or difference, no word having been
uttered or written that has needed to be withdrawn, He thanks
the members for the unanimity that has made his chairmanship
a pleasure. lie also thanks the comrades, not on the Committee,
who on their part have waited with a unanimity of perfect pa-
tience for the completion of the Committee's long and somewhat
arduous task. Congratulating all concerned on the happy ending
of this task, he has the pleasure of presenting to his. old comrades
in arms a completed history of the Eleventh Maine.
J. A. HILL,
Chairman of Hie Historical Committee.
.:. . •'-
Vj ^ v/t
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON.
Organization of the Regiment — Breaking Gamp— On Our Way to
Washington — Camp Knox 1
CHAPTER II.
WASHINGTON'.
Meridian Hill— Schooiof the Soldier — Calling the Hours— •"Cor-
poral of the Guard" — " Battle of the Sand Pits "—Brigade
Formation— Carver Barracks — Colonel Davis- -Barrack Life —
Disease and Death— " On to Richmond "—A False Start . .11
CHAPTER III. ;
BEFORE YORKTOWN,
Planning the Campaign — The Embarkation — On Board the Consti-
tution— The First Hostile Shot — Newport News — Young's Mills
— Engagement at Lee's Mills — Siege Operations— Evacuation of
Yorktowii .19
CHAPTER IV.
TO THE CHICKAnOMINY.
The Pursuit of the Confederate Army — Battle of Williamsburg — A
Terrible Night — Going o\fic the Battlefield— Colonel Plaisted
— The Ciiickahominy at Last — General Naglce's Reconnoissance
to the James — Crossing the Ciiickahominy — Established at Fair
Oaks 28
CHAPTER V.
THE RATTLE OF FAIR OAKS.
The Situation of the Divisions of tlie Army of the Potomac — The
Rising of the Chickahominy — The First Day of the Battle — The
Pickets — The Second Day of the Battle— Colonel Plaisted's
Report — List of Casualties ........ 3"
VJ ^ V/f
i • CONTENTS.
\
CHAPTER I.
|
FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON.
PACE
Organization of the Regiment — Breaking Camp — On Our Way to
Washington — Camp Knox ........ 1
CHAPTER II.
WASHINGTON.
Meridian Hill — School of the Soldier- - Culling the Hours— - " Cor-
poral of the Guard" — "Battle of the Sand Pits" — Brigade
Formation — Carver Barracks— Colonel Davis — Barrack Life —
Disease and Death— " On to Richmond "—A False Start . .11
:
CHAPTER III. ;
BEFORE YGKETOWN.
I
Planning the Campaign — The Embarkation — On Board the Consti-
tution— The First Hostile Shot — Newport News— Young's Mills
— Engagement at Lee's Mills — Siege Operations — Evacuation of
Yorktown .19
CHAPTER IV.
TO THE CI1ICNATT0MINY.
I
The Pursuit of the Confederate Army — Battle of Williamsburg — A
Terrible Night — Golni; ovA- the Battlefield— Colonel Plaisted
— The Chiekahominy at Last — General Naglce's Reconnaissance
to the James— Crossing the Chiekahominy — Established at Fair
Oaks 28
I
CHAPTER V.
TEE BATTLE 07? I' ME OAKS.
The Situation of the Divisions of the Army of the Potomac — The
Rising of the Chiekahominy— The First Day of the Baltic— The
Pickets — The Second Day of the Battle— Colonel Plaisted'a
Report — List of Casualties ........ 37
Vlll CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VI.
OX THE CHICKAIiOMINY.
PAGE
Guarding the Bridges- -Jackson Unenforces Lee — The Battles of
Meehanicsville and Gaines Mill — Preparations for Retreat to the
j James — A Strange Bombardment — Left at Savage Station . . 51
CHAPTEE VII.
i ... WITHDRAWAL TO THE JAMES.
Across White Oak Swamp — Jackson Salutes with Thirty Guns —
Nagiec's Yankee Squad^A Battery Arrives just in Time — Battle.
cf Glendale — Other Engagements of the Day — A Night March-to
the James — The Battle of Malvern Hill — Arrival at Harrison's
Landing ........... 00
I
(
CHAPTER VIIT.
I
HARRISON S LANDING.
Evlington Heights— General MeClellan's Address to the Army — From
the Richmond Enquirer — A Foraging Raid and its Results —A
Morning Alarm — From the Diaries — Lee "Relieves Richmond by
Threatening Washington—The Retreat to Yorktown . . .07
CHAPTER IX.
YORKTOWN.
How we Became Severed from the Army of the Potomac — Shoveling
Virginia Soil— -Disposition of Troops— Catching Crabs— Country
Produce— Contrabands— A. Guerrilla Scare— Our New Recruits—
From the New York Evening Post—T\\Q Veterans and the Recruits
A Grievance — An Ungrateful Pickaninny— General Emory—
The Raid into Matthews County— The Raid to Gloucester Court
House ".-... . .70
CHAPTER X.
PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA.
The Fourth Corps— General Keyes— Changes in the Organization of
the Regiment -00
CONTENTS. IX
•CHATTER XL
DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA.
PAGE
I We Sail from Yorktown — A Storm oil Hatteras — Loss of the Monitor
i — Carolina City — Incidents from the Diaries — Naglee Commands
the Division — His Farewell Order to the Brigade — Confederates'
Anticipations , . . . . . . . . .98
I
CHAPTER XII.
DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH.
"We Lund on. St. Helena Island— Incidents of Life There — The Break-
ing up of Naglee's Brigade— ^Differences between General Officers
of the Department- -General Naglee Leaves the Department —
The First Attack on Charleston — Its Failure and the Causes —
The Military Operations That had Taken Place in the Depart-
ment of the South — The Negro as a Soldier— The Northern
Idea of Charleston's Defenses and Defenders .... 10'
CHAPTER XIII.
BEAUFORT, SOUTH CAROLINA.
Its Abandonment by its White Inhabitants, and Occupancy by the
Union Forces — Raids of United States Negro Troops from this
Point— The Confederate Weakness in South Carolina — Incidents
of our Life in Beaufort — We Are Ordered to Fernandina. Fla. . 117
CHAPTER XIV.
F E UNA N O I N A , FT. 0 1 1 1 D A .
We Sail from Beaufort to Fern andin a— Colonel Plaisted as Post Com-
mander, and his Stall-— The Arrangement of Troops — Details for
Detached Service— A Night Alarm— Outpost Duty— "Halt!
Who Comes There \ " — The " Shakes," and Lieuten mt Dunbar's
Diary of a Personal Experience -^-Incidents of -i! '■ m Fer-
nandina—Wo Arc Ordered to Morris Island > . - ;J*! .10 2
\
X CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XV.
THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON.
PACE
We Laud on Folly Island and March to Morris Island — The Geog-
raphy of the Situation — General Q. A. Gilhnore and his Military
Antecedents— The Landing on Morris Island and the Assaults on
Fort Wagner — The " Swamp Angel" Battery — It is Manned by
a Detachment of Volunteers from the Eleventh Maine, who Left
Fernandina in July for Artillery Service in the Siege — The Story
of this Detachment as told by their Commander, Lieutenant Sell-
t mer . . « . 1U
■
CHAPTER XVI.
\
THE REGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON.
Turning Wagner and Gregg under the Enemy's Fire — Hard Fatigue
and Guard Duty — The Confederate Fleet — Its Atraek on our
Fleet — Torpedo Boats — The Sinking of the Weekmeken — De-
tachments of the Eleventh for Artillery Service — Experiences as
Gunners in Lattery Chatrleld — Odd Escapes — Fun with a Captain
— .A. Shell Breaks into our Magazine — Casualties — Night Bom-
bardments— Attempt to Storm Sumter— The Artillery Detach-
ments Return to the Regiment — Aggressive Work closed for the
Season 148
CHAPTER XYLL
A WINTER OX THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST.
Our Brigade Formation-— A Military Execution— Garrisoning Fort
Wagner and Black Island — The " Veteran Volunteers " go North
Incidents of Life in. Fort Wagner and on Black Island— April
Fool — Climatic Record — A High Tide and a Great Storm— The
Dead Uncovered— Beaurogard Bombards us to Affect Operations
in Florida — His Stratagem ;i Success — Experience with Shells —
The Destruction of a Blockade Ruuner — Believed, We Sail for
Virginia ........... 158
CHAPTLB XVI II. •
YOUKTOV-.'N AND GLOUCESTER POINT.
Rccoilection and a Comparison— The Army of the James— The
"Iron" Brigade — The "Veterans" Return with One Hundred
and Seventy-six Recruits — The Plan of Campaign— Preparations
Completed— We Embark anil Sail for Bermuda :' :■■■■ !-~<_)r-
ffauizatioii of the Regiment at This Time' . ." . 1GT
\
CONTEXTS. XI
CHAPTER XIX.
OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED.
PAGE
The Landing at Bermuda Hundred — Clothing the Roadsides-r-rForag-
ing-*— Marching and Countermarching— The Affair at Chester Sta-
tion— An Expected Attack — The Advance on Dairy's Blufi —
The Death of Lieutenant Branneh — Heavy Skirmishing — The
Battle of Entry's Bluff— The Retreat— The Eleventh the Last
Regiment to Reenter the Bermuda Hundred Works — List of
Casualties . . . . . . . . . . .175
CHAPTER XX.
IN BERMUDA HUNDRED.
The Eleventh Makes a Night Attack — List of Casualties — Heavy
Fighting all along the Line — The Men as Axemen — "Bottled
Up " — A Hearty Laugh — Reinforcements for the Army of the Po-
tomac— Beauregard's Rcconnoissance in Force — The Stories of
Cur Companies — List of Casualties — Death of Colonel Spofford . ISO
CHAPTER XXI.
DEFENDING THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT.
The Crillmore Fiasco — Our New Position — Private Haegan's Di-
lemma— The Coming of Grant — The Assaults on Petersburg —
Beauregard Evacuates Bermuda Hundred Lines — An Adventure
of the Tenth Connecticut— the Arrival of Lee and the Flight
of the "Hundred Days" Men — A. Joke on Myself — Lee's Vet-
erans Assault our Front, while Those of Grant are Assaulting
Beauregard's Position at Petersburg- Cessation of Attacks— Cas-
ualties. . .' 204
f
CHAPTER XXII.
AT DEEP BOTTOM.
We Cross the James and Capture Deep Bottom Bluff— Its Advantages
as a Base of Operations on the North Side—Finding a "Pot of
Gold" — Hill and Baldwin Promoted— A False Alarm — Raiding
the Enemy's Sources of Supply— Capturing Pickets to Secure
Information— Colonel Hill's A-' lonel Hill Lends an
Attaek on the Enemy and is aenoed in Reports— Colonel
Piui^trd Commands the Eleventh and the Tenth Connecticut in
Operations on Strawberry Plain-— Hard Fighting— A Sad Acci-
Xi! CONTENTS.
,E
\
dent— Grant's Object —Arrival bf ih ncc-Ck and Sheridan — Milos's
Brigade, assisted by the Tenth Connecticut, Captures Four
Twenty-pound Guns — The Movements of Hancock and Sheridan
— General Grant on the Ground— Report of a Rebel Prisoner —
Hancock's Troops Withdrawn— We Retire to the Bluff. — Casual-
ties ' 214
CHAPTER XXIII.
THE rattle of deep bottom.
The Tenth Connecticut Attacked — A Night Attack— Volunteers for
the Dutch Gap Canal— A Military Execution — Marching Orders
— The Coming of Hancock — Baldwin Leads the Attack — Hill
Assumes Command as Baldwin Falls— -The General Assault — We
Capture the Enemy's Outwork — The Second Corps Repulsed —
Casualties . . . . . . . . . . . 283
CHAPTER XXIV.
TnE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN AND FCSSELL's MILL.
On Reserve — Form for Assault — Carry the Enemy's First Line — A
Terrible Rifle Fire — A Momentary Check — A Desperate Assault
— Our Left Enfiladed — A Graphic Pen Picture by Sergeant
Miller — Our Loss in Officers — Captain Merrill in Command —
Regiments on our Right Fall Back— The Fight for Oar Flag—
The Final Assault— Our Rapid Retreat— Reform Quickly and
Check Pursuit— Casualties— The Dash of Gregg and Miles
— Throwing up Intrenchments— Skylarking — The Assault at
Fussell's Mill— Nearly a Panic— Fall Rack to the Right— Retreat
to the James— At Deep Bottom again 243
CHAPTER XXV.
PETERSBURG.
A Sad March and a Glad Countermarch— A Night March to Peters-
burg—We Take Position near Fort Hell --Disappointed Artillery-
men—Under a Coutinual Fire— The Death of Bassett— A Brave
Soldier — A Day in a Picket Hole— Pleasant Fatigue Duty —
Scurvy — Swindling the Surgeon's Cook — Roaring Shotted Salutes
and an Incident of One— Major Camp.' :]-n of a Mid-
night Shotted Salute— Colo ael Plais . itfarrow Escape— Re-
lieved and Fall Back out of the Line of Fire— Casualties . . 257
•
\
< I
CONTENTS. Xlll
CHAPTER XXYI.
THE NORTH SIDE OP THE JAMES.
PAGE
Colonel Plaisted's Care of the Regiment — Drills once More — March-
ing Orders — A Night March to Deep Bottom— " Who Stole the
Butter ?"— The Object of the Expedition— Capture of Works
before "Deep Bottom — General Ord Captures Fort Harrison and
Other Works— Ord Wounded and Heckman Assumed Command
— Fails to Carry the Works — We March on Richmond — See its
Spires and Roofs — Forced to Fall Back — Intrenching — Move-
ments— Skirmishing — Kautz Loses his Position — We Face the
Victors — Their- Assault and Defeat — Casualties — A Reconnois-
sance in Force and its Casualties— General Birney's Death — The
Cavalry Driven in, and we Move out and Retake their Lost
Position— The Last Engagement of the War on the Xorth Side
of the James — The Breaking up of the Old Organization — Re-
duced to a Battalion — Lieutenant Max-field in Command — Go to
New York to Keep the Peace — Return to Chapiri's Farm —
The Return of Hill and Baldwin — A Regiment once More —
Losses in the Campaign . . 2Cf>
CHAPTER XXVII.
I
' IN WINTEK QTJARTEKS.
1
The Opposing Lines — Changes in the Army of the James — The
Twenty-fourth Corps— Its Badge — Changes in the Rank and File
of the Regiment — Sergeant Blake's Story of Prison Life —
Changes in the Field, Staff, and Line of the Regiment— General
PlaistedfS Farewell Order 285
r CHAPTER XXVIII.
LAST DAYS ON THE NORTH SIDE.
Colonel Dandythe Brigade Commander — Hill and Baldwin Promoted
— The Fame of Hill— Henry O. Fox and Other Adjutants— Our
Quartermasters— Our Surgeons— Our Chaplains— The Non-com-
missioned Staff — The New Line Officers — The Xc\\ Men — Our
Camp— A Cold Winter • "' ' -■* and their Whiskey Ration— Re-
viewed by General' a*nd Secretary Stanton— Reviewed by
President Lincoln-^Sfarching Orders— To the South Side Again
— Organization of the Regiment
\
XIV CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXIX.
THE FALL OF PETERSBURG AND OF FICIJMOND.
PAGE
Winter Operations in the South — Sherman's March to North Carolina
— His Consultation with Grant and Lincoln — Their Plan of Cam-
paign— Grant Takes the Initiative — Our Historical Night March
from the Extreme Right to the Extreme Le.fi of the Union Line —
Sheridan Advances with the Second and Fifth Corps in Support
— The Battle of Five Folks — Our Experiences on the Night
March and on the Second Corp;- Front — General Hill Commands
our Advance — Order.- a Rifle Fire that Silences a Battery — A
Rebel Night Attack — lis Repulse — Baldwin Wounded and Gen-
eral Dandy Disobeyed— Grant's Plan of Assault — Captain Max-
field Commands our Front — His Night Attack — Its Repulse —
Captain Xorris Reconnoitcrs and Reports-- The Signal Gun and
the Grand Assault — its Success — Captain Maxfield A. Hacks and
Captures ins Front, a Battery of Artillery and its Supports— The
Advance of the Skirmishers of the Eleventh—Quickly under Fire
-—The Assault of the Rebel Barracks— Set on Fire— Fighting
among the Blazing Structures — The Assault on Fort Gregg led
by Lieutenant Payne of Our Regiment — That on Fort >\ "hitworth
led by A and B of the Eleventh under Command of Captain
Rolfe, of A. and Lieutenant Brady, in Command of B — The Sur-
render of the Two Forts after a Desperate Resistance — The Clo^e
of the Battles of the Day — Casualties 307
CHAPTER XXX.
THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER.
The Predicament of General Lee— Tlis Decision — The Abandonment
of Richmond and its Oceupancj? by Union Troops— Grant Fol-
lows Lee's Escaping QfPKumn Ord and the Twenty-fourth Corps
Cut Loose as a Fiying Column — Incidents of the March — We
Reach Burkevillc Junction and Place Ourselves between Lee and
Johnston after a Steady March of Fifty- three Miles — The Move-
ment&of Sheridan and Meade— General Read's Fatal March on
High Bri Ige— We Advance on Rice's Station to Meet Longstreet
—He Evades Us— The B ,h of Sailor's Creek— Farmville— The
Bridges Burned except one Saved by the Second Corp- — This
Corps boldly Crosses, an ■ prted Confronts the Confe ler-
ate Ann) —The Twci • I tin Fifth Corps; Move out of
Farmvilie and Ih It t Appomattox Court House to Cut
oil" Lcc— Inciih nts of ;'.- M .:■ !i— An Early Morning Best in the
CONTENTS.
XV
\
Rear of Sheridan — A Greasy Breakfast — Interrupted by the Ad-
vancing Enemy — In Line of .Cattle and in the Front Once More —
A Cavalry Retreat — The Assault of Gordon's Men — We Beat them
Back and Follow on Their Heels — Our Assault on a Battery —
Beaten Back, we Reform and are again Advancing when the An-
nouncement of Lee's Surrender is Made to Us — Casualties .
;19
CHAPTER XXXI.
AFTER THE SURRENDER.
The Formal Surrender — Our March to Richmond — Our Life There —
Ordered to Northeastern Virginia — Incidents of Life in Freder-
icksburg— Ordered to Reunite — We Meet at Fredericksburg and
are' Sent to City Point — Mustered Out — Are Sent to Augusta —
laid oil and Disbanded ........
PERSONAL SKETCHES
Field .
Stall .
Non-commissioned
Band .
Company A
Company B
Company C
Company D
Company E
Company F
Company G
Company If
Company I
Company K
Nurses
ROSTER .
Stall
345
348
3u0
352
3ol
364
370
376
385
392
401
•110
t20
423
435
i-lxx
•
\
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
CHAPTER I.
EEOM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON.
Organization of the Regiment — Breaking Cam})— On Our Way to Wash-
ington--Camp Knox.
The Field and Staff, the Band, and the ien Companies of the
Eleventh Regiment, Maine Infantry Volunteers, were made up of
the following named :
Field axd Stait.
John C. Caldwell, Colonel.
Harris M. Plaisted, Lieutenant-Colonel.
William M. Shaw, Major.
('harks J. Penncll, Adjutant
Ivory J. Robinson, Quartermaster.
Albert 8. Clark, Surgeon.
William 0. Gordon, Assistant Surgeon.
Caleb II. Ellis, Chaplain.
1.1a rrison Hume, Sergeant -Major.
George H. Caldwell, Quartermaster Sergeant
Henry C. AdanT^ Commissary Sergeant.
Joseph D. Moore, Hospital Steward.
Corydon A. Alvord, Jr., Drum Major.
Sylvester C. Moody. Fife Major.
BAN!-.
Jri,;. .. McDonald, Leader.
Musiciaiis.
Abram Barnes, Benjamin F. Brown,
Roscoe G. Buck, Samuel C. Chick,
\
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Marshall S. Eastman,, Alexander Fuller,
Joseph M. Fuller, Nathan U. Hinckley,
Isaac C. Ilovey, Joseph R. W. Hun tress,
Thomas K. Jones, James M. Larrabee,
Meltiah W. Lawrence, William. Libby,
Henry C. Long, John M. Pease,
Nathan W. Pease, John II. Paine,
Thomas J. Robinson, George B. Safl'ord,
David Stevens, . • Benjamin W. Storer.
Calvin E. Woodbury, Total, 38.
GOM^AKY A.
Woodbury S: Pennell, Captain.
Sylvan us B. Bean, First Lieutenant.
Bandali Libby, 2d, Second Lieutenant.
Sergei nits.
Joseph 0. Gentleman, First Sergeant ;
William II. Kaler, Lewis 11, Holt,
Charles M. Moore, Albert. Leigh ton.
Corporals.
Charles J. Noyes. George A. Bakeman,
Charles E.. Poor, Moses L. Lufkin,
Armandell Barbour, tagarine Gray,
William H. EL Frye, George W. Collins.
Frank Stone, Musician.
Augustus S. Davis, Wagoner.
Numb er of Privates, 63— total, 81
Company B.
William II. Kimball, Captain.
Nathaniel W. Cole, First Lieutenant.
James II. Albee, Second Lieutenant.
{^ Sergeants.
James Whitney, First Sergeant;
Charles A. Cook, Abijah S. Lord,
William Wiley, George Payne.
FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON. 3
Corporals.
Alexander T. Katon, George M. Rollins,
Ausburn Hutchihs, Henry M. Neal,
Charles J. McCausland, James A. Ridlon.
>• James li. Taylor, Stephen H. Emerson.
Musicians.
John S. Kelley, Benjamin A. Smith.
Number of Privates, 61 — total, 79.
Company C.
Robert F. Campbell, Captain.
George W. Seavey, First Lieutenant.
J. William West. Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Edgar A. Nickels, First Sergeant ;
Charles W. Woods, Adams D. Plummer,
Lemuel E. Xevfcomb^ Fletcher K. Leigh torn.
Corporals.
S. Albert Seavey, Horace F. Albee,
Jacob W. Gardiner, James Gross,
Charles W. Bridgham, Calif Smith,
Thomas S. Albee, Wiffiam Libby.
Musicians.
Henry E. Gardiner, Artemas Foster.
William F. Burphani, Wagoner.
Number of Privates, 02— total. : 81
Company I).
Leonard. S... Harvey, Captain.
John ]). S [wood, First Lieutenant.
Gibsou S. 3ge, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants*
Robert Brady, First Sergeant ;
Abner F. Bassett, dames W. 3Sroyes,
Jndson L. Young, Francis M. Johnson.
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Corporals.
John McDonald, Richard W. Dawe,
Epbraim Francis, Hughey G. Hideout,
John Sherman, Benjamin Gould,
William H. Chamberlain, Freeman R. Dakin.
Robert A. Strickland, Musician.
Henry W. Rider, Wagoner.
Number of Privates, 77 — total, 95.
Company E.
Samuel B. Straw, Captain.
Francis W. Wis well, First Lieutenant.
Francis W. Sabine, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Lawson G. Ireland, First Sergeant ;
Daniel S. Cole, Stephen B. Foster,
John N. Weymouth, Daniel T. Mayo.
Corporals.
Peter Bunker, Charles F. Wheeler,
John Higgins, Charles Babcock,
John S. ilodgdon, James J. Banker.
John B. Reed, Wagoner.
dumber oi Privates, 67— total, 82,
Company F.
AtigusUis P. Davis, Captain.
John M. Beal, First Lieutenant.
Samuel G. Sewall, Second Lieutenant.
Serge ant s^
Thomas A. Brann, First Sergeant ;
Charles IT. Scott, , Alfred G. Brann,
Henry 0. Fox, Benjamin E. Dunbar.
rporals.
Archibald -Clark, Calvin P. Sears,
John C. Ross, dames A. Scoullar,
Rnl'ns X. Burgess, John C. Meader,
William B. Joy, Daniel S. Smith.
FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON. 5
Musicians.
Franklin B. Morrill, Ira M, Rollins.
Wendell F. Joy, Wagoner.
Number of Privates, 79— total, 98.
K.
Company G.
Winslow P. Spoil'ord, Captain.
Ghas. E. Jllsley, First Lieutenant,
John S. Dodge, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
William H. H. Eice, First Sergeant ;
Thomas Clark, Luius II. Wingate,
Caleb Philbrick, John D. Clark
Corporals.
James C. Went worth, Alfred E. Conners,
Isaac H. Small, William H. Burrill,
Jndson Salisbury, James II. Abbott.
Ambrose P. Phillips, Wagoner.
Number of Privates, 73— total, 88.
Company H.
Royal T. Nash, Captain.
Nelson T. Smith, First Lieutenant.
Charles A. Fuller, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeant?.
Ezra W. Could, First Sergeant ;
William F. Haskell, George F. Morrill,
Nathan J. Gould, ^ Joseph Harris.
Corporals.
Alvin Morrill, Cyrus H. Perkins,
Albert L. Rankin, George W. Smith,
William II. Girrcll, James Ellis,
Dustin Sands, Silas Howard.
William L. Pinkham, Musician.
John F. Goal J, Wagoner.
Number of Privates, 73— total, 91.
6 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
On December 26, 3 SGI. the non-commissioned officers of Com-
pany II were rearranged as follows :
Sergeants.
Luther Lawrence, First Sergeant ;
""*• Ezra Gould, James M. Thompson,
Nathan J. Gould, George W. Smith.
Corporals.
Alvin Morrill, Seth A. Ramsdell,
Joseph Harris, Daniel M. Dill,
James Ellis, Cyrus H. Perkins,
Dustin Sands, William IL Girrell.
Company I.
John Pomroy, Captain.
! Benjamin B. Foster, First Lieutenant.
Simeon H. Merrill, Second Lieutenant.
!
berged-ils.
George A. Stratton, First Sergeant ;
Geo. B. Weymouth, A. Litchfield Leland,
George Leader, William W. Foster.
Corporals.
George W. Butterfield, William Brannen,
Joseph S. Butler, John Wilson,
David B. Snow, Elbridge G, Decker,
Charles W. Trott, Robert Doyle.
William M. Brick. Musician.
George Foster, Wagoner.
Number of Privates, 66 — total, 8-i.
COMPANY K.
Jonathan A. Hill, Captain.
Melville M. Folsom, Firs! Lieutenant.
. Albert G. Mudgett, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
AJphonzo Patten, Firsi Sergeant ;
William 1*. Plaiste I, Horatio Kirov U .
Nelson P. Cram, George B. No;
FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON.
Daniel West,
Charles II. Foster,
Charles G. L. Aiken,
George W. Small,
CorporaU.
Calvin S. Chapman,
Daniel D. Xoyes,
John E. Smith,
Silas II. Keimey.
Abner Brooks, Musician.
Joseph G-. Rieker, Wagoner.
Number of Privates, 75— total, 93.
Total of the Eedinent, 910. ■
The regiment as thus organized was mustered into the United
States service the 12th day of November, 1861, was uniformed,
was reviewed by Governor Israel Washburn, Jr., and the 13th day
M November was on its way to Washington, where it was to be
armed, and, in the minds of its more sanguine members, was to
immediately /proceed to {< hang Jeff Davis to a sour apple-tree."
This was the war song of the original regiment, and in the even-
ings of i\u\ days of our stay at Augusta the camp resounded with
its stirring chorus.
The marching order issued to the Eleventh by Governor Wash-
burn contains so handsome a compliment to the original members
*' the regiment, the only one of its kind given in orders to an
ling Maine regiment (so Captain Clark assures, us), that it
possesses a personal and historical value to everyone interested in
State of Maine.
Headquarters, Adjutant-General's Office,
Augusta, Me., November 12, 1861.
General Order No. 54.
Colonel Caldwell's Regiment, the Eleventh Maine Volunteers,
Composed of the following companies, viz. :
Company A, Captain Pennell ;
Company B, Captain Kimball ;
Company 0, Captain Campbell ;
Company D, Captain Harvey;
Compam E, Captain Si v&s\ ;
Company \'\ Captain Davis;
CompanvG, Captain SpofTord;
Company Jl, Cj ptain Nash ;
Company I, Captain Poimoy ;
Company K, Captain Hill ;
idSJj - ^-'IV.
8 THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT.
haying been mustered into the service of the United States,
and returned enlistment descriptive and muster rolls in proper
form, and duly eertilied to this office, and been furnished, upon
due requisitions, by the Qnartermaster-GreneraPs Department of
this State with a full and complete outfit of camp equipage,
utensils, clothing, uniforms, and. equipments, and all other neces-
n^ sary articles (except arms), for immediate service in the field, will
break up their camp at this place on Wednesday morning, the
13th instant, at such hour as Colonel Caldwell may direct and
forthwith leave for Washington, per railroad.
Rations in sufficient quantity for subsistence of the troops until
after their arrival in Washington, and assignment to quarters and
duty, have been duh furnished them by order of Lieutenant-
Colonel Seth Eastman of the United States Army.
The Commander-in-Chief cannot permit the present occasion
to pass without an expression of his gratification at the evidence
of the increasing patriotism of his fellow-citizens, shown in the
promptness with which the members of this regiment have enlisted
for the defense of the Government, and the zeai and readiuess
with which they have taken upon themselves the obligations of a
soldier.
Their sense of duty has surmounted the motive of special bounty,
hitherto bestowed, and made them willing to do, and to suffer, if
need be, for the vindication of the majesty of the Laws and the
imperishable Constitution.
f By order of the Commander-in-Chief.
(Signed.) Jonx L. Hodsdon,
Adjutant-General.
The morning of November 13th, long before daylight, the cir-
cular Ellis tents we had camped in were taken down, and the camp
became a gipsy one in appearance ; the cam}) fires burning with
increasing brilliancy as the camp debris was heaped upon them,
until a red glare of almost noonday intensity gave light to the men
engaged in piling the tents into baggage wagons for removal to
the cars, to the bustling officers and non-commissioned officers as
they hurried back and fofrh shouting orders and counter-orders to
their distracted men, and to the throngs of loyal ladies and girls
who, in hurried but none the less charming costumes, bearing pails
of hot coffee and armloads of sandwiches, cake-, and pies, had
arisen at an unseemly hour to cheer the hearts o< the heroes about
to depart u-r the seat of war. The ladies of Augusta were always
the friends of the Eleventh Maine ; and the men of the Eleventh
Maine have always been respectful admirers of the ladies of
Augusta.
Gc
973
M29
17 5
FROM AUGUSTA TO WASHINGTON. 9
■
At last we were on our way to Portland. The enthusiasm along
the road was enchanting. Hurrahing crowds were at every station;
nags floated from many houses, delegations of town officials bade
as God-speed at every stopping-place, and as an example of the
^ wide liberty accorded us, the girls, all crying with the sympathetic
excitement of the moment,, were not as enraged as perhaps fchey
ought to have been when some bold soldier boy would leap from.
his car to clasp an especially pretty one in his arms, to kiss her
heartily, her smothered screams of pleased consternation unheard
in the hurrah, with which not only his comrades, but the citizens
too, would greet his gallantry.
We moved southward as triumphantly as if we were returning,
not departing soldiers, our men hoarse with shooting, our band
playing patriotic and sentimental airs at every opportunity ; in
short, all of us wild with excitement, and fortunately ignorant of
what the South hod in store for us.
Our men made sure that when we reached opulent Portland
they would be accorded not only a rousing reception but an
abundant collation, one fit in every way for a thousand hungry
men. Alas ! whether the citizens of Portland were saving their
enthusiasm for the ongoing of the regiments forming within
'orders of their own city, and so had none to spare for a regi-
ment at had rendezvoused in another, if not a rival city ; or
whether it was that they were already blase with martial gl^'V}' is
a question ; the fact remains that they did not offer the rank and
file of our regiment either reception or collation, only giving the
officers of the regiment a hasty lunch. It was a disappointment
to the many of our men forced to satisfy tin1, cravings of empty
stomachs with the cold, dry. army rations in their haversacks.
Our jaws had not yet acquired the leverage necessary to the mas-
tication of (t hard-tack. "^These required a different biting power
than had sufficed for the biscuits of our experience. For exam-
ple, Captain Max-fieldte diary has this illustrative entry concerning
his first meal off army rations: " My ration for the first night
eonsists of three hard breads. They are wvy good, hut mj
jaws are so tired after rating two that 1 think i will leave the
other.v
It must have been just after such an experience that a regi-
mental bard dropped into tin- sarcastic rhymes in which he told
us:
10
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
•' The rut took their potatoes,
And the weevil took their grain,
So they'd nothing left to give us,
In Portland City, Maine."
Leaving the cold-hearted city behind us, we sped toward Boston,
still through an enthusiastic country. We arrived in Boston in
the evening, and, marching to Faneuil Hall, were entertained
with a bountiful supper, after partaking of which we took the
cars for Fall River. Arriving,, we went on board the steamer
State of Maine, and steamed for New York City, arriving late in
the forenoon of November 14th.
We were here given our first lesson in military rule. We
marched from the boat-landing to barracks situated in City Hall
Park, where we were kept for some hours with every avenue to
sight-seeing closed by armed sentinels. Clinging to the iron
railings of the high fence surrounding the courtyard of the bar-
racks, we could see but lit tie more than the City Hall, the old
New York TimcH building, and the ramshackle one then occupied
by Horace Greeley and his politically omnipotent Tribune^
In the course of the day we crossed the North River to Jersey
City, and took the cars for Washington. We halted at Philadel-
phia, where we were given a fine supper; then, reentering our
tr ,"' d the night of the 14th and the day of the loth, so
slow were military trains in those days, not reaching Washington
until in. the nieht of the 15th.
e passed the
art ol that
night on the not so very soft plank flooring of the Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad Depot.
In the morning of November 16th, after breakfasting on cofiee
made in the public streets (in defiance of the local guardians ol
the peace), and such rations as we had left, in our haversacks, eked
out bv the mercenary hosnitalitv of swarming pie-women, venders
of the tough-crusted pies Washington was famous for in those
days — pies so suggestive of leather that tiro soldier in the play
asks if they are sewed or pegged. We were marched to Meridian
Hill, where, our Ellis tents arriving, we pitched Camp Knox.
'
CHAPTER II.
I
WASHINGTON.
Meridian Hill— School of the Soldier — Calling the Hours — "Corporal
of the Guard" — "Battle of the Sand Pits" — Brigade Formation —
Carver Barracks— Colonel Davis — Barrack Life— Disease and Death
— "On to Richmond "—A False Start.
i
Gamp Knox was beautiful!} situated on a slope of Meridian
Hill. The camp overlooked the city of Washington and a stretch
of adjoining country, its rear resting on a deep wood-bordered
ravine, through which flowed a stream, the fountain-head supply-
ing its with an abundance of pure water.
We were now armed, and set to learning our drill from the
" School of the Soldier." Some of us had first to unlearn all the
drill we had so far acquired, for certain of our militarv authorities
had taught us from Scott's obsolete tactics, while Casey's, a patri-
otic revision of the rebel Hardee's, were the adopted tactics of
-' ror a while one antiquated custom, prevailed, the calling of the
night hours by the sentinels. As our camp was a large ouc, our
guard-posts wore numerous, so that the first quarter of each hour
of she night was rendered hideous by a crv that passed along from
post to post of " ti'ii (or so) o'clock and a-l-l-'s well*" the cry run-
ning from the roar of some deep-chested ball of a man to a shrill
wailing cry as of a woman at a wake. But (his disturbance to
sleep was soon discontinued and the sleepy sentinels obliged to
pace their posts silentlv: that is, except when they passed the cry
for the *'•' corporal of the guard " along. This cry, too, would
some nights ring over and over again, in all possible voices.
These were the nights when the sentries of a relief were hazing a
new or tin objectionable corporal. And after one of these worthy
non-coms, had passed his two hours in trotting from guard-house
to post, to stand temporary guard for this and that tormentor,
he would throw himself no tin.- guard-bed fully determined that
before he was another twenty-four hours older ho would insist
on being killed, promoted to sergeant, or reduced to the rank.-.
12 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
But no corpora*! but ~one, that I ever knew, really resigned his war-
rant, and as the one did so in favor of his brother, his resignation
was looked upon as an expression of fraternal regard rather than
as a deliberately taken backward step from the first one out of
the ranks to a commission of major-general,
*"** The notable event of the several weeks the regiment occupied
Camp Knox was the Battle of the Sand Pits, by which mime the
quarrel between the men of the Eleventh and those of a. United
States cavalry regiment camped near Camp Knox is known to
the initiated. Whatever the cause of the quarrel, it culminated
in an undisciplined rush to arms, and a prompt occupation of
the disputed sand pits by the more hot-headed of the Eleventh.
Fortunately, no blood was shed before the officers of the two regi-
ments got their men under control. And no reputations -were
lost in this engagement, and but one was made, that of Private
John Longiey, of D Company, who, with characteristic French-
Canadian impetuosity, slipped a cartridge into the muzzle of his
Austrian rifle, bullet, end first, effectually spiking the piece.
The Eleventh was now brigaded with the One Hundred and
Fourth and Fifry-sceond Pennsylvania and the Fifty-sixth and
One Hundredth New York Regiments, with Regan's Seventh
New York VviUery of six 3-ineh ordnance guns attached. Colonel
W. W3 Yof the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania,
assumed command of the brigade by reason of seniority of com-
mission.
On Hew Year's Day, 186&, soon after this formation, the brigade
went into winter quarter's m Carver Barracks, on the crown of
Meridian Hill.* Each regiment was now domiciled in a dozen or
fourteen one-story wooden houses ; shell-like structures of from
fifty to sixty feet in length, twenty-five or thirty feet in width,
and separated from each other by a street of perhaps twenty-five
feet in width. The buildings of each regiment bordered one side
of a great esplanade, the garrison Hag floating from a tali stair in
its center, each building laying a gable end to this square, which
was common to all for drill and parade purposes.
The winter was passed in perfecting the drill and discipline of
the men, the ofiicers gaining their technical military knowledge
book in hand, while imparting the contents to their stalwart
pupils. In this wav both officers and men practiced assiduously
* These barracks were built by detailed artificers of tlie brigade.
WASHINGTON. 13
I
until they could load 7m d fire m a truly military manner, marcli
with mathematical accuracy,, and wheel geometrically. The men
also learned to obey orders without demur or question, under pen-
alty of " death, or some worse punishment/' as they would have
Sfe^ '*r l h-e United States Army Regulations, read to them so frequently,
provided for about all the offenses in the military decalogue, this
being their free rendering of the often closing phrase of a para.*
-graph: u Death, or such other punishment as the sentence of a
court-martial may inflict/7
As Colonel Davis, our brigade commander, had served in the
Mexican War, he had clear ideas of the necessity of military dis-
cipline, and did not hesitate to punish any breach thereof. Those
of our men inclined to overstay their passes, or to indulge in
intoxicating liquors to an appreciable extent, or to otherwise in-
fract tlic rules laid down for their guidance — especially sentinels
inclined to accept (i whiskey " as a satisfactory countersign from
guard -running comrades — soon learned that the heads of barrels
were unpleasant things to stand on for several hours at a time,
that a heavily loaded knapsack when carried for hours grew
steadily heavier with passing time, and that the "wooden horse"
by the guard-house had a wonderfully unpleasant backbone for its
involute- — riders. We will not ask these sufferers to express
their _r ^h of Ckdonel Davis, hut the most of us learned to
rather like his pleasant, soldierly face, and to admire his light,
trim figure as we saw it riding around on the speekiod mustang
he had brought from Mexico, as lie had the silver-mounted saddle
and bridle with which the mustang was usually caparisoned.
Colonel Davis's apparently low-pitched voice was our wonder.
On brigade drills it would ring out to the uttermost points of the
line. It was as clear, as piercing, and as far-reaching as a bugle
In after-months the writer of this sketch was one of his boy
orderlies, and learned to know hint well ; he can say, from the
daily contact and observation of months, that he never met a
more fatherly, kind-hearted, or admirable gentleman than General
Davis, as he now deservedly ranks*
At first the company barracks were partitioned into rooms, four
or five in number, each room occupied by a squad-, usually a self-
selected one, in charge of a sergeant. Hut these partitions were
soon torn down, and the whole company, except the commissioned
14 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT.
officers, who retained- their separate quarters in the ends of the
buildings abutting on the parade ground* occupied the large, hall-
like room thus made. One reason for this change of plan — an-
other was a hygienic one — may have been that while the company
rooms were in existence a state of verbal war existed between the
occupants of the different rooms. While, for example, in one room
a prayer meeting might be going on, an enthusiastic new recruit
to the Army of the Lord straining his lungs in enunciating his
budding religious views, in an adjoining room, separated only by
a thin board partition, a card party would be in progress, vocifer-
ously " swinging for Jack v ; and on the other side of the prayer-
meeting room the company's singing club would be waking the
echoes with, "And 0 ! the battles I've been in, to my ankles deep
in blood *" — a sanguinary declaration that the realities of the
Peninsula campaign gave the singers good reason to change to
" dee}) in mud.'"
With the destruction of the partitions all the enlisted men came
under the immediate control of the First Sergeant, whose duty it now
became to keep the peace ; an arduous duty that did not cease even
with taps. 1I(j must sleep eru-like, and have a candle and matches
by his bunk that, when a secrei "' mdgel, or other missile, should he
hurled across the dark room, mn •. ; about the spot some person
obnoxious to the thrower would be Ideated, as the clamorous voice
of the victim would rise in a howl of pain and wrath, the scratch
of a mate]] might be heard and by the flickering ilare of a lighting
candle the First Sergeant would be seen standing in the middle of
the floor in comical deshabille, his snapping eyes and questioning
tongue trying to search out the culprit from among the growling,
sleepy-looking heads roused from their rude pillows by the sudden
commotion. The rascal was rarely caught. Indeed, how could
he be when, if not one of the most sleepy-looking of the growling
lot, he was one of the stiff snoring ones that nothing short of an
earthquake could seemingly wake up ?
To the fact that we had not yet the community of recollections
to thrash over and over, that served to while away idle hours
spent in other winter quarters, must be attributed much of the
dullness of this/winter in Washington. Hew to kill time when
oit duty was a problem. I remember that we of Company 1)
killed a number of evenings while in Camp Knox by meeting in
first one tent one evening, the adjoining one the next, and so on
Gc
973
M23-
17 5
WASHINGTON. 15
through the lino of company tents, to while away time by obliging
each occupant of the lent we mot in to tell the story of his life.
And a meager story-telling fare it was, on the whole. A few had
something to tell, as Amaziab Hunter, who had been a coastwise
sailor, so could, tell of storms and cities ; and Amaziab told true
stories. I think — something that cannot be said of all mariners.
For 1 remember that, before the war, while " working on the
road " one spring, we had a sailor with, us, one that had abandoned
the sea and taken to agriculture. We led him into telling us of
his adventurous life, and as he told of years spent here and there,
a wicked member of our easy-working crew of road tinkers kept
tally of the different periods, all unknown to the ex-sailor, who
was blasphemously enraged when gravely called to account for the
fact that, though lie professed, to be hut forty years old by the
family Bible, lie was certainly over one hundred years old by the
total of his own account of his years of various adventure.
There was a great deal of homesickness this winter, and no
wonder. Accustomed hitherto to family surroundings and fra-
ternal sympathy, now huddled pell-mell into a great; room, with
an unaccustomed diet — though a plentiful, a rough one, wh.cn
compared with a home one — without accustomed privacy, sternly
required, to keep the hours- by drum tap and bugle call, it is no
wonder that most, if not all, of the men were homesick. The
symptoms were not noisy ones, neither sighing nor crying ones,
hut the eagerness with which letters were looked for, the hours
spent in letter- writing, and the almost childish delight with which
a box from home, tilled with cakes and pies made by loving hands,
was received, attested that to "the minds of our men there .was
"no place like home."
That many of the regiment succumbed to even the slight hard-
ship of this barrack Jjfe, and that many more succumbed to the
sterner hardships of the Peninsula campaign, and had to be dis-
charged from service, is no reflection upon their manhood. For
in nearly all cases their inability to undergo the unavoidable hard-
ships of a soldiers life, whether in barrack or camp, was the result
of some constitutional weakness, hitherto unsuspected perhaps,
now coming to the front to take advantage of the low spirits and
flaccid physique of the victim. And it must not be forgotten that
the percentage of enlisted men discharged during the first year, if
mu in the first two years, of the war, was not larger than that of
16 THE STOBY OF ONE REGIMENT.
officers resigning. Indeed, it was but very little more diOicuit for
an enlisted man to get discharged than it was for an officer to
resign. The doctors were not yet callous, and the fact that a poor-
fellow was pining for home was considered a fair enough reason
for recommending his discharge.
It is a matter to note that very many of those discharged early
in their terms of service could not reconcile their consciences
to remain citizens, but reenlisted in our own and other regi-
ments.
The prevailing diseases in the winter of 1S62 were infantile
ones ; mumps, measles, and whooping-cough. This was not
peculiar to our own regiment. General "Viele says rather extrava-
gantly of the Eighth Maine, of his brigade, that they " caught
the mumps and measles to a man/' ■ He accounts for their doing
so in this wholesale manner by concluding that "in the pure air
of the pine woods where they came from these diseases of child-
hood had never prevailed'" — an erroneous conclusion, as we
know, for the majority of us had found just these diseases preva-
lent enough at times in the same pine woods. And a comparison
of note? shows that many regiments from other Stales suffered
from these diseases equally with those from Maine — not only
from the States of the North but from those of the South, from
Maine to Louisiana, from the pure air of the pine woods to the
malarial air of the Gulf. For General " Dick " 'Taylor, the first
colonel of the Ninth Louisiana Eegimenij sta'testhat these diseases
were a particular scourge, not only in his regiment, but in the
whole Confederate army that lay in camps along Manassas that
winter. And the carefully considered statement lie makes of the
causes and deadly effects of these apparently trivial diseases tells
our own experience so happily that we quote it : "Drawn almost
exclusively from rural districts, where the families lived isolated,
tlie men were seourged^ivith mumps, whooping-cough, and
measles, diseases readily overcome by child hood in city popula-
tions. Measles proved as virulent as smallpox or cholera ;
sudden changes of temperature drove the eruption from the sur-
face to the internal organs, and fevers, lung and typhoid, and
dysenteries followed!" Yes, and death followed too often, for
the mortality in the Eleventh Maine was very large, numbers of
our boys dying that winter from these very causes and effects.
"We will close this hasty sketch of the Cirst months of our army
p
WASHINGTON. 17
. ..
service, a sketch intended to be suggestive rather than complete,
by recording a few incidents and anecdotes of general interest.
Captain Mux field's diary notes, under date of March 11, 1862 :
" Company K left in the evening to guard Chain Bridge, Com-
pany D to guard part of a regiment of Zouaves that had become
4^-- somewhat insubordinate/' And after a record of days of drills,
firing blank cartridges, and of dress parades and inspections, he
notes, March 21st, that we had a division review by General Casey
and staff ; and later on notes another review by Generals Keyes
and Casey, and Governor Sprague of Rhode Island, when fourteen
regiments and three batteries were reviewed.
Maxfield had not yet forgotten what day of the week Sunday
come5 on, for he notes. March 23d, that he attended divine service
- ri the parade ground in the forenoon, a funeral service on the
same ground in the afternoon, and went to a prayer meeting in
C barrack in the evening.
Many of you remember the Stone Hospital, our division hospi-
tal, a large stone house surrounded by trees and shrubbery-filled
grounds. And you remember what a sightly place it was. I had
almost forgotten tins until I read in MaxfieM's diary that it com-
manded a view of Washington and of the Potomac as far as Alex-
andria. What a beautiful picture must have been spread before
the beholder from here ; especially in the night time. ~No wonder
Maxfield was stirred into poetic thoughts while standing guard at
this hospital one night, and, as he said in a little poem be then
composed-—
'• Watching the distant camp fires fade,
The city lights expire/'
Adjutant Pennell was a very popular ofiicer, especially so with
the First Sergeants of the regiment. To show their appreciation
of his uniform courtesy , tfooy made up a purse and bought a hand-
some black horse and a fine sword to present to him. The pres-
entation took place on the parade groined. It was entirely unex-
pected by the Adjutant, lie received the handsome encomiums
of the presenting sergeant with unaffected emotion, and returned
his thanks in a hearty little, speech, then backed the bounding
war-horse, and, 'Hashing the blade in the sunlight, gave his ad-
mirers a living representation of the accomplishments of a gallant
cavalier.
Lieutenant Budge, of D Company, wishes to have it recalled to
2
Gc
972
M2E
17 E
18 THE STORY- OF ONE REGIMENT1.
those of us who passed the winter on Meridian Hill that he com-
manded a detail from the regiment that, under the direction of the
Provost Marshal General, seized, and spilled into the gutters of
Washington, some thirty thousand dollars' worth of ardent spirits.
It would be interesting to have added to these figures a compnta-
^^, tion of the value of the number of gallons of such fluids spilled by
the men of the regiment during its entire military history-— spilled
from canteens and other fluid receptacles ; especially of the num-
ber of dollars' worth spilled by the reenlisted men on their famous
furlough in the winter of 1861.*
Life in Washington passed as briefly indicated until in March,
when preparations were made for moving '%'on to Kichmond."
So eager were the men to make this movement, many of them
fancying it would bring about an immediate ending of the war,
that they chafed at the unavoidable delay that lack of transport
service occasioned. Many considered the delay pusillanimous.
patriotically declaring for an immediate taking of Richmond and
1 %/ o o
the hanging of Jeff Davis, that all the farmers of the army might
get home in time to attend to their spring planting. And when
there was one false start, the regiment in line, with baggage
packed, and all ready for the word of command, then was order,''
back to quarters, there were curses loud and deep, even had-been
deacons using language that would have shocked the sisters. But
when our band jocularly struck up, "Wait for the wagon, and
we'll all take a ride/'good nature was restored, proving that music
indeed hath soothing charms.
-An event of the winter was the funeral of General Lander, He had he >>i
& prominent figure it) the operations before Washington in the fall of 1861.
He died Jylarch 2, 18G2. His funeral was a great military pageant, one in
which the Eleventh took a marching part. The long procession of slowly
marching troops keeping step to the mournful music of the bands, the solemn-
faced crowds that lined the sTreets, the heavily draped coffin on which lay the
dead man's hat and sword, while behind it was led his spirited war-hor.<e—
all these accessories gave a touch of grandeur to the scene, few thinking that
the sad-faced soldiers were mourning less for the dead general than for the
weariness of their feet, tired and sure from marching over the cobblestoru a
the streets of Washington were then paved with.
P"
CHAPTER III. .
BEFORE YOEKTOWX.
Planning the Campaign — The Embarkation — On Board the Constitution
—The First Hostile Shot— Newport News — Young's Mills — Engage-
ment at Lee's Mills — Siege Operations — Evacuation of York town,
The winter had beer, passed by President Lincoln and General
.McClcTian in forging the gigantic war machine that hammered
at the gates of Richmond for so many campaigns. And as .they
fitted its parts together — brigades, divisions, and corps ; horse.
foot, and artillery — they debated the better way of using it. On
one point only was President Lincoln, strenuous, that, whatever
route was taken towards Richmond, Washington should be cov-
ered tea certainty — that no risk should be run of the capital fall-
ing into the hands of the rebels. Whether MeClellan moved
directly on Manassas, where the body of the enemy then lay, or,
covering Washington with a force in tire Shenandoah Valley,
should make a brilliant ; flank movement by way of Urban a, strik-
ing the York River and fairly turning the rebels out of Richmond,
or should proceed up n\Q James and the Peninsula, was not so
materia! to Lincoln (though lie preferred the direct route), so that
it moved quickly and surely — always perfectly guarding what he
wisely considered a vital political point — the capital of the coun-
try. That taken, and the rebel flag flying from bhe Capitol
building, what effect might it not have— not only on the people
of the North, but ori t^e onlooking nations — strengthening the
enemies of the Republic both at home arid abroad ?. Finally, a
council of war was held. It decided in favor of theUrbana plan.
eight of the twelve division commanders voting for this movement.
Of the eight, Hooker, nnavoidabh' absent, was represented by our
afterwards brigade commander, General Naglee.
Almost immediately after the holding of this council, and the
day after President Lincoln had formally -approved its action by
issuing General War Order No. 3, dated March Sth, the rebels evac-
uated the Manassas line, and fell back to the south bank of the
Gc
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17 E
.X
20 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Rappahannock, taking a position calculated to enable thein to
oppose any movement by way of Fredericksburg, the lower Rap-
pahannock, or Fortress Monroe. General Johnston, their com-
mander, established his headquarters at Rappahannock Station.
This change of position on the part of the rebels, a change to a
point so much nearer the proposed line of operations, made Gen-
eral McClellan doubt the feasibility of the Urbana plan.
Another council of war was held, this time at Fairfax Court
House. It was composed of General McClellan and the four com-
manders of the four army corps that had. been just organized :
McDowell, Sumner, Heintzelman, and Keyes. This council's
decision was to abandon the Urbana plan and adopt the Peninsula
one. with the b-ise of operations on the York River, the possession
of tli.' entire dames River by the rebel gunboats making that route
an impossible one at the time. The action of this council was
approved by the President on the 13th day of March, and on the
17th the embarkation began at Alexandria. Heiutzelman's corps
(the Third) led the movement, the others, except McDowell's (the
First, which remained behind to guard Washington), following to
Alexaa &?' embarking as transports could be procured for
their .;; ,- c iac urn. But so inadequate was the transport service
that it was not until in the afternoon of the 28th day of March
that our brigade, now the Third of General Casey's division of
the Fourth Army Corps, was actually en route for Alexandria.
arriving near there in the evening and bivouacking for the night
within a mile of that coy.
Tins was a. hard march for green troops, unaccustomed to
hcaw marching order, carrying more, too, than the phrase implies ;
for. besides guns, equipments, and forty rounds of cartridges, the
knapsacks were not only stuffed with the ordinary kits of soldiers,
but were laden with theremains of civilian wardrobes and the
knick-knack accumulations of a winter's garrison duty.
Reveille awoke us on the 29th of March, 1862, to see a spring
snowstorm, half-rain and half-snow, beating down. Then fol-
lowed a day of discomfort, and another night on a. wet camp-
ground. And it was nut until after another day. one spent in
marching ami halting in mud aboul four inches (\(.xcp, and of the
consistency of soft hasty-pudding (vide Maxiield's diary), the rain
failing slowly nearh all the time, that we reached the wharf in I
midst of a heavy thunder shower, having passed over a distance
Gc
972
M2E
17 5
BEFOBE YOKKTOWX. 21
of a liule more than a mile during the (lav. Glad enough were all
to vet on board the transport Constitution, with all its discomforts
of Wet decks, on which the men must sleep, and closely together ;
(our regiments of our brigade — the Eleventh Maine, the Fifty-
sixth and One Hundredth Mew York, and the Fifty-second Penn-
sylvania—with Regards Battery, crowding the five-decked steamer
| y to its utmost capacity.
'/ According to Dunbar's diary we left Alexandria about eight
o'clock in the forenoon of March 31st, moving down the river until
eleven o'clock, when we went aground ofl Aequia Creek, where,
despite the efforts of the steamers State of Maine, Daniel Webster,
ami .Kent, we remained fast tintil seven o'clock in the morning of
April 1st. And it was only after our regiment was temporarily
liken on the Kent to lighter! the Constitution that the latter
steamer was got oif the bar.
We arrived at Fortress Monroe, the evening of xiprii 1st, where
we dropped anchor. The next forenoon we were ordered to land
at Newport News, to which place we were taken by the steamer
Hero. In steaming across the bay the masts of the sunken war-
ships o(y -, ": ■"t^n standing above* the surface of the water, sad
reminders <:mc great naval combat that had so lately taken place
in this beautiful bay.
Soon a chmd of smoke rolled out from a rebel battery off
So wall's Point, announcing the coining of the first hostile shot.
It fell so far short of our steamer that the tell-tale spray or
water its plunge threw into the air Was received by us with a yell
of derision.
Landing at about noon, the brigade marched two miles and
went into camp, where it remained for a few days owing to lack
of wagon transportation. It was here that the men first went on
picket, and Captain Max gold's diary records that there was a rush
among them to go on this duty ; probably as great a one as there
was in later years to escape such service.
The 6th of April our regiment proceeded to Young's Mills, sit-
uated near the James River, at a distance of from ten to twelve-
miles from Newport News. We occupied the log barracks that
rebel troops had occupied the previous winter. The regiment
was paid oif the 5th of the mouth, ami where they had learned it
is a mystery, but. if did seem as it the men of every company of
tlie regiment were adepts in the mysteries of the game of poker;
22 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
for wherever vou went through the thick woods surrounding the
barracks, you would come across groups of men squatting around
the tops of hard-bread boxes laid on the ground, and hear such
mystic phrases as <e Ante up or leave the board,'" ''It's your deal/"
"Fil raise you five cents.'' "1 see you and go you five better."
Some of the men lost their available fortunes in a few hours at
the game, then would borrow a quarter from some friend, and
y perhaps regain all they had lost, only to lose all again before
nightfall.
j While at Young's Mills we established a picket post at Young's
house, on the James, about two miles from camp. This was an
abandoned plantation mansion : typical large rooms, surrounded
by the remains of a beautiful flower garden and once well-kept
grounds. From here our men first fired at the enemy. They
were on the rebel gunboat Tiazer, a small one-gun craft, that had
participated in the naval battle of Hampton Iloads. This craft
justified its name by keeping just out of rifle range in its steaming
up and down the river in observation of our positions. We
fired uselessly at it, elevating our sights to their highest degree-
in the hope of reaching the. tantalizing craft, but always in
vain.
"■'-V'
Lieut en e^^'f^n bars diary records that one day the Tcaicr
shelled \ ,../H3ket post, and Private M. 3. Berry, of II Company,
writes that the first engagement of Company II was with the
Tcazer. The company was on duty at (< Mcintosh Landing,"
on the James. Comrade Berry writes : Ci There was a high sand
bluff, on which we were stationed as pickets. The gunboat came
down near us, and some of the boys eOmtmeneed living at her.
The tide was out, and tlie most of the company were on the mud
flats digging clams, and when the gunboat opened fire with her
big rifled gun, Die way tji.e. clam-diggers made the sand fly climb-
ing the hunk to take to the woods was a caution. I am pretty
sure they left a lot of caps and other loose gear along their line of
retreat."
Maxlield's diary : "The boys killed a great many cattle, pigs,
and fowls, bringing them in with other things." I have a recol-
lection myself of eating fresh Peninsula beef here, and that it
tasted most vilely of the wild onions the cattle browsed on.
McPherson, of Company EI, relates that he had an opportunity
of showing his skill in the culinary ait br roasting a good-sized
Gc
973
17 5
I BEFORE YORKTOWN. 23
porker, by banging it up in front of a fire built in a stone fireplace
with a log chimney.
The 17th of April we rejoined our division, now in position
before Lee's Mills, situated on the creek known as the Warwick
River. General Kcyes reported of this line of defenses, now held
by the Confederate?,, as follows: "It was nine miles long,
, >tvonidy fortified by breastworks erected along nearly this whole
W distance behind a stream, or a succession of streams, nowhere
fordable, one terminus being York town and the other the James
River, where it was commanded by the enemy's gunboats." He
adds : i: Yorktown is fortified all around with bastioned works,
arid on the water side and at Gloucester Point the works are so
strong that the navy are afraid to attack either."
Magruder states in substance that around Yorktown the old
embankments thrown up by the British in 1781 were substantially
revived by him, and that works — redans and curtains — were thrown
ii] » outside of these lines. To the west of these works the War-
wick River takes its rise, and flows in a southerly direction to the
. dames. There were two mills with dams in the Warwick —
Wynne's Mills, three miles from Yorktown, and Lee's .Mills, (i\q
and a half miles farther ctowrj the stream. Three additional dams
were cons:/ ■■-■'■■•' ;>-oy the Confederates, making five in all. These
dams hauS&^rt'lfect of backing the water up, rendering the passage
of the Warwick impracticable for artillery and infantry for three-
fourths of iis length. Each dam was well covered by artillery
and earthworks,
Tiiis formidable line of defense was not anticipated by our
generals ; who, indeed, did not know of the strategic value of the
line of the Warwick at all, really supposing, from an antiquated
map they based their advance on, that the Warwick ran parallel
with the roads leading up the Peninsula, instead of crossing them,
as it really does. And rfwvas not until April 5th, when Keyes
advanced with tin divisions of Smith and Couch to sweep around
Yorktown and irain a position between it and Williamsburg, while
Heintzelman advanced on Yorktown itself with Porter's and
Hamilton's divisions of the Third Corps and Sedgwick's division
of the Second Corps — if was not until this attempt to envelop
Yorktown was checked by the works on the Warwick, especially
was even dreamed oi.
24 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
We were not directly engaged in the siege operations. These
were conducted by General Barnard, Chief Engineer of the Army
of the Potomac ; by General Barry, its Chief of Artillery, and by
Genera] Fitz John Porter, *' Director of the Siege/' whose division
guarded the trenches, and largely provided the working parties
that pushed the approaches forward. The work of our division,
and that of the other divisions to the left of Yorktown, consisted
■j0*" in opening and corduroying roads across the marshes and in mak-
ing reconnoissauces of the ground beyond them in preparation
for the general attack to be made on the completion of the siege
works,
The following extracts from MaxftekFs diary will give an idea of
the life led while waiting for the general advance : "April 18th.—
About midnight whispered, orders were given to turn our and load
oar rifles, put on our equipments, and then to lie down with
them on."
•'April 1.9th. — About midnight we were turned out ready for
action. It was probably caused by the heavy firing we could hear
in the north. We were soon sent to our quarters, where we lay in
harness ready to turn out at a moment's notice. The firing was
kept up the resjLof the night. v
" April .•?"-■".--— iiegiment sent out a mile and a half as reserve
picket^ " Ifree o'clock p.m. It commenced raining about then,
rained snower-like until about ten o'clock. We passed the night
in a dense forest, without, any projection but that afforded by
woolen blankets stretched over poles. Were not allowed to build
fires/'
" April 22d. — Remained in the woods until four o'clock p.m.,
when we were relieved. There were two showers in the afternoon. "
"April 23d. — Our company (C) detailed to work on the road
towards Yorktown. We had to cover the entire road with logs,
and some that we put i^vere two feet through."
'•April 24th. — Regiment received tents; small shelter tents for
two men, each man carrying half a tent when on the march."
"April 28th. — Five companies of the regiment sent on picket
Our company (G) placed in advance, two and a quarter miles
from camp. From some of the posts a fort with a rebel Hag flying
over it, and soldiers drilling near it. could tie seem"
4f April 29th. — Got in from picket about eleven o'clock a.m. and
were informed that we were to be inspected by our new brigade
c
72
29
75
BEFORE YOllKTOWN. 20
com ti lander, Brigadier-General xsaglee, at two o'clock p.m. The
companies fell in at that time, but it commenced raining, and we
were ordered to oar tents. It soon stopped raining, and we were
ordered out to make a recoimoissance beyond our picket line. A
line of battle was formed in the woods, and Company A was de-
ployed in skirmish line, and sent across a clearing, the regiment
following. Two shells were fired at us from the opposite side of the
clearing, both passing over our heads. "
Xcwcomb's diary describes this engagement as follows : " Com-
pany A deployed as skirmishers, with D as a reserve. These
companies moved across a field and through a point of woods, up
within sight of a fort, the battalion following. Another fort
opened on the battalion, throwing; two shells over it. The skir-
mishers were now under a heavy fire of musketry and shell from
both forts. The object of the movement having been effected, it
was to unmask the rebel line of defense, General EFaglee ordered
a retreat/'
Company J), with the writer in its ranks, followed the skirmish
line as its reserve, marching by company front, trying to keep a per-
fect alignment. Keeping step as if on parade, we crashed through
bushes, quite \v -taunted until a shell came screeching towards us.
It fell sonv: -"' ,mty feet before us, burst in a cloud of smoke, and
the piec(' ^dit flying into the air. "We heroes waited with open
mouths for half a minute perhaps, certainly long enough for ail
danger to have passed, then at one and the same time we each
arid .ail. as if by a common impulse, threw ourselves on the ground
and, digging our noses into the soil, lay there fur another full half-
minute, before arising to march on our dignified way. I am told
by one who was with the battalion that the experience of D
was largely tit at of the entire regiment.
It was in this recoimoissance that the first man of the regiment
was killed— Private Andrew 0. Mace, of Company A. As the first
comrade killed, his body had a fascination for all of us as it lay in
camp, and few of us but were awe-struck as we looked upon the
waxeu face now drained of blood, but yesterday blooming with
health a lui spirits.
Although our camp was a mile or more from our picket line,
and the intervening space wa*s covered with tliic-k woods, there was
a ludicrous fear that night fires might attract the attention of the
enemy to our undoing, mmxiield remembers one nmbt that Com-
.
'2Q THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
j.ki!;y 0 was doing camp guard duty, a duty intrusted to first one
company and then another, during tin? early part of this cam-
paign. It was a cold, mist) night, and the men around the guard-
tent thought a little lire would make them more comfortable, so
they started one ; a little one with a weak flame that would not have
shamed that of a candle. But small as it was it served to impart
a touch of cheerf illness to the gloomy surroundings. The men
were cuddling around it when the officer of the guard rushed
down upon them and kicked the brands of the fire right and left,
while sternly rebuking the temerity that risked building a fire in
the face of the enemy. Fred. W. Carnon, one of the guard, sat
silently in. the gloom for a few moments after the departure of the
officer of the guard, then blurted out, '-'Well, if we can't have a
fire we'll have a sons-'/' and beiom to siinr a, sons; that he described
in a preamble as having thirty-live verses, each verse exactly like
every oilier verse, except the last verse, which was a repetition of
the first :
" O ! the horse he crossed the road,
The horse he crossed the road;
And the reason, why he crossed the road
Was because he crossed the road."
lie roared thisdogsgi 1 in his mighty voice, a voice subsequently
put to its legitimate mc, that of exhorting heavily loaded mule-
teams through de* s of Peninsula mud. Its volume speedily
disturbed the nervous officer of the guard, who came flying to the
guard-tent to close the singer's mouth, crying that the noise would
rouse the enemy, two miles away.
The Peninsula campaign was the apprenticeship of the men of
the Army of the Potomac. They learned many things about war
during its progress, and one thing was, that cam]") fires were com-
fortable necessities day aha night, in no way affecting the strategy
of the campaign, and no more did the roaring songs we heard
around them, or the noisy frolics we participated in within the
ihiming circles of warmth and light of innumerable camp lires.
.{hiring this time our engineers, though slowly, were surely com-
pleting their batteries, and it was finally known thai on the 5th of
May the nearly one. hundred Parrott guns, mortars, and howitzers
that would !>e then mounted within ranges varying from fifteen
hundred to two thousand yards of Yorktown would open and
973
17 5
BEFORE YOBKTOWK. 27
continue to \)our destruction until a grand assault would seem
practicable. Unfortunately* the expectation that the fleet would
be able to take position as floating batteries had not been realized.
The excuse seems to have been that the unexpected appearance of
the Merrimac made this cooperation impossible, as the greater
part of our naval armament stayed in Hampton Eoads watching
.«.— _ that vessel. But the gunboats that were on the York River did
not seem to relish getting within the rebel range. Indeed, instead
of aiding the army by an early bombardment from their guns, it
is of record that the fleet preferred waiting for the land batteries
to dismount the rebel cannon bearing seaward before taking an
active part in the siege.
But the rebels had no idea of waiting for bombardment and
assauft. They had taken this line of opposition rather to gain
time needed to gather troops; into and to throw up lines of earth-
works around Richmond — to strengthen their army and their
defensive positions generally — than with any hope of making a
successful resistance at Yorktown. Having gained a much-needed
month by their boldness, and shrewdly surmising what a few days'
further delay would bring upon them, early on the morning of the
4th of May, after an unusual cannonade of our lines during the
previous night, they abandoned Yorktown and the line of the
Warwick, and retreajgi up the Peninsula to Williamsburg, where
e1 ;
4?
CHAPTER IV.
- TO THE CHICK AHOMIXY.
»■" ■— The Pursuit of the Confederate Army— -Battle of Williamsburg — A Ter-
rible Night— Going over the Battlefield— Colonel Plaisted— The
Chickahominy at Last — General Tviglee's Reconnoissance to the James
i — Crossing the Cliickahoiiiitiy-— Established at Fair Oaks.
I
It Was a fine May morning, that; of the 4th, when we learned
that Magruder had evacuated Yorktown the night before. We of
the rank am! file considered ^fagruder the commander of the
rebels before us, though really General Joseph E. Johnston had
been in command of the Confederate defense since about the
1-ith of April.
Our army was in quick pursuit, Hooker, Smith, Kearney,
Conch, and Casey following; Stonemams cavalry and horse artillery
in direct pursuit, while the commands of Franklin, Sedgwick,
Porter, and Richardson went on board transports and moved to a
point on the fight ba*i.k of the Pamunkey. in the neighborhood of
Tv 'iiite House Lamlingx 'Vjie idea was that the other divisions should
press on the heels of ih ,, \eing rebels, and force them to turn and
light, while Franklin's <k ./.mand should hurry to a position that
would enable them to cut the rebel army oft from Richmond.
Franklin reached near the White House after some delay, landing
the morning of the 7th, but for various reasons this flanking
movement was not productive of the anticipated results, failing to
disturb the Confederate retreat to any considerable degree.
In the early morning of the 4th of May our brigade crossed the
rebel line at Lee's Mills. Maxiield's diary: " Went across a creek
in a ravine, both sides of the ravine covered with fallen trees,
then we came to the rebel earthworks, which were strong."
Xewcomb's diary: te One man in the Fifty-second Pennsylvania.
was killed by the explosion of an infernal machine. We passed
several in the road that were guarded. In passing one Con federate
encampment, we saw several scarecrows that had been put up by
the rebels." Morton's diary : " The rebels are retreating from
before Yorktown and we are advancing, finding shells buried in
973
17 5
TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 29
the road to blow lis up. One killed and live wounded of the Fifty -
seeond Pennsylvania by this means. 3>
As the different commands of our army moved forward, they
converged on the road leading from Yorktown to Williamsburg,
with the result that this road was soon packed with horse, foot,
and artillery, all pushing eagerly forward, and without overmuch
regard for rights of way. Company 1) held the right of the regi-
ment, so that its members were pleased auditors to a conversation
iset ween Colonel Caldwell and the irate commander of a regiment
the Eleventh had unceremoniously displaced. The commander of
the displaced regiment was evidently, by his manner and seat in the
saddle, a regular officer, which then meant, among other things,
an officer with larsfe ideas of his own importance as a trained
military man, and small ones of all volunteer officers.
" Sir," roared he, lading up to Colonel Caldwell, " how dare you
march across the head of my command : "
Without answering him, the colonel looked at him in his large,
placid way, much as a mastiff look? ad a snarling terrier.
'•Do you know who I am, sir?" yelled the angry com-
mander, now douMy enraged at the elaborate indifference and
the apparently stuJpKl silence of our colonel. "lam Major So
and So of such and \ -h a rega incut." i
"And I," answer! fcolonel Caldwell, smiling blandly, touch-
mg his cap with military courtesy as he spoke— "and 1 am
Colonel John C. Caldwell, eomnianding the Eleventh Begiment
ui Maine Infantry Volunteers, and am quite at your service, sir.'"
Speechless with rage, and fairly gasping at the approving haw-
haw we country bumpkins gave at the Colonel's answer, Major So
and So backed his horse a little, turned him, and galloped away in
as furious a state of mind as any gallant major ever rode in.
* Tiic whole of this brig-lit May day was spent by the infantry in
mareMng and halting, wnile the cavalry pressed forward on the
heels of the fleeing enemy. Towards night the regiments went into
bivouac. Then the men scattered fur foraging purposes.. The
inhabitants had mainly lied bo Richmond, perhaps naturally, they
consisting of women, children, and male antiquities generally.
McClollan's report states that every able-bodied malt' of the Penin-
sula was in the ranks of the rebel army. The refugees went
hastily, evidently. 1 remember one hou ie from which the occu-
pants had iled just as they were about to seat themselves to a.
SO THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
meal, apparently, for the table was spread with dishes and un-
touched victuals. Loading themselves with food and furniture
from the deserted houses, the hoys returned to camp. Max-field's
diary : "We stopped for the night eight or nine miles from our
starting-point. Having left our shelter-tents, blankets, overcoats,
and knapsacks in camp, we had nothing but fence rails for shelter,
and the night being rainy, we passed a somewhat sleepless night.
Had it not been for our fires we must have suffered greatly."
My particular group of D slept that night on a captured feather
bed, which we spread on the ground and fitted out with sheets,
quilts, pillows — all the accompaniments. But, alas ! the heavens
opened and the rain descended, so that before morning our downy
nest of the evening before was about as comfortable a sleeping
place as a bed-tick tilled with mush and milk would have been — a
soaked, oozing, nasty mess.
In the morning we pushed forward in a heavy rain, marching
over roads cut up by artillery wheels, and punched full of holes by
the hoofs of innumerable horses. We very soon heard the Battle
of Williamsburg progressing in front, while we, wet to the skin,
plodded on our miserable way.
Let us see wJiat )[axfield\s diary tells of this day : ee Leaving our
camping place quit! ,'Virly in the morning, we advanced two or
three miles toward k * roaring cannon. We then halted in the
woods, where we rema* -1 until in the afternoon, when our brigade
was ordered to reenfofce General Hancock. We arrived near
enough to his brigade to hear it charge at about live o'clock. We
marched three or four miles from where we had stopped in the
woods, passing through fields, woods, ami a deep ravine, above
which was a strmig, deserted earthwork. We stacked arms in the
open held for the night.'"
As it is no part of our- purpose to describe events in which we
did not actually participate, we will briefly state that the Battle of
Williamsburg was fought by Hooker's division of the Third
(lleiatzelman's) Corps, assisted later in the day by Kearney's
division of the same corps, and by Hancock's brigade of Smith's
division, and by Peck's brigade of Conchas division of the Fourth
(Reyes's) Corps. Longstreet commanded the Confederate de-
fense.
Hooker attacked on the left in the morning, fighting against.
heavy odds until about noon, when Kearney reimforced him, and
972
17 5
■
TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 31
later in the day Couch, who sent Beckys brigade into action.
Hancock moved on the right, and finding the works on Cab Dam
Creek entirely unoccupied (you remember the slippery pathway of
slime leading through them — Maxfield's "deep ravine, above
which was a strong, deserted earthwork "), and relying on Smith's
promise of a brigade to support his movement, pushed forward
■&>.» into action. But for one reason and another, all immaterial here.
Hancock was not reenforced until towards night, when General
McClellan arrived on the ground, and ordered General Smith and
General Naglee — three brigades — to push forward to Hancock's
support, who was now heavily pressed. We moved forward
rapidly and zealously, but before we could reach Hancock that
brilliant commander had, by feigning a retreat, led the opposing
enemy from their intrenehmenU into the open field, where with
a few heavy volleys he stopped them, then charging with the
bayonet routed and dispersed their column, capturing some five
hundred men. We arrived only in time to witness the overthrow
of the enemy and to give the victors generous cheers.
Taking position in line, we stood to our arms through a cold,
•wet night entirely without fire and almost without food, our nearly
empty haversacks tarnishing us a very scanty supper* Haxfield
wrote- of this night ; V*' We stacked arms and stood by them all
night. It rained r |1. midnight, then the stars came out. We
were wet to the %k\ without blankets, tents, or overcoats, and
were obliged to run about to keep warm ; a hard thing to do, as
the mud. was several inches deep/'
It was a night to remember ; but in the morning, the dreaded
morning, when all that long line of earthworks, beyond which lay
the old city of Williamsburg, must be carried — in the morning
our chilled blood was not only warmed by a brilliant sun, but by
the knowledge that %ke Confederates had evacuated these intrench-
ments too, and were still falling back towards Richmond.
The supply trains had been left behind when leaving the lines
before Yorktown, and when enterprising wneou-masters did get
their trains towards the front, they were compelled to give way to
hurrying troops and artillery. It now became necessary to await
the coming of these but lately despised trains ; for soldiers, to
march and fight, must be fed, and you might as we'll try to get
fight out of empty cartridge boxes as out of empty haversacks. A
few days then were of necessity spent before Williamsburg by the
Gc
973
17E
62 THE STORY- OF OXE REGIMENT.
Army of the Potomac, to rest the exhausted troops and to replen-
ish empty cartridge boxes and haversacks. These few days were
mainly passed by our men in taking a first sight of the horrors
of war.
Xot only our own wounded were there, but the enemy's as well,
left behind in the care of their surgeons in the hurried flight of
^^~ the rear guard, that had made the stand for delay at Williams-
burg. Cut, hacked, shot — dead and dying — a sorry sight there
was in the barracks Confederate troops had occupied during the
winter, now used for hospital purposes. And out on the field
was a worse one. Dead bodies lay where they had fallen, and as
they full ; some in the act of loading, some as if firing — those that-
had been shot dead in their tracks. Others lay flat on their
backs or v^crc curled into tortuous shapes, staring stonily. How-
ever hardened we became afterwards, the most indifferent by
nature were visibly affected by the grewsome sights of the bloody
field of Williamsburg.
To add to the horrors of the scene, the woods in which the
greater part of 'Hooker's fighting had been done caught fire,
blazing magnificently in the night, and every now and then the
roar of an unexpired shell (old us when the fire had reached it,
and often the fiisi.y'de of the cartridges of some castaway cartridge
box would be hear! | It was rumored that many wounded were
still lying in the re|. ;h of the fire, and there were whisperings of
the terrors of their position, but it became known later that the
careful search of the ground the rescuing parties had made during
the day had made it impossible for any wounded men to be left
on the field of battle.
The 9th of May we were again on ihe march, but moved slowly,
the roads being few and narrow* Of tin's day's march I find the
following in Maxiic^'s diary : " May 9th. — Left our camp ground
before Fort Magruder at half-past seven o'clock in the morning.
We passed through Williamsburg about fwo miles from Magruder,
where we had the distinguished honor of seeing General McCIel-
lan, and the pleasure of giving him three cheers. We advanced.
ten miles farther, and stopped for the night in a beautiful wheat-
field, and found plenty of water in a ravine near by. It was a
pleasant day, and the road was good, running through a beautiful
country. We had fifty-five in our company (0) when we started
in the morning, and only twenty-eight at night; the rest had
c
72
7E
TO THE CHICKAHOMINY. 83
straggled.*5 And in iNewcomb's : " May 9th. — The day was a
very hot one, and. we marched very rapidly, halting but once, and
then hut for a short time. Many fell out and did not join us
until the next morning.55
Mai-field : "May 10th. — Still pleasant. We marched about ■
twelve miles and stopped for the night in a wheat-field."
„.^~~- The brigade did not move again until the 13th. Maxfield's
diary : " May 13th. — Colonel Caldwell left as, having been made a
brigadier-general. Lieutenant-Colonel Plaisted assumes com-
mand of the regiment. We started at seven o'clock in the morn-
ing, but as a great number of troops were marching it became
necessary for us to lie by the roadside most of the time, so that it
was two o'clock in the morning of May 14th before we reached
New Kent Court House, a distance of only ten miles."
Our line of march was now about parallel with the course of the
lower Ohiekahominy, something of which the marching column
were not aware, we supposing that our objective point, which we
knew to be Bottom's Bridge, was the nearest point on the Chicka-
hominy. Through this ignorance much undeserved wrath was
expended on the seemingly elusive stream. " How many miles to
the Chickahominy ?f| would, be the cry to a roadside party of
gaping negroes. i(\ ~\ miles, sab," would be the answer — the
distance from the ai| issrhig darky to its nearest cat-fish hole,
"How many miles to\,. Je Chickahominy ?" would be the cry to
another wavside African, after an hour of march insr. ''Six
miles, sali!" And then there would rise a yell of profane dis-
gust, for how we could march steadily towards a river for an
hour, supposing we were marching towards it, and yet be two
miles farther from it than we were at the beginning of the hour
stumped our arithmetic. The brigade remained at Xew Kent
Court House during*May 14th, 15th, and 36th, it raining nearly
al! the time.
-Neweomb's diary : " May 15th. — The companies were addressed
by the new colonel, and told what was expected of each grade of
oflicers." (As Maxlkld was taken sick with a fever, and had to be
sent to a hospital, Iris diary will not serve us for some time now.)
Morton tells us that on the 17th of May we marched six or seven
miles, bivouacking near Baltimore Cross Beads, lie states, for
May 19th, that we " camped near the woods," presumably at Balti-
more Cross Roads, "lie notes for the 20th that a detachment went
34
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
y
out from camp on an expedition in tLte forenoon, ami for the 21st
that the regiment moved forward about two miles.
General McClellan states that his advance reached the Chicka-
hominy May 20th, finding that both Bottom's Bridge and the rail-
road bridge a mile above Bottom's had been destroyed by the
enemy, and that Casey's division immediately forded the river,
occupying the opposite heights. McClellan also states that on
the 20th of May General jSTaglee pushed a recomioissance to within
two miles of the James River.
My recollection is, that it was a recomioissance of I) Company and
a piece of artillery that showed that the railroad bridge had been
burned, and that we had a merry exchange of grape with the
enemy's artillery across the river, here about forty feet wide,
fringed with a dense growth of forest trees, and bordered by low,
marshy bottomlands, varying from half a mile to a mile in width.
Then, when Gem' ' Naglee crossed Bottom's Bridge, L>, with
another company t. nfantry and a squadron of cavalry, followed
General Naglee foi iome miles along a road that led through
White Oak Swamp t- the dames River.
We touched the enemy's cavalry but once in the reconnoissance,
and quickly formed at a bridge to receive the anticipated charge.
It not coming, General Naglee crossed the bridge witli his cavalry,
ami charged the enemy, the General at the head of his little force,
scattering the enemy in every direction but ours. We then
marehed on again for some miles, when the infantry wont into
position at a big farmhouse on a commanding hill, arid General
Xaglee and the cavalry rode away towards the James River. It
was said that they watered their horses in that river before return-
ing to uz, which they did in about an hour. We then made a
rapid retrograde movement for Bottom's Bridge, marching back
by another road fchan that we had taken in advancing, by this
sharp maneuver escaping the attentions of a body of gray-coated
gentlemen who had assembled at a point on our line of advance
to give us a- taste of Southern hospitality on our return march.
For May 23d Morton set down that the regiment crossed Bottom's
Bridge near night.
McClellan states : " The rest of the Fourth Corps (Casey's divi-
sion having crossed the river (lie 20th, according to his report)
crossod the Chickahominy the 23d of May. under command of
General Keyes." lie telegraphed the War Department on the
V
1
i
TO THE CHICKAHOMIXY. 35
-
21st : "I hare three regiments on the oilier bank [the Richmond
bank] of the river, guarding the rebuilding of the bridge.'' As
MeCIeHan seems to have given our brigade the advance, probably
the regiments of our brigade, other than our own, were across the
\ river, and were the ones referred to.
Our regiment was left encamped before the railroad bridge until
the 23d, detachments of 'it crossing and recrossing the Ohicka-
hominy, on such service — fatigue, guard, or reconnoitering duty —
as was placed upon them, as were detachments from the other
regiments of our division not already encamped across the Chicka-
hominy. 1757932
General McClellan states that on the 24th of May General
Xagloe's brigade dislodged the enemy from the vicinity of. Seven
Pines, Securing a strong position for our advance. The credit of
O O 1
the day belongs to the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania,
and to General iS^clee, who had a horse killed under him in the
action, lie gaim £reat credit for his intrepidity. I remember
the pride with w\% i we listened to the encomiums of the mem-
bers of a Pennsyhl tia regiment of Couch's division on the gal-
lantry and daring with which Xaglee led his men into the action.
McClellan also states that on the 25th of May, under cover of a
movement by Genera! Kaglce, the whole Fourth Corps took up
and began to fortify a position at Seven Pines. On the 28th his
record shows that Casey's division was moved forward to Pair
Oaks, three-quarters of a mile in advance of Seven Pines, leaving
General Couch at the works at Seven Pines. General Casey
immediately began a new line of rifle pits and a small redoubt for
six held guns to cover tiie new position.
We were engaged in constant skirmishing and picket service
until May 31st, when the. Battle of Pair Oaks was fought.
W nile the left wing had been crossing the Chiekahominy, and
advancing to Fair Oaks Station, the right wing iiad been pushing
up (he Peninsula by way of White House, reaching Hanover
Court House on the same day we reached Pair Oaks. The
extreme right was swung so far forward, as a contemplated feature
of the campaign was thai. McDowell should move from before
Washington, cross the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg, and march
to Hanover Court Souse, where a junction could be made with
McClelland army: doing, in fact, for McClellan what Jackson
did for Lee by about the same road a few weeks later. McDowell
.
S
B6 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
was at Fredericksburg-, and had actually taken up his line of march
for Hanover Court House, when the bold movements of "Stone-
wall " Jackson in the valley occurred. Jackson swooped down on
Schenek and Miles, of Fremont's corps, and beat them before
Fremont could reach them with re enforcements, then united with
Ewell to pounce on Banks, driving him to the Potomac. The
result of this bold movement was that McDowell was turned hack
by the War Department, and McOlellan was advised by a telegram
from President Lincoln that he must not look for help from
McDowell.
CHAPTER V.
TfiE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS.
B
Tiie Situation of the Divisions of the Army of the Potomac — The Rising
of the Chiekahominy — The First Day of the Battle — The Pickets —
The Second Day of the Battle — Colonel Plaisted's Report — List of
Casualties.
The positions of the Union divisions on our side of the Chieka-
hominy the morning of May 31st were as follows : Casey's, extend-
ing from the n>ht of the Williatnsburff Road, and at right angles
to it. its center at Fair Oaks ; Conch's, at Seven Pines, to the rear
and right of Casey's, supporting it ; Kearney's, along the railroad
from Savage Station to the railroad bridge: and Hooker's, on the
border of White Oak Swamp. These were the only divisions of
our army that had vet crossed the Chickahominv.
General l.k- in command of the divisions of Casev and
i
('unci). Heir fe^tffan directly of those of Kearney and Hooker (divi-
sions of his own corps) ; but, as the senior officer present, Heintzel-
man Lad command of all the troops on our side of the river.
Casey's line was covered by a six- nun redoubt and a line of
-
rifle pits, both in an unfinished condition. Naglee's brigade, when
in position, was in advance of this redoubt, its line extending
from the Williamsburg road to the Garnett field. Spratt's bat-
tery took posit ion with Naglee's brigade. General Wessels's brigade
lay in the rifle pits to the right and rear of the redoubt, and Gen-
eral Palmer's in tfc* rear of Wessels's. One battery was in rear of
the rifle pits to the right of the redoubt, one battery in rear
of the redoubt, and another battery was unharnessed in the
redoubt.
During the day ami night of the 30th of Maya very viol
sturm occurred. The rain, falling in torrents., rendered work on
the rifle pits and redoubts impossible, made the roads practically
impassable, and threatened the destruction of all the bridges
across the Cliickahoininy. So rapidly did the Chiekahominy—
thp drain of a vast territory- v'u ■ influence of the storm
that on the morning ot tin- 31st it wa - almost impassable to troop3
38 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
and artillery. Its fords wore flooded, and those of its bridges not
swept away were submerged. The knowledge of this, and that
the wings of our army were separated by the swollen torrent, led
the rebels to advance with confidence to the assault that General
Johnston had the day before ordered to be made upon our posi-
tions in the morning of the 31st — ordered after a forced reeonnois-
sance had given him a fair idea of the positions we occupied, and
the force with which we held them. Although their attack was
intended to begin early in the morning of the 31st, the rebel
troops were not in position until some hours of the day had passed,
and it was nearly noon when the divisions of D. H. Hill, linger,
and Longstreet swept down on Casey's position " with a fury new
to war.''
The only companies of the Eleventh Maine in camp when the
battle began were A, G, and F. The other companies were on the
picket line, as was Colonel Plaisted, who was acting as Genera]
Officer of the Day. The companies of the regiment remaining
in camp (A, Captain Libby ; C, Lieutenant ~\\~v:-,t ; F, Captain
Hill) were led into action by Major (soon Lieutenant-Colonel)
Campbell, a brav< - vtni intelligent officer. Colonel Plaisted
reached the fj ' ,m the picket line soon after the battle begun.
and took comtena of the battalion.
The movements of the enemy, as reported by the officers of the
picket line, for a. day or two had shovn that the rebels were mak-
ing ready to attack, the picket lighting increasing steadily in in-
tensity until, this day, it sounded almost as if a general engagement
was in progress. And early in the morning of the 31st, men ol' 1)
Company had captured Lieutenant Washington, of GreneralJohn-
ston's staff, at a point indicating that the anticipated movement
was now on foot. So threatening were all the signs that General
Keyes gave orders to have all his troops under arms and in }><.;:-
tion by eleven o'clock, directing Colonel Bailey, his Chief of
Artillery, to have his batteries fully manned.
Scarcely had the troops and batteries moved into position, when
the left of the picket line was forced back, and though imme-
diately reenforced by the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania,
the pickets on. the left broke, and fell to the rear of the One Hun-
dred and Fourth; and, the rebels pressing forward against the
brigades of Palmer and Wessels, these troops soon melted away,
leaving the left and rear of our brigade open to attack. -Mean-
THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS.
while General Yaglee was hold nig his ground before the redoubt
with all the vigor of his stubborn nature. He was everywhere,
his gray eyes blazing with excitement, his strident voice heard
above the roar of battle, begging, ordering, imploring his men to
stand tip to the support of the battery, which was hurling grape
and canister into the advancing masses of the enemy. Nor was
I he alone in his efforts, for General Casey rode tip and down Ids
lines that day, bare-headed, his long gray hair floating over his
shoulders, encouraging his men by voice and example to a heroic
resistance.
About one o'clock General Casey ordered the One Hundredth
New York, One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, and the
little battalion o! the Eleventh Maine to charge. Dashing into
the open field, these regiments pressed forward, so vigorously as
to force the first line of the enemy back, Spratt's battery aiding
them by hurling shells over their heads into the rebel ranks.
But it was of no use ; the left of the division line, with the rein-
forcements sent by Couch, had now fallen away. Colonel Brown
of the One Hundredth Xew York was killed, Colonel Davis of the
One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania was wounded, half the
men in action ,' ..-owd or wounded, and the charging line fell
back, pressed. V- -rvYely by the enemy that Sergeant Porter, tin;
left guide of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, was
struck across the neck by a musket in the hands of one of tin;'
rebel pursuers.
General Yagiee ordered his men to retire into the intrench-
ments with the battery. One of the guns had to be abandoned,
as the horses were all killed. The other guns were got into tl
intrenchments, the infantry following, while the batteries of Fitch
and Bates opened on tine pursuing rebels with grape and canister,
and with such terrible cfeet that, though facingthc 'ire again and
again, the rebels were forced to fall back from each effort.
As our slim brigade line was reforming in the intrenchments,
the rebels advanced on the open left and rear of the redoubt a
took position to command if. Their fire was now most fatal.
Colonel Pailey was shot through the head just as he was giving
the order to spike the guns if they must be abandoned ; Major
Van Yalkenbure', his second in command, was killed a few
moments later ; his adjutant, Rumsey, was wounded, and the
batteries were without a directing officer until General Yaghw
40
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
took personal command of tho*a.rtillerymeu and inspired them to
vigorous work until forced to abandon the guns to the now in-
pouring- enemy, only succeeding in getting off a part of the guns
of our brigade battery, Regan's, and these only by the men
supporting the wounded horses to keep them from falling in their
traces.
As the redoubt was abandoned, the rebels rushed into it and
•turned the captured guns upon the left flanks of the Fifty-sixth
New York, Fifty-second Pennsylvania, and the Eleventh Maim-.
These regiments had taken position in the rifle pits, to cover the
retreat. "This," writes a historian, "with the fire in front, was
not to be endured"'; and after, as General MeClellan reports,
"having struggled gallantly to maintain the redoubt and rifle pits
against overpowering masses of the enemy/' these regiments were
withdrawn from the intrenchments, and, with the reinforcements
remaining in the field from Couch's division — regiments of the
brigades of Devens and Peck, both of these generals giving Kaglee
gallant {support through the daw- took position along the Nine
Mile road, about throe hundred yards from the Seven Pines,
which trees stood at the junction of the Nine Mile and "William ;-
fourg roads.
General Couch, in attempting early in the afternoon to person-
ally relieve the prcssurvhn Casey's right flank with four regiments
of Abercrombio's h ' .do and a battery, became heavily engaged
and was forced to*' .'■ the right to near the Chiekahominy, where
he took position W cover the Grapevine Bridge, and as gallantly
as successfully opposed all attempts of the rebel left, under General
(}. W. Smith, to interfere with the head of General Sun
column as it came across the Ghickaliomiji) to our assistance.
While Generals Naglee, Devens, and Peek, tinder direction of
Generals Keyes and ^asey, were holding their positions on the
Nine Mile road with such troops as they could get together,
Kearney's division came into action, General MeClellan says, at
nearly five o'clock. Phis division bad remained all this time on
the railroad near Savage Station, listening to the roaring progress
o( the battle. At last, the long-delayed order to "forward "
reached them. Birney's brigade was ordered to move up the rail-
road to support Keyes's right, hut was halted by Kearney before
getting into action, while Berry's brigade and the two regiments
of Jameson's, under Jameson (he sending the other two regiments
THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS.
41
of his brigade to Birney), pushed to bhe support of the hard-
pressed left. Both of these commanders, Berry and Jameson,
made gallant efforts to stem the tide, aiding materially in holding
the enemy in cheek. Berry pushed his regiments through the
woods until his rifles commanded the left of our abandoned camp
and the Sank of the pursuing enemy ; but, soon finding himself cut
oil, he fell hack towards White Oak Swamp, where Hooker lay
unmolested.
Jameson found his two regiments overmastered on the Wil-
liamsburg road, and he, too, fell back towards the swamp. To
anticipate a little, Berry, Jameson, and Hooker moved their com-
mands to the rear and gained our new line of defense near Savage
Station during the night.
The en-my was now advancing in masses down the rear of the
position held by Naglee, Devens, and Peek, compelling tkein to
order a retrograde movement, which was continued in fair lighting
order, the retreating lines turning frequently to cheek the boldest
pursuers with withering volleys. In this way the shattered regi-
ments arrived at a new line of defense. This was along the od^c
of a wood, about a mile from the lost intrenchments, a line the
general officers selected as one at which to make a last desperate
stand. Here were rallied fragments of regiments and of com-
panies, groups and sagads of men, and many a man now lighting,
liko John Burns ;/ (ieltysburg, entirely on "his own hook."
But such as they ; ,' they served, and, as General Webb Bays iu
his history of ihv Campaign : "-Casey, Couch, Kearney, Birney,
were all represented, and the men stood shoulder to shoulder in
the fading light."
Do you remember that line, the last Union bulwark of thai fatal
day. the gathering, blessed, darkness the exhausted, powder-black-
ened faces to the rigli and left of you — faces hard set in firm
determination to make one last stand for the bullet-riddled flags
Hying over them ? The hoarse, hard-riding officers wore galloping
their foaming horses up and down, while rallying the stragglers,
leading from the rear groups and squads of men who had aban-
doned the day, bat whom the fierce upbraidings of the pursuing
officers shamed into returning to the field. And yonder, what ?
Exultant masses of victorious rebels forming to break our list
stand ? No, as it proved ; only a chaotic mass of exhausted bri-
gades and regiments, that Naglee's tierce defense of the outlj
42 THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT.
line, and the stubborn re-i?tanee of Dovcus, Peck, Berry, and
Jameson, had battered and bruised out of any desire to make the
immediate forward movement without which their victory was a
barren one. Nor must we forget what we owed to Sumner's
prompt crossing of the Chiekahomiuy, his men half-wading over
the submerged Grapevine Bridge, and to his vigorous interposition
of the Second Corps between the rather hesitating advance of the
rebel left, under General Smith, and our ill-used corps. Night
fell without the expected onslaught, and by morning the whole
Union army was facing the force that the divisions of Casey,
Couch, and Kearney alone had fought the day before.
Of the part the companies of the Eleventh on picket took in
the battle there does not seem to be any report other than that
of General Phdsted : but I take it that the story of I) is in
substance that of all up to the time their picket line was broken,
and will therefore tell its story here from information furnished
by First Sergeant Brady of that company.
I) went on picket the evening of May SOth, occupying the
extreme right of the line (as it was the right company of the regi-
ment), an entirely unsupported position. The men passed a
a miserable night, watching in darkness and storm, sheltering
themselves as they best could and still remain alert, for all the
signs pointed to an Arly attack : the pressure of the enemy's
skirmish line, the r ;.jn movements of their troops, and the fad
that they must eiC ./dislodge as or Jo^e Richmond. Towards
morning the storn^ .ascd, and the day broke with the promise of
clearness. Soon Lieulenant Washington, of General Johnstou's
staff, rode unexpectedly into the Line of D, having mistaken a
road, in carrying orders to some rebel command. Quickly halted,
he ruefully yielded himself a prisoner, and made an unwilling
way to General Gase}^ headquarters. The capture of lieutenant
"Washington made the pickets doubly alert. Besides, General
Xaglee himself, who rode our to their line to make observations,
warned them that they were liable to he attacked at any moment.
Soon after Xagleo Ic'lt. great activity was displayed by the rebel
pickets in the immediate front, and sharp jacket lighting took
place during the forenoon. A little after noon the roar of the
attack on the left, was heard. If was uncertain what the piel
should do. Lieutenant Johnson and Corporal Aeene moved out
on the right, to learn, if they could, wbatforce, if any, guarded
THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS.
43
their flank. They found it entirely open until they reached Gen-
eral Couch's small force, covering the Grapevine Bridge. After
this they were occupied in giving information concerning the
movements of the enemy and the bearing of the roads to General
Sumner's aids.
Sergeant Brady had been left in command of the company by
Lieutenant Johnson. Shortly a rebel line of battle appeared,
moving towards the line held by D. Under Sergeant Brady's
orders, some of the men began to barricade the road they centered
on, by falling trees across it, the others keeping up a rapid fire on
the enemy, to give the idea by their boldness that they covered
a line of battle. This rase succeeded to an unexpected degree,
the rebel line of battle halting, throwing out a strong skirmish
line, and making an elaborately cautious advance. Of coarse
their skirmishers easily flanked our forlorn pickets, and, curling
them back in spite of their stubborn resistance, finally scattered
them through the woods.
Before the rebel onset, Sergeant Brady, realizing by the sound
of \hc buttle that they were cut off from camp, had carefully
cautioned the men to make their line of inevitable retreat towards
the right and rear ; and, fortunately for most of them, they followed
these orders, reaching Sumner's line in safety.
This is the story o'y the Battle of Fair Oaks, so far as the
Eleventh was concerii 1 in it. As it was our first battle, and was
a great battle too. j| I would suppose that some diarist of the
regiment would ha' /particularly noted the movements of the
regiment during the day ; but none seems to have done so. Dun-
bar hardly mentions it, and Morton simply tells us this: ,;:'i<.
enemy commenced throwing shells into camp about noon. After
being held as a support, we conic to the front by order of General
Xaglee, where we stopped until a retreat was ordered. About
then 1 got a musket hall in my side, then I got to the rear." But
the calmest and mosl indifferent record in any diary is in thai of
Corporal John Lary, of Company !f- he noting under date of
June 1st: "A day of rest after a hard fight/' Only this, and
nothing more !
Captain Newcomb, then a sergeanl in Company 0, furnishes
the most circumstantial story. His dian states: uJn t as we had
finished our dinner of vegetable soup, two shots from the rebels
came whistling over our heads. We were soon in line and march-
/
44 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
ing to the front. Tiie first effect I saw of the heavy tire was a
riderless horse dashing past lis, and then some of the men of our
three companies were wounded. General Naglee rode out in
front of us and beckoned us on. We advanced to a fence, where
we first fired, and we continued to fire until a retreat was ordered.
After retreating one and a half miles, and some of the other com-
panies coming up, we bivouacked hear the spot on which we
encamped just a week before."
The fact is that, as it was our first battle, the men had no expe-
rience to compare it with, so just took it as a fairly sample engage-
ment, about the sort of thing they must often go through, all in
the day's work, and nothing to make any particular fuss about.
The regiment did not take part in. the second clay's fighting.
The second day was not a very serious fighting one, anyway. In
fact, the rebels had failed in their purpose by the night of Ma}
31st. Longstreet and I). II. Hill had performed their task fairly
well, which was to crush Casey and Couch, though the) had
shattered rather than crushed them, these divisions still showing
a bold fighting front at nightfall. And in attaining so much of a
triumph, Longstreet's and Hill's commands had sustained such
losses as unfitted them for further immediate aggressive work,
linger had entirely failed in his attempt to advance down the
Charles City road Ujj|il he should reach a point opposite the rear
of our left flank, \* J?n he was to press in as soon as we seemed
fully occupied in/ font. He failed to march to the position
assigned him, the fn four of Ins six brigades did go into aeti
later in the day ; too late, though, for the success of his part of
the plan, had he tried to carry if out, as bj then our left had
swung, and been forced too far bark to have enabled him to reach
our left rear. And^Qeneral G. W. Smith, commanding the \
right, who was to engage our reinforcements crossing the Chicka-
hominy by the upper bridges, and if he enc »n itered no resistance
in making this movement was to engage the right of our <5orp
line, did not go into action until three o'clock, when he only s
ceeded in cutting Couch, with AbercromlnVs brigade and a batl
off from their division, driving them into a threatening position
on Ids own flank ; and before Smith cou}C\ drive Conch oui of tin-
way he was himself driven back by the advancing columns of the
Second Corps.
That the rebel commander, General Johnston, was severely
THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 45
wounded about sunset of the 81st may have had a hearing on
the next day's lighting, but it had none on the result of the Blst.
The battle of that day had been fought by then, and so far from
a victory was it for. Johnston that the military chances are that,
had he not been wounded, he would have withdrawn his troops to
/within their own intrenchments before morning; for lie would
have known that during every hour of that night reenforccrnents
were crossing the Chickahominy, and that by morning he would
have nearly all the divisions of the Army of the Potomac before
him.
When Johnston was wounded the command devolved on G. YV.
I
Smith, who seems to have possessed neither timely boldness nor
wisdom, for he did not attack as promptly on the 31st as he should,
have attacked. Nor did he retreat that night, which he should
have done, but remained on the held and attacked Richardson's
division, with heavy columns the morning of June 1st. He v. us
repulsed after an hour and a half of severe fighting, attacking
again after an interval of half an hour, to be finally routed by a
charge on his left and rear led by General French m person, the
exact movement that linger failed to perform the previous day on
our left and rear. The enemy now retired to within the lines of
intrenchments they had sallied from the morning before.
We will round out oJ|r story of our part in the Battle of Pair
Oaks, by adding Cob.' .'1 Plaisted's report to brigade headquarters
of the part taken in/ pv the companies of the Eleventh. Tin t
it is a warmly wri S report, differing entirely from the tisna]
cold and formal statements of military movements making up
such documents, makes it none the, less readable.
k
■ Headquarters, Eleventh Regiment
I Maine Volunteers,
Near Sj:vj:x Pines, Va., June 2, 1862.
Of the pari taken in the battle of "Seven Pines'" by my regi-
mentj on the 31st ult, 1 have the honor to n port :
I was on the pickel line near the Williamsburg Road, ;
noon of the 31st, being General Officer of the Pay, when ourpick-
- cts were attacked by the enemy and driven in. I met General
Casey soon after emerging from the woods, lie immedii
ordered out the Eleventh Maine and the One Hundredth Nr<
York. Returning to my camp, opposite General Casey's head-
quarters, 1 met three companies of the regiment, under the com-
/
46 THE STORY OF OKE REGIMENT.
maud of Major Campbell, already in motion for the scone of
action, viz.: Companies A, Captain Lib by ; 0, Lieutenant West ;
and F, Captain Hill. The balance of the regiment ($e\on com-
panies) were on picket. Taking command of the battalion, I
moved it up the Williamsburg road a short distance, halted and
loaded under a scattering tire, happy in having the opportunity of
bringing my men under fire gradually. Orders then came to move
my regiment up- and support Captain Spratt's battery, then hotly
engaged on the right of the road, about two hundred yards in
advance. I moved to post my companies on the right of the bat-
tery, as it was supported on the left by the One Hundredth New
York. To avoid shots directed to silence the battery, I filed to
the right across the road to the woods about one hundred and
fifty yards, and, under cover of the woods, advanced in line of
battle to the front until opposite the right of the battery, then by
the left flank to my position — about thirty yards fvon^ the rig]
the battery ; losing, in thus getting into position, but two men
wounded. I ordered my men to lie down behind a ridge that pro-
tected them, and reserve their fire until the rebels emerged from
the wood-1. Soon after, General ±\aglce rode in front of in;
amidst a shower of bullets, and ordered me to charge. With the
greatest enthusiasm the order was obeyed. With the One Hun-
dred and Fourth Pennsylvania on my rigor, we advanced aero? .
open space two or three hundred yards to the fence, and not more
than fifty yards from the woods, where wc opened fire. We n
tained oar lire and our position until two-thirds of my commissioned
officers and one-half my little battalion were either killed or
wounded, my Hag perorated by eleven bullets, flagstaff shot away,
and the supports n-'r h my right had left. Then, reluctantly, I
gave the order, " In at." I retreated to my old camp-ground with
the remains of n- Ibree companies, and, after a little while,
retired 10 the '■ !N\ ../Mile" road, one hundred yards to the n
where I supposed the rally would be made. Twice the shatl
flag was raised to rally the fugitives of other regiments, but only
those who stood by it before would stand by it now. fn good
order we retired to mar Savage Station, when.- I hear;! n- ;
tenant-Colonel Jourdan, commanding the Fifty-sixth New York,
that four of my companies thai were on picket volunteered to
light under him.* That gallant officer report-' of them as fol
"I would most especially call the attention oi the Command-
ing General to the detachment of the Eleventh Maine Volun
—four companies, under Captain Spotford — who were withiny
regiment during the engagement, and behaved nobly and rel
from the held in good order; but not until compelled by superior
forces/'
Those companies were: B, Captain Cole; (x, Captain Spof-
ford; }l. Lieutenant Fuller; ami K. Lieutenant Mudgett.
Company D, under command of Lieutenant Johnson, did •
/
THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 47
service during the day, in capturing Lieutenant J. Barrall Wash-
ington, aid-de-camp to General Johnston, and sending him in to
headquarters. They held their posts until forced to retire, with
a loss of one killed, one wounded, and eighteen missing. Some of
the hitter will doubtless report themselves.
My remaining companies that were on picket, viz., Company
E, Lieutenant Sabine, and Company I, Captain Merrill, in all fifty
men, occupied the extreme right of our picket line, and the good
conduct of the officers and their -commands was so conspicuous,
and the services they performed so important, it gives me great
pleasure to call particular attention thereto. They maintained
their picket line during the entire day, and, it may be, saved Gen-
eral Sedgwick from being surprised by a flank movement of the
I enemy while lie was hotly engaged in front.
Before nightfall a rebel brigade of four or five regiments, with
scvera] hundred cavalry, advanced through a wheat-field towards
the rear of Sedgwick's position, while the latter was doing such
splendid execution with his batteries, seemingly with the intention
of passing through the woods where the two companies were
posted, and attacking him in the rear. The two companies
assembled at the edge of the woods and tired upon the advancing
rebels, tumbling ihrec officers from their saddles. They then
retired to the woods amid a shower of bullets, still watching the
enemy's movements, and. sending immediate notice to Sedgwick.
They" maintained their picket line across the woods during all that
grainy night without rations, taking a number of prisoners.
(Lieutenant Johnson of Company D, with a few men. was also
with them.) In the morning they returned to their regiment with
not a man missing, h' 'ging with them as many prisoners as their
own companies nun/ 'red. These companies, du ring the whole
dav, were watch im ' & rebel movements from -trees and other con-
spicuous points, i daring the heavy firing were in ignorance of
the slate of the battle, knowing only that they wore out off from
their camp, until a scouting party, sent out for the purpose,
reported the position of Sedgwick's forces. By maintaining their
position, thus leading the enemy to suppose them heavily sup-
ported, they may have prevented an attack, and certainly a sur-
prise, upon that general's force. Such devotion to duty as was
exhibited by Captain Merrill and Lieutenant Sabine aid their
commands is deserving of the highest praise.
Were I to name all my officers and soldiers who did their duty,
I should call the roll of "the regiment : but 1 must :n justice men
tion Major Campbell, who distinguished himself for ins coolness,
efficiency, and bravery. When under the hottest lire a! the front,
J directed him to the left of the line to caution the men to fire
lower, lie moved from right to left amidst a storm of bullets.
His calm, clear commands, as he moved along the Jm-;. touching
almost every hie on the back, " Fire lower, boys, fire lower/' "Aim
/
4S THE STOTIY OF ONE REGIMENT.
lower, boys, aim lower,*' can never be forgotten by me. lie was
unharmed.
Captain Hill, who commanded Company F for the day, and
Captain Libby of Company A, behaved with great coolness and
bravery.
I have to report the loss of J. William AVest, lieutenant of
Company C. He fell near the fence where we opened fire. He
was a good officer and an excellent man, distinguished for con-
stant attention to the wants of his company, and especially for
his care of the sick. He was shot through the breast, and died
almost instantly, without a struggle — more happy in his death
than so many of his follow soldiers who have fallen a, prey to Lin-
gering disease in camp. He gave- his life to his country. Who
can do more ? May he be remembered.
Lieutenant Win. 11. II. Rice, of Company C, whose company
was on picket, buckled on a cartridge box, tool: n rifle, an rd bravely
fought in the ranks until borne from the field, shot through the
thigh.
Lieutenants Thomas A. Brann, of Company F; Lewis n. Holt,
of Company A ; and Harrison Hume, of Company I, and Sergeant-
Major Henry 0. Fox are worthy of most honorable mention for
their coolness and bravery. Lieutenant Brann was shot through
the knee; Lieutenant Holt and Sergeant-Major Fox were also
wounded. Lieutenant Hume's good conduct was so conspicuous,
I was happy in having it in my power to make him adjutant of the
regimen!: on the held.
As a specimen of co<j md deliberate firing by my men, I
would mention that when; [rebel color made its appearance out of
the woods, Willie Parker, e Company C, a mere boy, exclaimed,
" That flag must come dowT^-I " Alter taking deliberate aim, seem-
ingly for many seconds, he tired; and "down" can, ;
I 'cannot close mv report without calling the atlent'u n of the
commanding general to the good conducl of my surgeons. Drs.
Late? and Richardson, and to thai of Acting Quarterns
and his teamsters. Through their fidelity and coolness 1 sav<
hospital and commissary stores, regimental books and papers,
under a severe lire thai killed two horses at the door of my tent,
smashing our tents ana wounding two persons. My three wagons
were loaded and moved off. Fifty sick in our regimental hos] I I
were moved to the rear in safety by m) snrgeons, assisted !>;. Dr.
Charles P. Hubbard, hospital steward.
The bravery of my color-bearer, Sergeant Alexander T. Katon,
was so conspicuous,' 1 should do injustice to a brave man, and to
the whole regiment, did I not call particular attention thereto.
He bore our standard braveh in front of the line until ordered to
halt on a line with the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania;
ami when i gave the order, '' Forward to rcral yards
in advance of that regiment, he was the first man to reach the
/
THE BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 49
fence, against which he firmly planted oar flag, moving with the
greatest steadiness amidst such a storm of bullets as it woifld seem
<* do mortal man could see and live." The shattered, and torn con-
dition of the colors attests the terrible lire directed against him.
1 have to lament the loss of a large portion of my regiment that
was engaged. Of the three companies engaged under me, number-
ing ninety-three men, I lost, six killed, thirty-nine wounded, and
seven missing — total, fifty-two. The loss of the picket companies
engaged, under Colonel Jourdan, was seven wounded, twelve miss-
ing— total, nineteen ; aggregate, seventy-one : this not including
ten pioneers who were on fatigue duty on the Chiekahominy and
not yet heard from. Including them, my total loss is, therefore:
Killed, six; wounded, forty-six; missing, twenty-nine — aggre-
gate, eighty-one, out of a total engaged of two hundred and
twenty -nine.
Trusting that the conduct of the Eleventh Maine in the Bat-
tle of " Seven Pines ** was such as will meet the approbation of the
commanding general, I have the honor to he, sir,
Very respectfully,
Your obt. servt.,
(Signed,) H. M. Plaisted,
Col. Comdg. Eleventh Regt. Me. Vols.
To Oapt. Geo, H. Johnsox,
A. A. Gen, Naglee's lb'ig\
Casualties .' Fair Oaks, Ya.. Mat 31, 1862.
Non-commissioned 1 :/<<ff. — Wounded, Sergeant-Major Henry
0. Fox.
Company A:— KiBed, Privates Thomas F. Deray, George W.
Warren. Wounded, Lieutenant Lewis II. Holt; Corporals Elias
P. Morton, George A, Bakemaii ; Privates John A. Bracken,
Daniel A. Bean, Cyrus L. iJiekford Benjamin P. Bibber, Edwin
F. Collins, James H. Dufgin, Samuel E. Keniston, Watson
Keniston, David Morrison, Calvin D. Moore, Charles E. Palmer,
Samuel Warren, Cass Tuck.
Company C— Killed, Lieutenant J. William Wesi ; Privates
Jerry McCarty, John F. Moore. Wounded, Sergeants Adams D,
Plummer, Lemuel E. Xewcomb ; Privates James W. Cole, Rich-
ard Conner, William F. Ehvell, Edwin C. Haycock, Lcander K.
Foster, John McWalter, Joseph M. Mini, on: Derrick E. Nash,
Benjamin D. Willey. Prisoners, Musician Henry E. Gardiner :
Privates William Emery, John McWalter.
Company /).— -Killed, Private Daniel Gray. Wounded, Private
4
50
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
/
Thomas I". Blaine. Prisoners, First Sergeant Robert Brady :
Sergeant Abner F. Bas&ett ; Corporal Freeman R. Dakin ;
Musician Robert A. Strickland ; Privates Matthew P. House.,
Closes E. Sherman., William Sherman,
Company E. — Wounded, Corporal Elias H. Frost.
Company F. — Killed, Corporal James A. Scoullar ; Privates
George Farrow, John Flagg, James Long. Wounded, First
Sergeant Thomas A. Brann ; Sergeants Archibald Clark, Ben-
jamin F. Dunbar ; Privates Franklin N.'Hayden, George W. Ken-
niston, Ellison Li boy, James W. Little, John F. Meseivc, John
E. Morrill, Kelson PL Norn's, David Philbrick, Francis Seotney,
George E. Stiekney. Prisoners, Privates Thomas C. Blaisdel,
Eleazer Wyer.
Company 67.— Killed, Private William II. IF Lodge. Wounded,.
Lieutenant William H. IT. Pice; Private diaries F. Bunker.
Company //".—Wounded, William II. Dill, Henry G. Preseott.
Prisoners, Corporal Daniel M. Dill; Privates William H. Dili.
Seth W. Towle.
Company I. — Prisoner, Sergeant Charles Trolt..
Company K. — Killed, Corporal Willis Maddocks. Wounded,
Corporal Calvin S. Chapman; Privates John F. Buzzell, John
Whiteomb, Jr. Prisoner, Private Henry J. Moore.
Killed. 12 ; wounded, 50 ; prisoners, 17 — total, TO.
CHAPTER VI.
OX THE CHICKAHOMIKY.
A n
Guarding the Bridges — Jacltsou Beenforces Lee— The Battles of Mechanics-
vilie and Gaines Mill — Preparations for Retreat to the James — A
Strange Bombardment — Left at Savage Station.
1
Foi? a few days we remained on the field of battle. During
one of the first nights, as we lay in the edge of a piece of woods,
certain nittles belonging to the Quartermaster's Department of our
arm} were stampeded and galloped in a body along our biouvacking
line of battle, the rattling of the chains of their harnesses,, which
had not been removed when they were unhitched from the
wagons, so resembling the clanking of the scabbards of galloping
cavalrymen that many of the Eleventh, more than will confess it,
were sure that the rebel Stuart and his cavalry were upon us.
For a few minutes the utmost consternation and confusion pre-
vailed, but the truth was quickly known and quiet restored. Of
course, no one was really scared ; still, it is said that during the
misconception some of the Eleventh, and they not all of the rank
and file either, displayed an unexpected aptitude for tree-climbing.
We had occasion to look over the battlefield, for we did not
know how manv of our missing were captured; some might be
i i,
or wounded. It told the same ghastly story of war as had
that of Williamsburg. Our hastily abandoned camp had been
rummaged by the Confederates, and the shelter bents and blankets
taken from it to spread on the wet ground as they lay in line of
battle. The long line of wet, trampled tents and blankets told the
exact position the enemy occupied the night of the first day of the
battle. The kettles still hung over the charred em hers of the
extinguished cook tires, just as they had been abandoned by our
fleeing cooks ; the headquarters tents still stood in their places, the
horns of the band'still hung on the limbs of the apple-trees they
were hanging on when the bandmen hastily became a stretcher
corps. Their music cheered as no more.
in a dav or two wo moved to the rear. Lary's diary notes, for
/
52 ■ THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
June 4 tli : ''Moved back to the Ohickahominy.'' Newcomb's, for
June 4th : -'Notwithstanding the pouring ruin we were turned
out at d a j break, and were soon wading for Bottom's Bridge.
The heavy rains of hours had now swollen every little rivulet
and filled every depression of the fields. We had to ford several
torrents, one of which, was strong enough to take men off
their feet, and but for the help of a rope stretched across the
stream some would have been drowned. Many muskets and
"blankets were lost in the torrent. I stood in the water to my
waist for an hour helping hold the rope. We encamped on the
Ohickahominy at Bottom's Bridge, holding a position covered by
rifle pits/'
Our division now guarded the railroad bridge and Bottom's
Bridge, Couch's division guarding the fords across White Oak
Swamp.
General Peek assumed command of our division at about this
time, General Casey taking command at White House Landing,
our base of supplies on the i'ork River. After the abandonment
of that post, General Casey was ordered to Washington, where he
resumed charge of incoming troops, the work he had efficiently
performed during the fall and winter of 1861-62.
General Casey was not with us long enough for us to know him
as we came to know many other generals, but in the short time he
was with us lie gained the respect of our men, who came to look
upon him as a somewhat abused olUeer, one thai others higher in
command had attempted to make a scapegoat for their own ::!:><;'i-
eoinings. When the retaliated men, after their return from vet-
eran furlough in Maine, were camping on Arlington Heights in
the spring of 1864, with the recruits they were taking hack to the
regiment, then on its way from the Department of the South,
General Casey and his stall rode by the camp. Instantly the
" veterans'" rushed to the roadside, a sturdy body, and. zeal
reinforced by the strong body of recruits, all gave General
Casey three times three cheers at the stentorian command of a
self-appointed leader, who called for them for "the hero oi Fair
Oaks/' The bright smile that beamed on the suddenly i1
face of Casev, as the answer to a few words of inquiry made
known to him what regiment he was indebted to for the unex-
pected compliment, told us thai he had ma forgotten i he Eleventh
Maine. And as the old soldier— a hero oi the Floridaand of the
/
OX THE CHICKAHOMINY. 53
Mexican War, wounded art Ghapultepec — rode away, be bared his
gray head in grateful acknowledgment of our loyal remembrance.
For some days our position was near the bridges. We shifted
our camp once or twice, at last camping not far from the end of
the railroad bridge, near where the Confederate artillery had
stood that D company and a Federal piece of artillery had a smart-
engagement with before wc crossed the Chickahominy. Maxfield
rejoined the regiment the night of June 9th, and noted that it was
then encamped, "about a mile and a half from the Chickahominy/'
and rioted, the 17th, that the camp ground was that day changed
to one about three-quarters of a mile distant — " to higher ground
and nearer the railroad :y ; nearer the Chickahominy, too.
We were occupied in ordinary camp and field work while in
these camps. The following extracts from jvlaxneld's diary will
give a fair idea of its range : "June 13th. — Was detailed on a for-
aging expedition, went four or five miles from cam]), and cut clover
enough to fill four army wagons." " June 22d. — Went out in the
morning after apples and blackberries, then went on picket at a
fort a mile and a half from camp."
And we were settling down into a drilling system, that desider-
atum of regimental commanders, and which they sieze ever}
opportunity to set in motion, for Maxfield notes : "June 24th. —
Company drill from nine to eleven in the forenoon and from three
to five in the afternoon." "June 25th. — Company drill in the
forenoon and battalion drill in the afternoon'' ; adding, "7/
firing towards Richmond during the day and night/1 The beg tu-
ning of the end of the Peninsula campaign had come.
General McClellan states, in his report, that after the battle ■ ■'■
Fair Oaks there was a pause of two weeks' duration in active
operations. During this time the bridges across the Chickahom-
iny were repaired, and the line of works already laid out beyond
Seven Pines was completed from Golding's to White Oak Swamp.
And changes were made in the disposition of the troops. The
front of Seven Pines was heavily reenforced preparatory to moving
on Richmond. On our side of the river. Franklin's corps was
now on the right of the line, covering the Chickahominy and
reaching to Sumner's, with Heintzclman's on Sumner's left ;
Kows's corns in reserve. Porter's corps alone remained on the
left bank of the Chickahominy, disposed in the vicinitj of
Gaines Mill, with McCall's division of Pennsylvania Reserves—
51 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
which, had recoiii.lv come by water from before Washington— -ad-
vanced to and near Meehanicsvitte.
General Lee had been in command of the Army of Northern
Virginia since June 2d. Gathering a strong force at Richmond,
lie planned to have Jackson move swiftly and unexpectedly from
the Valley to the Ohickahominy, uniting with himself to make
a :snd4^» awd overwhelming attack on McOlcllan's right wing —
Porter's corps and McCall's division — crush it, and so cut our
arm}* off from the White House, our base of supplies, thus forcing
us to retreat, down the Peninsula.. Leo does not seem to have
thought of the possibility that McClelian might prefer to retreat
to the James, if be must retreat at all.
The plans of McClellan arid Lee came to a head at about the
same hour — MeCIellairs to advance on Richmond from Seven
Pines and Fair Oaks, and Lee's to drive him from his position
before that city. The " heavy firing towards Richmond during
the day and night/' noted by Maxfield, was occasioned by an ad-
vance of our picket lines on our side of the Chickahomioy, an
advance necessary for the deploying of troops to make the attack
planned for the 26th or 27th, to be made by Franklin's corps on
the rebel position at Old Tavern. The attack was made 1>\
Hookers division, supported by Kearney's, by divisions of the
Third Corps, and by Palmer's brigade of Couch's division of our
corps, and by a part of Richardson's division of the Second Corps,
The movement wasentirely successful, and by night the attacking
force was in position to make a rapid and effective advance. So
much for McClellan's forward movement ; its beginning ami end.
"June 26th, very heavy firing toward Richmond all da;.
night/" notes Maxfield. This was the Battle of Meehanicsville,
the beginning of Lee's movement. A. P. Hill crossed the Chick-
ahominy that morning to cover Jackson's advance, and attacking
McCalTs division, drove in his outposts. Let as Kill was ai
to make any bead against McCali's main hue, and night fulling
with the Union position unshaken, the battle was a virtual Union
victory. But although McCall held his ground at Mechanicsvillc,
this engagement wa.s the turning point of the campaign. Mc( lel-
lan learned positively from ii that what he bad fur some days
feared was now taking place a deserter and spies reporting that
Jackson was marching for the Chickahominy, and (bat Lee and
Jackson were uniting.
y
■
OS THE CHICK AHOMJXY. 55
Far from being surprised by it, McCIellan had been preparing
for just this contingency. Genera] Webb states that some time
in early June McCIellan conferred with General Porter on the
advantages of the James as a base, and the desirability of chang-
ing from the York to that river. The conclusion reached was
that necessity, and necessity only, would warrant such a movement
—a dangerous and difficult one— in the face of such a vigilant foe
as General Lee ; and a disaster would endanger our cause at home
and abroad. Still, for security. General McCIellan had sent a
cavalry force and topographical engineer officers to map the
country from White Oak Swamp to the James, and to obtain all
information necessary to enable him to make a change of base if
need be. And on the loth of June MeClellsn made arrange-
ments for transports, with supplies of subsistence and forage, to
move up the James, under convoy of gunboats. This fleet
reached Harrison's Lauding in time to be available for the army-
en its arrival there.
It was after the 13th of June, the date that Stuart, with fifteen
hundred rebel cavalry and four guns, attacked our cavalry
advance at Hanover Court House, overpowered it, and pushed for
our depots of supply, making the circuit of the army, crossing the
Chickahominy at Long Bridge, and escaping through White Oak
Swamp, that these preparations were made. McCIellan says of
this raid, in his report : " The burning of two schooners laden
with forage and of fourteen army wagons, the destruction of
some sutler's stores, the killing of several of the guard :.i\d team-
sters at Garlick's Landing, some little damage clone at TunstalFs
Station, and a little eclat,. were the principal results of the expe-
dition." Ho might have added that another result was an
increase of conviction in his own mind that our base of supplies
was an easily disturbed one, and that the James, now cleared of
rebel gunboats to Drury's Bluff— our gunboats occupying the
river to that point very soon after Norfolk was evacuated on Apr;!
10th— was the true road to Richmond. It was immediately after
this raid that McCIellan had the conference with Porter on the
possibility of making a change of base.
The evening of the day of the Battle of Mechanicsville, General
McCIellan determined that the time had come to make tin change
of base he had been contemplating and preparing for, as you
I have seen. All his energies were now bent on the task of getting
OO THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
bis immense supply and artillery trains— " stretching for forty
miles if they had been strung out on a single road/' states Gen-
era] Keyes — and his army to the James in the face of a powerful
and aggressive foe. It could not be done in a clay, or two days,
and battles must be fought and won and on their winning
depended the fate of the contest.
Ordering Porter to withdraw McCall from Mechanicsyille, and
to fall back with all his force to Gaines" Mill, to close his left on
the Chickahominy in the best position possible, and to curve his
line to the right in the arc of a circle, McClellan hurried his
preparations for retreat, while Porter fought the battle of Gaines
Mill, to gain lime needed for the trains to move to safety.
Maxfield notes, of the day this battle was fought, June 2?th :
il Heavy firing on the lines during the forenoon and most of the
afternoon; Model Inn's balloon up many times during the day."
The firing of the forenoon was occasioned by Magruder s move-
ments along the front of our line on our bank of the Chieka-
hominy. Lee had stripped that side of all available troops, and
had marched them to attack Porter ; and Magruder, to cover the
weakuess of the Confederates on our side of the river, and to pre-
vent reinforcements from being sent from our divisions to the
aid of Porter, opened a furious artillery fire along our whole front,
using the troops at his command in making threatening demon-
strations, really leading our commanders to fancy that the Confed-
erates had a heavy attacking force in their fronts, causing fchem
not only to declare to McClellan their inability to spare reenfoi -
merits for Porter, but to refrain from making the slightest for-
ward movement, when the weakness of the Confederate line
under Magruder would have been quickly shown. Magruder wi 3
a great military actor, and his peculiar abilities served the Con-
federates well in the Peninsula campaign. Confederate General
"I)ick" Taylor says of him : "Of a boiling, headlong eour;
he was too excitable for high command. Widely known for his
social attractions, he had a histrionic vein, and indeed was fond of
private theatricals. Few managers could have surpassed him in
imposing on an audience a score of supernumeraries for a great
army."v
It was not until two o'clock in the afternoon that the attack
was begun on Porter. A. P. Hill attacked hi- left, followed by
Louo-street on his left, and Jackson on his. Jackson's line out-
A
ON THE CHICKAHOMINY. 57
|
reached and Hanked Porter's ; so fehat3 in spite of Ids being
reenforced by Siocum's division, and by French's and Meagher's
brigades, Porter was forced to move across the river, and by
morning was on our side of the Chickahominy, with all the
bridges destroyed.
The evening of June 27th, General MeClellan called the corps.
commanders together and gave them his final orders. They were
immediately acted upon. Keyes's corps was across the White Oak
Swamp by noon of the 28th (except Naglee's brigade, left at
Bottom's and the railroad bridges), and had seized the high ground
beyond the swamp, taking position to guard the crossing trains
from attacks by Confederates moving down the roads from Eich-
mond. Franklin fell back the morning of the 2.8th from his
advanced position,, repelling an attack while doing so. Sumner
and Heintzelman held their lines till the morning of the29th,
falling back to interior lines that reached from near White Oak
Swamp and curved to the right to cover Savage Station. Porter
crossed White Oak Swamp during the day and night of the 28th,
and took position with Keyes. The whole plan looked to the
final crossing of White Oak Swamp during the night of the 29th.
Our regiment was stationed at the railroad bridge. The story
of the Battle of Gaines Mill was brought to us by the seemingly
interminable army of disheartened soldiers and camp follow* rs
that for hours hied across the bridge, without officers or order,
clamoring that all was lost, thai Jackson was moving swiftly
towards us, crushing all opposition. With a well-manned bat
strongly supported, placed on the hill behind our camp, the
Eleventh went down into the swamps of the Ohickahominy,
remaining there in a long skirmish line for two or three days,
expecting every hour to hear the skirmishers of the enemy crash-
ing through the woods lining the opposite shore of the Ohicka-
hominy, now easily fordable. But we were not attacked b}
infantry.
Newcomb records in his diary, under date of June 28th : " Sev-
eral shells were thrown by both sides about dusk, and about
twelve o'clock at night a piece was fired that brought us all to our
feet. It was horrible work visiting pickets in the dark, tearing
through woods and bushes, and wading through the mud as I had
to/'
While awaiting the momentarily uncertain enemy, men of our
58 THE STOEY OF ONE REGniEXT.
regiment destroyed the railroad bridge. This was considered a
dangerous service, and was assigned to Provost and Pioneer Ser-
geant Dunbar, who received and deserved great credit for the
thorough manner in which the work was done.
Before the enemy, uncertain of MeOlellams intentions, moved
forward at all vigorously— Jackson, A. P. Hill, ant"! Longstreet
not crossing the Chickuhominy until the 29th, delayed by the
necessity of rebuilding the destroyed bridges before their artillery
could cross — before they were across Hie Chickahominy, McClel-
lairs rapidly laid plans had been fully acted on, and the retread
to the James was in full operation ; and so quietly were the com-
plex movements of cur troops made that Magruder, and Huger,
left by Lee on our side of the river to watch McGlellan, only
awoke on the morning of the '39th to the fact that he was retiring
his lines. Then Magruder made his furious attack on Sumner at
Allen's Farm, the position occupied by Couch's division at the
beginning of the Battle of Fair Oaks, and later in the day
attacked Sumner and Franklin at Savage Station, to which posi-
tion Sumner had now retired to join Franklin. In both affairs the
rebels were severely handled by the Union troops. Foiled here,
Magruder, Huge]-, A. F. Hill, ana Longstreet hurried to the
north of White Oak Swamp to gain the roads leading from Rich-
mond, to try and break through our long covering line, while
Jackson pushed on to White Oak Swamp Fridge, to endure the
mortification of being '-stood ow" by a vawHy infers force.
As we moved away from the rains of the railroad bridge the
afternoon of June 29th. the famous train of cars that was lo
with shells and combustibles at Savage Station, fired and started
on its way to destruction, came tearing down the track, and,
reaching the broken bridge, took its mighty header. General
"Pick" Taylor, of the Confederate.-, who was in command of the
troops at the other caul of the bridge, says of this incident thai.
while the Battle of Savage Station was raging in the afternoon of
June 29th, the din of the distant combat was silenced to his ears
by the clamor of an approaching train, evidently gathering speed
as it rushed along. It quickly emerged from the forest, to show
two engines drawing a long string of cars. Reaching (he br I i
bridee, the engines exploded with a terrible noise, followed in suc-
cession by the explosion of the carriages laden with ammunition.
Shells burst in all directions, the river was lashed into foam,
/
0^T THE CHICKAHOMINY. 59
trees were torn for acres around, and several of Taylor's Dion
were wounded.
Xewcomb's diary gives a graphic sketch of the effect on our
pickets: "About four o'clock the colonel sent me down to the
bridge to withdraw the pickets. When I had gone about one-
half the distance our pickets fired a volley, killing ai; least one
rebel, who had stalled out on the bridge in full view. Before I
could withdraw the pickets, the regiment started away. The
pickets on the extreme right of the line were the last to leave
their posts, and we were about fifteen rods from the bridge when
the train came rushing on. We were in anxious suspense as ii
came nearer and nearer to the chasm. We first heard a cram,
and then there was a terrible explosion. Wo tkvew ourselves flat
on tin: ground. The tops of the trees were shivered by the living
fragments, and a lar^c ball buried itself in the mud about ten feet
from me.'"
To this harsh music we moved swiftly away, not halting until
we had crossed White Oak Swamp Bridge in gathering darkness,
and reached t\)<2 high ground beyond. Here we bivouacked in line
of battle, the incoming brigades taking the places of those of Keyes
and Porter, whose brigades were now making a night march to
occupy Malvern Hill and its approaches, the trains pushing cm in
their rear to be placed under the protection of the gunboats as
they reached the river. A sad feature of the retreat was the
necessity, through lack of transportation, of leaving twenry-tiw-
hundred Union wounded and sick at Savage Station. With them
was left a stall' of nearly live hundred surgeons, nurses, and attend-
ants, and an ample supply of stores saved for their use amid the
vast destruction of stores that had gone en fo] a day and a night
at the station.
Among the abandoned sufferers were the following named mem-
bers of the Eleventh Maine : Corporals Seth C. Welch and Thomas
T. Tabor, of Company B; Private Francis X. Elwell, of Com-
pany C : Private Aaron Sands, of Company P ; Private George Ik
Pettingill, of Company G: Private Charles P. Rogers, of -
pany H; and Privates Charles A. Cochran and Adelbert P.
Chick, of Company K.
CHAPTER VII.
WITHDRAWAL TO THE JAMES.
Across White Oak Swamp — Jackson Salutes with Thirty Guns— Naglee's
Yankee Squad — A Battery Arrives just in Time — Buttle of Glendale
— Other Engagements of the Day — A Night March to the James — The
Battle of Malvern Hill — Arrival at Harrison's Landing.
The morning of Judo 30th > exhausted men could he seen lying
fast asleep everywhere — in the fields and (lie woods, on the safe
side of White Oak Swamp, even in the dusty road. All our army
had crossed by White Oak Swamp Bridge, except Rein tzel mail's
command, which crossed farther to the north, by Brack eft's Ford,
destroying the bridge after crossing. From daylight, as fast as
the packed condition of the roads to the James would permit, i :'
troops but those of us who were to form the rear guard of the
(the divisions of Smith and Richardson, two brigades of S
wick's division, and Kaglee's brigade,' all tinder the command of
Franklin, to lie here and. hold Jackson at bay) were moving
slowly to positions towards the next selected position at which to
make a stand — Malvern Hill. That Jackson was on the other
side of the bridge, we knew. The rattle of the skirmishers' v
told us that, and just about noon he announced his presence '■•)
suddenly opening on us with thirty pieces of artillery. One
moment there was nothing above us but a cloudless sky. the i
the air was full of shrieking shells, bursting in white pufl
smoke, and showering down a storm of broken iron. Newconib
notes : ".The scene was terribly sublime."
So startling was the suddenness of the change, it is not strange
that, as the Second Corps chronicler puts it, "there was i
of dire confusion." And to add to it, the men in charge of a
ponton train drawn \w by the roadside, waiting for an opportu-
nity to lumber away, unhitched their mules, mounted them, arid
bed "for the James.
The confusion lasted but a few minutes, and in it the Eleventh
had no share. AVe were lying in the edge of the woods that bor-
WITHDRAWAL TO THE JAMES.
CI
dcred the great cleared field in which the troop? and tains were
massed, and perhaps had an advantage in all being- wide awoke.
At any rale, we were not a bit demoralized. Scarcely a man
started to his feet, all waiting for the word of command. It
came quickly, and from the mouth of General jNTagiee himself,
who, riding up to us and seeing our immovability, while the
troops around us were in evident confusion, could not restrain
his delight at our coolness, as he cried out, " Fall in, my Yankee
squad w ; for the Eleventh was few in numbers now. We fell in,
and, as he proudly led us across the big held to a new position, we
stiffened our necks and neither dodged nor bowed to the storm of
iron beating down upon us. We had made a hit, and we knew it.
Taking position behind the rails of a torn-down fence, the
Eleventh lay listening to Jackson's cannon while watching Haz-
zard?s battery as it swept the AY bite Oak Swamp Bridge with a
storm of grape and canister, that kept even Jackson at bay. The
cannoneers fell one by one — were thinned out until the officers
not yet killed or wounded dismounted and took places at the guns ;
it was whispered that the ammunition was giving out-- we
almost gone — a few rounds more and. the last shell would be tired,
and then Jackson and his thirty-five thousand men would pour
across the bridge and up the heights to learn what sort of stuff
Franklin's force was made of. But this was not to be. Just as
we were gathering ourselves for the apparently fast-coming
struggle, there came a yell from the rear, a sound of desperately
galloping horses, and, with slashing whips. Pe'ttit's guns came
tearing on at the top of their horses' speed, General Naglee, '.vie;,
had brought them from the far rear, leading them into position.
Ours, as did ail the regiments massed in the big Held, rose
cheered Kaglee and the artillerymen as they swept by. Inside of
a minute from their first appearance the guns were in position,
unlimbered, ami were sweeping the bridge with grape and can-
ister.
Away on the left, at Glendale, there was fighting, and hard
fighting, too. Our men were so hard pressed that Frankliu fell
obliged to return to Sedgwick the two brigades that he had bor-
rowed from him. And our first colonel, now General Caldwell,
who had been with us during the day. commanding a brigade .a'
Richardson's division, marched away with his brigade to render
effective service in beating back (he masses of the enemy. The
02
THE STORY OF ONE 11EG1MEXT.
rebels had attacked at several points in their esfOoi'ts to break
through the lines that covered our retreating- supply, ammuni-
tion, and artillery train?, but always unsuccessfully. But not
until about three o'clock did the attack of the day beirin, A. P.
Hill arjd Longstreet charging McCall at Glendalc, and overwhelm-
ing him after a desperate struggle, in which McCall was captured,
with guns and many of his division. But Hooker was on his
right rear and Kearney on his left rear, and their divisions closing
in and uniting with that of Sedgwick, now in McCall's rear, with
three brigades (the two lent to Franklin had now returned), and
Caldwell's brigade and one of Slbcti'm's arriving in time to take
an active part in. the battle, Hill and Longstreet were held in
check until dark. Magruder did not get to their support until
night, through taking a wrong road, ami linger not at all, being
taken off by a misleading message from Holmes, whose division,
drawn from the south bank of the James, did not reach a position
on the .yew Market road until a day later than Lee intended it
should.
Before the attack on McCall, an attempt had been made to dis-
lodge Blecum from his position on the right of the Charles City
road, his line extending to White Oak Swamp and covering
Brackett's Ford. Slocum resisted with a sweeping artillery fire
similar to, and as effective as, that with which wc were holding
Jackson at bay.
Late in the day an attempt was made on Porter, now at Mal-
vern Hill with Is eves. Holmes and Wise moved down I oi
Richmond by the river road, and made a feeble attack : bill the
concentrated fire of thirty pieces of artillery on their column, and
the shells of the gunboats, forced them to beat a hasty and dis-
orderly retreat.
The only other attack of the day was a sharp skivmbh that took
place with the enemy's cavalry mi the Quaker road, an attack
that caused MeClellun to fear other ntfcacks of the sort. Bui tin
enemy was now weak in cavalry, Stuart having remained on the
other bank of the Cbickahorainy to crowd Stoneman down the
Peninsula.
Taylor states that Stuart did not reach the. reb< 1 army until after
the Battle of Malvern Hill; adding: " Had he been brought
over Long Bridge two days earlier, McClellan's huge train on the
Charles City road would have fallen an easy prey to his cavalry
WITHDEAWAL TO THE JAMES.
63
and he could have blocked the roads through the forest." Trie
night of June 80th., after dark, we prepared to retreat from White
Oak Swamp Bridge. The abandoned ponton train was set on
lire, and by its flaring light we fell back, and daylight found us
in position with our own division at Malvern Hill. Newcomb
writes : "We did not move from the field until nearly ten o'clock
at night," and that " daylight found us weary mortals in a large
wheat-field on the bank of the James, not far from Haxall's."
The Battle of Malvern Ifill was fought during this day. Gen-
eral " Dick " Taylor gives the Confederate view of the bat lie.
We quote : " The Union right was covered by Turkey Creek, an
affluent of the James, the left near the river* and protected by
gunboats, which, though hidden by timber, threw shells across
his (Mc(Tellan's) entire left front. Distance and uncertainty of
aim saved us from much loss by their projectiles, but their shriek
and elongated form astonished our landward men, who called
them ' lampposts/ '' After noting that the rebel artillery labored
under a great disadvantage through its inferior elevation, and that
it was brought info action in detail only to be overpowered, lie
adds, of the rebel plan of battle, that it was to be a dual c: mass
and charge," the left attack to be made bv Jackson, the right by
Magrnder, Longstreet and A. P. Hill in support. But it was
late in the afternoon, after three o'clock, before the dispositions
were made, when the orders were for D. H. Hill, of Jackson's
force, to attack with the bayonet, as soon as he heard the chei
Magruder's charge. At about five o'clock, hearing a shoul i
firing to the right, and supposing it to lie Magruder's attack, Hill
led his men to the charge, to be beaten off with serious loss.
Hour brigades were sent to his assistance, but could accomplish
nothing. About sunset, and after Eill's attack had failed,
Magruder led his men forward with a similar result, losing heavily.
General McGlellan describes Malvern Hill by staling thai "it
is an elevated, plateau, about a mile and half by three-quarters of
a mile in area, well cleared of timber, and with several -converging
roads running over it. In front are numerous defensible nv, in< s,
and the ground slopes gradually towards the north and east to the
woodland, giving clear ranges Cor the artillery in those diree
Toward the northeast the plateau falls off more sharply into a
ravine, which extends to the James River.'' He adds : " From the
position of the enemy, his most obvious line of attack would come
6-J:
TTIE STORY OF ONE KEGIMENT.
from the direction of White Oak Swamp. Here, therefore,, the
line was strengthened by massing the troops, and collecting the
principal part of the artillery/'
General McClellan gives his formation from left to right :
Porters corps, the Sixth— Sykes's division on the left, then Mor-
rell's division of the same corps ; then Conch's of the Fourth
Corps, then Kearney's and Hooker's of the Third Corps, then
Sedgwick's and Richardson's of the Second Corps, then Smith's
and Sloeum's of the Fifth Corps, then Peek's division (ours) of
the Fourth Corps. The right extended in a backward curve
nearly to the river. McCall was placed in rear of Porter, where
the weight of the attack was expected to and did largely fall, and
Commodore Kodgers's gunboats were stationed off that flank to
coyer the approaches from Richmond.,
About nine o'clock the enemy opened with artillery, and rebel
skirmishers felt along our line from the left to as far as Hooker.
From then until in the afternoon there was heavy firing by the
batteries of both sides, and a continual rattle of skirmishers'
riftes. with now and then a rolling volley as the troops of the tv o
side? came in view of each other. At three o'clock a heavy fire of
artillery opened on Kearney's left and on Couch's division. This
was speedily followed by a brisk attack of infantry on Couch.
This attack was made by Anderson's brigade, of I). II. Hill's divi-
sion. It charged against the right of Couch, and became em:
with Palmer's brigade (late Devens's), to )n: repulsed, leaving the
flag of the Fourteenth North Carolina in possession of the T] irty-
sisth New York.
At 4.30 o'clock I). H. Hill, under cover of an artillery fire, led
his men into action, attacking Morrell, but Morrell's front was
guarded by fourteen rilled Parrott guns and eleven field pieces
Hill's assault was speedily broken, and his column driven back
with a heavy loss.
About six o'clock Magruder's charge was made. Magruder's
plan was as simple as formidable ; to mass fifteen thousand men,
and charge the batteries and supporting infantry. Hurled againsi
an ordinary lima this mass would have broken through b\ si) r
weight, but, hurled against a concentrated artillery fire and
massed infantry, his brigades and their reinforcements were shat-
ter.: ! before they could reach our lines. McClellan describes
attack and its fate. After stating that a. six o'clock the rebels
WITHDRAWAL TO THE JAMES. 65
opened with their artillery on Couch and Porter ap.aiii, id once
pushing forward their columns of attack, he says : ''Brigade after
brigade formed under cover of the woods, started at a run to cross
the open space and charge our batteries, but the heavy lire of the
guns, and the cool and steady volleys of our infantry, in every
case sent them reeling back to shelter, and covered the ground
with their dead and wounded. In several instances our infantry
withheld their fire until the attacking column, pushed through
the storm of canister and shell of our artillery, had readied
within a few yards of our lines. Our men then poured in a single
volley and dashed forward with the bayonet, capturing prisoners
and colors, and driving the routed columns in confusion from the
I field/' Darkness ended the Bottle of Malvern Hill, though it was
not until nine o'clock that the artillery ceased to fire.
I must confess that 1 slept through most of the uproar of this
battle — slept the sleep of the thoroughly tired out ; and I under-
stand that al! that could of the army did so too. refreshing tired
nature against the hour of need. Many of the troops actually
| engaged had to be awakened to do their brief part in repelling
an assault, and that done, would lie down and fall asleep again.
And I do not believe that even observing Maxfield heard a sound of
I °
I the battle, else his diary note for the day would have been a more
elaborate one than it is : " Arrived where our teams were encamped
soon after daybreak, and,, after taking a short nop, moved u short
distance and stopped in the edge of a wood so as to be in the
shade, remaining there all day/' Newcomb notes: " We lay in the
edge of the woods, as Reyes said, like a snake in the grass.
When darkness sei in, the retreat was continued. The movemeni
was now by the left and rear, Keyes's corps covering it.
Newcomb notes, for July 2d: "We were turned out al one
o'clock in the morning, and told to get our breakfasts. During
the night long trains of wagons were passing us. As soon as it
was daylight we were again in line. About nine o'clock it com-
menced to rain, and continued to pour for twenty hours, with
very little cessation. We were marched hither and thither during
the day. Night found us about four miles down the river. Dur-
ing the day some Western regiments from Shield's division cann
into the field, This little circumstance lightened Our spirits
wonderfully. The main hidden 1 of the da] was the taking •
rebel battery, a short distance from us, at the point of (he hay-net.
6Q THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
It had been firing nearly all day upon our team-. Major Camp-
bell rejoined the regiment from his home, where he had been on
sick leave. He left us at Bottom's Bridge/''
McClellan's new position was selected by Commodore Piodgers,
who declared to him that it would be necessary f or the navy to fall
back from Malvern Hill to a point below City Point, as the river
channel was so near the Southern shore that it would not be pos-
sible to bring up the transports should the enemy occupy City
Point. Harrison's Landing was in his opinion the nearest suit-
able point.
As indicated by Xewcomb, troops, batteries, and trains moved
towards the Landing all the night of July 1st and the morning of
July 2d. The heavens opened and torrents of ruin' descended.
Our division lay in a covering position to oppose any advance the
enemy might make, but Lee had. given up the chase. With our
troops already on the James, under cover of our gunboats, he
knew it was madness to pursue further.
So, quite unmolested, the sodden, tired men, the trains of
wounded, our batteries and wagon trains, floundered through
mud into Harrison's Landing, and not till all were past us, the
last wagon and the last struggling man, did we of the rear guard
move into that haven of rest and safety for the beaten, battered,
exhausted Army of the Potomac.
• CHAPTEE VIII.
IIARRISOX'S LAXL>IXG.
? !
Kvlington Heights — General McClelLairs Address to the Army — From the
Richmond Enquirer — A Foraging Raid and its Results — A Mormug
Alarm — From the Diaries — Fee Relieves Richmond by Threatening
Washington — The Retreat to Yorktown.
, , .... .',.
Tun Arm} of the Potomac occupied a line of heights encircling
a plain that extended along the river. These heights, Ilvliiigteo
by name, commanded otir whole position, and how nearly we
came to losing them, to our undoing, is perhaps not generally
known.
The 3d of Jul}', while our divisions were massed on the river, as
yet not disposed for defense, Si Mart's cavalry rode up Evlington
Heights, not tb.cn occupied, and. finding that they overlooked our
camps, injudiciously began to throw shells from their howitzers
into cur lines. At the same time, Stuart sent word to Longstreei
and Jackson of the commanding position,, hitherto unknown to
tbem or to our commanders. Bat before Longstreet or Jackson
could reach Stuart with infantry, our own infantry had been moved
1 out ond had taken the heights 1il force, which the) imnledial ly
proceeded to fortify. Had Stuart remained quiet until the rebel
infantry had taken position on these heights, the result might
have been most disastrous to our army.
But with these heights occupied, the flanks oi our army resting
on the river and the creeks running into the James on the rigid
and left,, and the guns of the fleet added to those of our batteri •
the rebel engineers decided that our position was practically im-
pregnable.
General McOlellan issued the following address to the army :
Camp near Hakklsoxs Lax lux*;, Ya.,
Friday, July Uh, 1862.
Soldiers of the Army of the Potomac! Four achievements of
the last ten days have illustrated tin- valor and endurance of the
American soldier. Attacked by superior forces, and without hope
Headquarters, Army of the Potomac,
68 THE STORY OF OKE REGIMENT.
of reinforcements, you base succeeded in changing your base of
operations by a flank -movement, always regarded as the most
hazardous of military experiments.
You have saved, all your material, all your trains, and all your
guns except a few lost in battle, taking in. return guns and
colors from the enemy. Upon your march you have been assailed
day after day with desperate fury by men of the same race and
nation, skillfully massed and. led.
Under every "disadvantage of numbers, and. necessarily, of
position also, you have in every conflict beaten back your foes
"with enormous slaughter. Your conduct ranks you among the
'celebrated armies of history. No one will now question that each
of you may always with pride say : eil belong. to the Army of the
Potomac/'' You have readied the new base, complete in organiza-
tion and unimpaired in spirit.
The enemy may at any time attack ycu.. \{c are prepared to
meet them. I have personally established your lines. Let them
come, and we will convert their repulse into a final defeat. Your
Government is strengthening you with the resources of a great
people.
On this our Nation's birthday, we declare to our foes, who
are rebels against the best interests of mankind, that this army
shall enter the capital of the so-called Confederacy; thai our
National Constitution shall prevail; and that the Union, which
can alone insure internal peace and external security to eac]
State, "'must and shall be preserved," cost what it may in time,
treasure, and blood.
(Signed), Ceo. B. MoClkll.vx.
This bravely and hopefully worded address is an epitome of the
campaign of the Peninsula, and its epitaph.
However unsatisfactory the "'change of base" was to the people
of the North, it was a most welcome one to the army. Not that
its fighting qualities were impaired to a great degree, but it i
lost in the swamps of the Chickahominy more men from disease
than from bullets, and nearly every man, from the Commander-in-
Chief down to the drummer boys, had had his greater or less touch
of fever— an enemy that killed hundreds, invalided thousand-, and
physically weakened all still with the colors. For example, D
Company of the Eleventh marched into Harrison's Landing jus!
about a dozen strong, and A Company marched in behind J) with
a bare half-dozen to its name. Curiously enough, the men thai
held out were mainly ''ponies/' the lefl files of the companies—
the youngsters the brawny Anaks of the right files had so benevo-
lentlv, while in Washington, talked of carrying od their shoulders
HARRISON S LANDING.
139
when feb-e "little fellows shoiild give out on the inarch. But from
that time forward it was demonstrated that mere weight is a
marching disqualification ; that, as McDowell puts it somewhere,.
the skin of a heavy man is no thicker than that of a light one,
while the wear and tear of cuticle is in proportion to weight —
the greater the weight the greater the in (lamination, and the
greater the inflammation the- greater the exhaustion.
We trailed into Harrison's Landing worn out and exhausted,
and with sadly thinned ranks ; but the general recuperation was
speedy, the purer air and water thinning out the hospitals to
strengthen the battle line.
The Richmond Enquirer slated the sanitary advantage of the
new position : " Ten days ago when McCle)lan beleaguered Rich-
mond', with the exception of about five miles of the Chickahom-
iny low ground lie occupied, the most barren and, at the same
time, the worst watered and most unhealthy region of Eastern
Virginia. Agues, hoop-poles, and whortleberries have been always
the only sure crops of the country. Within a radius of ten miles
about the Seven Pines, taking that point as a center, and but two
living streams cross the Xine Mile or Williamsburg roads, between
Richmond and Bottom's Bridge. On these two roads, with the
Seven Pines as their headquarters, the \py\ pick and. flower of the
Northern army was concentrated, and hero for weeks their vigor
and numbers melted away under the influence of the miasma, bad
water, and a Southern sun ; but by his hasty trip through While
Oak Swamp, McClellan has emerged with thinned ranks into a
more genial land. A broad, fresh river flows before him, while
his tired and hungry hordes will find boundless supplies in as
fair and rich a valley as the sum. shines on. The country on the
lower James River is the very garden spot of Virginia. Nowhere
does the soil better repay the toil and skill of the husbandman. "
Yet so ill informed was our War Department of the character
of the country we were now in that General Halleck gravely
stated to General McClellan, as one of the reasons tor the with-
drawal of the army from the Peninsula: "The months of July
and August are almost fatal to whites who live on that portion of
the James River.*'
Our regiment was encamped on the left of the line, and our
camp was near tin river. Mere we led a quiet life. There was hut
one alarm, that of the morning of August 1st, when the enemy
70
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
ran some light gnus to Covin's Point, apposite Harrison's Laud-
ing, and proceeded to shell the Landing. For about thirty min-
utes there was a lively exchange of shell between the battery anil
our gunboats. The result was that the enemy was glad to fall
back. This led General McClellan to make a landing at Coggings
Point, and to fortify it as a protection to Harrison's Landing, a" 3
as a, point of departure to the south side of the James, if such a
movement should be decided on ; in thought anticipating 1864.
Many foraging and scouting parties took the held from Harri-
son's Landing, The only raid I was personally engaged in was a
foraging one a party of us made to an island opposite City Point.
We were well outside our line for awhile, but we did not sight a
single Confederate soldier. The only sign of the Confederacy
thai we saw was a bars and stars flag floating from the garrison
flagstaff at City Point. Getting the use of a couple of boats, we
made a landing on the island. We found it defended by a vigor-
ous-tongiied. lady only, who gave us her opinion of Yankees.
present and absent, without stint, We each took it, as a character
of my native town said he took a broomsticking his wife once gave
him, ''like a little man/' and consoled ourselves by carrying off
stores of tobacco. Hour, fowls— everything that we could, or imag
ined we could, use in any way — loading our boats to the gun-
wales, and rowing away under the fire of the indomitable matron's
tongue.
Some of our raiding party killed their chickens and ate them.
Others tried to keep theirs as egg-hearers, tying thorn to thi
of their shelter-tent frames. The tents had been setonstilted
frames to enable the occupants to sleep oil the ground. The
arrangement consisted of four crotched stick- holding two stout
poles, across which a bed bottom formed of small poles was laid
transversely and close together oxer the whole size of the base of
the shelter tent. On this primitive bedstead were piled bo
and tie:: blankets of the two or three occupants of each tent. Ho;
to return to our hens. This and that one failed to carry out the
hopes of her Yankee captor, who would decide that a nice pot-pie
in the dish was better than eggrr in expectation ; and after one or
two of the 'tethered creatures had mysteriously disappeared
while their owners were asleep, the neck-wringing craze became
a general one. The tobacco lasted longer. '1'':" flour? Oh!
those doughboy pancakes made of flour, salt and water, and
HARRISONS LANDING.
fried in pork fat on tin jllafces, thou eaten after being well
smothered in commissary molasses. " Wow, doether, for the love
of God," moaned Private Pat Doherty. " What's the matter,
Pat ? " " Oh ! doether," groaned the irrepressible Irishman, " it's
flapjacks made of flour, ground of whate that grew on land, that
was manOored wid the lavings of a kicking mule."
The diary record for the month of July shows that during it we
were occupied in throwing up intrenchments, cutting trees in
front of the works, and in generally strengthening our position, •
and that during this month General Kaglee went Xori-h on lea**,
and Brigadier-General Emory took command of the brigade.
Perhaps as good a way to revive the memory of the life we
I led here will be to select from Maxfteld's diary for July.
"July 3d. — On picket. The reserve pickets ffiade sad havoc
with the droves of pigs strolling around. Returned to the regi-
ment in the afternoon. The regiment fell in and marched about
I . <->
one and a half miles and encamped near the James.''
"July 4th.-— just after noon we were drawn up in line and
General McClellan passed us."
"July 5th. — Near night we moved about half a mile and
camped in the woods in line of battle, pitching our shelter tents
in rear of the stacks.'-'
"July 6th.~With about forty others was detailed to fall
trees to strengthen our position."
" July 7th .-—Detailed on fatigue. Went about half a mile from
; . camp and cut trees."
"July 8th. — Did not return to camp until two o'clock in the
morning. The regiment was underarms when we reached it."
"July 9th,— Was detailed to bury (bad horses and mules killed
in mud sloughs during the retreat. I managed to be set as guard
over the stacked guns and so avoided the stink."
"July 15th.— Inspected by Brigadier-General Emory. "
"July 18th.— -The regiment was ordered into the rifle pits soon
after reveille. No enemy in sight. We ascertained that we were
to do this same thing every morning — probably for exercise.
Press parade at 6.30 P.M., as usual."
"July 20th.— Inspection at 0 A.M. Division drill in the after-
noon."
"July 2'lBfc'.-— Detailed on picket. Went about three miles.
Picketed a creek to watch for boats."
•
T% THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
" July 24th, — Detailed to help load teams at the Landing, sonie
five miles below. Loaded seven teams with hard bread, pork,
flour, sugar, beans, potatoes, and onions."
''duly 25fck. — Regiment detailed in the afternoon as support for
the picket line.'"
^ July 28th. — Brigade review in the forenoon by Generals Peek
and Emory. Paid oif in the afternoon."
"July 29th. — Company drill in the forenoon, battalion drill in
afternoon. Dress parade.-'
i{ July 30th. — Division review in the forenoon."
" July 31st, — On picket. Pain. An attack was expected and
the gunboats were drawn up in line of battle."
Xewcornb's diary for July 13th : " The picket line was jus!
aeruss the creek, bin before the close of the following day it was
advanced two and a half miles." Corporal Lary notes for July
20th: '-'Digging rifle pits," and for July 31st : "Changing rifle
pits into breastworks." And Maxfield noted, for the first day of
August : " We were turned out and were in line of battle at one
o'clock in the morning. The rebels had planted a, battery oppo-
site the Landing and were, shelling it. They were soon silenced
by our gunboats. Regimental inspection at G p.m."
■"August 2d. — Division drill in the forenoon in a large field in
front of the fortifications."
Morton had now recovered sufficiently from the effect of his
wound to return to the regiment. His diary runs kandsomely
with MaxfieM's and Xewcoml/s, and as we have occasion we will
cull from each.
Morton : " August 3d. — Heard a beautiful sermon by Rev.
(feorge P. Van Wyck, chaplain of the Pifty-six;h "New York/'
Maxfield: " Heavy firing northwest of us. We had orders to
pack knapsacks and be ready to march at a moment's notice."
At this time Major-General Halleck was General-in-Chief of the
Armies of the United States, and Major-General Pope was in
command of the armies before Washington. These were just
consolidated into " The Army of Virginia."
On the BOth of duly General Halleck telegraphed General
McQlellan: "A despatch just received from Pope says that
deserters report that the enemy is moving south of the James
River, and that the force in Richmond is very small, i si-
ne be }>Le,.>i><] in that direction so as to ascertain the facts i
HARRISON S LANDING.
case"; and telegraphed the 3.1-sfc : "The enemy is reported to be
evacuating Richmond and falling back to Danville and Lynch-
burg/' These telegrams brought- about the reconnoissance in
force of Hooker and Sedgwick.
General Hooker and his division, and Pleasanton's cavalry,
were ordered to march on the night of August 2d and gain posses-
sion of Malvern Hill, but Hooker failed of success on account of
"incompetency of guides." it is said. In the night of the 4th
Hooker and Sedgwick moved out with their divisions, and in the
early morning succeeded in turning Malvern Hill, forcing the
occupying enemy out of its defenses.
On the 4th of August General McCiellan received an order from
General Halleek to withdraw the Army of the Potomac to Acquia
Creek, General McOMlaia seems to have hoped that this order
would be rescinded, for he says in his report : "On the 4th (of
August) I had received General Ilalleck's order of the 3d, direct-
ing me to withdraw the army to Acquia, and on the same day sent
an earnest protest against it. A few hours before General Hooker
had informed me that his cavalry pickets reported large bodies of
the enemy advancing and driving them in, and that he would
probably be attacked at daylight. Under the circumstances I had
determined to sup/port him ; but, as I could, not get the whole army
in position until the next afternoon, I concluded on tiie rei
of the telegram from the General-in-Chief to withdraw General
Hooker." Bo.i MeClellan did not give the order until the
and. not until aft el receiving this despatch from Halleek: 'Mi i->
reported that Jackson is marching north with a very large forcv."
The Adjutant-General of the Army of Northern Virginia states
the situation from a Confederate point of view, and the determina-
tion of Lee to change the locality of the struggle.
"Its proximity [McClellan's army] to the Confederate capital,
and its unassailable position, the facility with which it could be
transferred across the dames River for operations on the south
side, rendered the situation one of peculiar solicitude, and pre-
sented to the Confederate commander the alternative of remaining
a passive spectator o\' his adversary's movements, or of devising a
campaign which would compel the withdrawal of the hostile army
from its position of constant menace.
"With a just conception of the inordinate fear which posse
the mind of the Federal civil authorities for the safety of their
•
74
THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
•capital, he [Lee] concluded that to threaten that city, either by
strategetical mane avers or by a decisive blow struck at the army in
its front, would bo the surest way of effecting the removal of
McCleHan's army from its position on the James River. With
this view lie sent Jackson in advance with his two divisions, fol-
lowed by A. P. Hill, to engage General Tope, intending, as soon
as his anticipations of the effect of this movement were realized,
to follow promptly with the bulk of his army. In vindication of
his sagacity, information was soon received of the. transfer of
troops from McClelland army on the James to Washington.'5
August 4th, General MeClellan telegraphed General Halleek :
"This army is now in excellent discipline and condition. We
hold a debouch on both banks of the James River, so that we are
free to act in any direction. All points of secondary importance
elsewhere should be abandoned and every available man brought
here. A decided victory here, and the military strength of the
rebellion is crushed. It matters not what partial reverses we may
meet with elsewhere, here is the true defense of Washington."
General Halleek answered: UI was advised by high officers,
in whose judgment I had great confidence, to make the order (of
removal) immediately on my arrival here. The old Army of the
Potomac is split in two parts, with the entire force of the enenr
between them; they cannot be united by land without being
exposed to destruction, and yet they must be united. To send
Pope's force by water to the Peninsula is, under present condi-
tions, a military impossibility. The only alternative is to remove
the force on the Peninsula to some point by water, say Fredericks-
burg, where the two armies can be united. If General Pope's
army be directed to reenforee yon, Washington, Maryland, and
Pe unsyl van i a would be e x ] K>sed . '
This brief summing up of the historian of "The Army under
Pope " is probably a true story of the situation: "The Govern-
ment had lost confidence in General MeClellan, and the removal
of the Army of the Potomac from the Peninsula provided them
with a convenient mode 01 disposing of their superfluous general. "
All this is of little consequence to our >^"ry, I know, bat it
seems well to set down a brief statement of the arguments used to
justify an abandonment of what time proved to be the true road
to Richmond.
A look at the situation seems to show that, had the order for
Harrison's landing. 75
withdrawing from the PeiMBsUla been issued a tiny later than it
was, there would have been a second Battle of Malvern Hill : as
there was, a few weeks later, a second one of Manassas, when Pope
and his Army of Virginia were snuffed oat. And had a second
Battle of Malvern Hill been fought, and had the Army of the
Potomac been as victorious as it wras in the battle of July 1st. it
is more than probable that there would not have been a withdrawal
from the Peninsula, and that the road of 1864-05 to Richmond
would have been followed in 1802. But the order had been issued,
and McClellan began to prepare to evacuate the Peninsula, too
good a soldier to disobey, and risk his fate in a final engagement
in which viciory would have regained him the confidence of the
people of the Xorth, if not the cordial support of the Adminis-
tration.
lie corps of the army, other than Heintzehnan's, moved down
the Peninsula by its river roads, crossing the Chickahominy at
Barrett's Perry, near the mouth of the Chickahominy. Heintzel-
man's corps swung to the north, crossing the Chickahominy at
Jones's Bridge., not far below Long Bridge ; this movement cover-
ing the flank of the march of the other corps, while the cavalry
commands of Stoneman, Pleasanton, and Averill guarded their
rear, and scouted along all the roads by which attacking forces
must march. But Lee did not care to harry us. lie was veil
satisfied with llalleck's disposition of our army ; so well satis
that, assured by his scouting pa> Lies on the south bank of the James
that the reported evacuation was actually taking place (it only
needed a man in a tree with a field glass through which to scan
the departing transports to tek that), he marched Longstrec
corps to the Bapidan on the loth of August, three days before our
regiment starred from Harrison's Landing, with purpose to unite
Longstreet's divisions with those of Jackson and A. P. Hill, both
at Gordousville, and try to defeat Pope before McClelland divi-
sions could reenforce the newly organized "Army of Virginia. "
The diaries of our friends show that the movement, both in
preparation and execution, was a leisurely one, and that it was
compassed without adventures. The following extracts from the
diaries between August 0th, the day McClellan began to act on
the order to evacuate, until the 20th, when we reached York-town,
give what I think will be considered a most interesting view of
the movement.
76
THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT.
August . f> tb — Morton : t{ On picket ; mostjU.if.oes awful.'' New-
comb : "Reported here that Richmond is evacuated." Maxfield :
'* A report was circulated, at night that the rebels had evacuated
Richmond."
August 7th — Morton : <e Saw a quite intelligent old negro. Says
the Southerners' rations per week consist of one and a half pecks
of corn meal and one and one-half pounds of meat." Newcomb :
" Division drill; very hot. Two men of other regiments died
immediately after the regiments got into camp, and several others
are very sick.*' He adds, a i'vw days afterwards : " We have heard
that no less than nine deaths were caused by that Saturday's drill/'
Maxfield : "'A lieutenant, sergeant, corporal, and twenty men are
detailed from our regiment for picket every day."
August 8th — Maxfield: "'"'The whole regiment on picket re-
serve."
August 9th— Morton: '*' Hot, The flies are so thick thai the
boys shoot them with cartridges." Maxfield: (< Division drill in
forenoon."
August 10th^Mo>rton : " Heard of the affair of Malvern Hill.
One brigadier-general drunk. In consequence, lost a chance to bag
the, whole rebel army.'' Maxfield: '''Divine services at 3 i\n
At about six o'clock had orders to pack our knapsacks, and to put
everything in them except blankets and tents. The knapsacks
were placed on teams and taken away.'"
August llth — Morton: "Grot orders last nighl to pack i.
sucks to oo on transports/' Maxfield : t; Ascertained that our
knapsacks were on board a transport at the Landing. Officers'
tents struck in the forenoon.
August 12 th — Morton: "Baggage all gone, but we remain."
Max-field.: "About noon a body of cavalry was discovered on the
opposite bank, and our gunboats opened fire on them, shelling
the woods for two or three miles. Their fire was nol
turned. The canal boat our knapsacks were placed on san
am:
the knapsacks are now
tion."
August 13th— Morton
here from the Landing.
movah"
August 15th — Morton :
to iro, ami then returned
on a schooner in a rather wet condi-
: "Great rage for bone jewelry. Dan
Says making preparations there for re-
started out of camp th;s afteri
1" Maxfield: "Started and marched
H AR RISON S LANDING.
i t
half a mile, when wo were ordered back to camp ground. Stacked
arms and lay down on tent floor, with equipments and luggage
within reach."
August 16th — Morton : "Started this morning at three o'clock.
It is now noon, and have come seven or eight miles. Later —
Suppose we have marched about twelve miles to-day." Maxfield :
" On the march. Halted quite often. Passed Charles City Court
Honse before noon. Halted for the night in a cornfield. The
roads are good, but somewhat dusty. The orders are not to leave
the ranks for water even, but we took the liberty 10 forage, and
arc feasting on green com and apples. I was so lucky as to get
my haversack half full of tomatoes.''' Xewcomb : 'c The weather
cool, Water is scarce."
Angast 17th— aloi ion .- Ci A Jong, painful march of aboul
thirty-five miles." Maxfield: " We were turned out at 3 a.m.
and started on our march just after daybreak. We marched quite
rapidly during the day, and halted for the night at about six
o'clock. The road was good, but exceedingly dusty. For much
of the way we could not see over two rods ahead of us. We crossed
the Chickahominy on a ponton bridge early in the afternoon,
The bridge was two thousand feet long, and was laid on ninety-
eight ponton boats. Our division camped for the night about five
miles from the Chickahominy. Six companies of our regiment,
mine [C] included, were detailed for picket. We went about
three miles and were posted on roads in the woods." Newconib :
f< Company C stationed for the night on a road leading from Long
Bridge, which is four miles above our encampment."
August 18th — Morton : "The Colonel told us when ...
not to fall out till dead. Came through Williamsburg. When we
halted for the day, went in for green corn, apples, etc. Took one
man's pig out of the pen ; took his corned beef and chickens, and
set his cider mill to making cider of his apples." Maxfield:
"The pickets were called in just before daybreak, and when we
arrived at where our division was encamped the night before, \ e
found it had left. We halted and ate breakfast, and then start*
and marched with the rear guard. We passed through Williams-
burg between nine and ten o'clock in the forenoon, and. passing
Fort Magruder, encamped with the regiment. We lay about
three-quarters of a mile from where we camped the night of the
-1th of Alav. Marched sixteen miles fchisday." Newcomb : "The
78 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
people did not seem so mucin depressed as they did when we
passed through in May/'
August 19th— Morton : "Wagon train fifteen miles long.
Troops passing all day. It is near sunset and we have not left
our camp ground yet.'"
August 20th — Maxfleld : "Started at six in the morning and
marched six miles. We- then halted awhile near the spot where
Cornwallis gave up his sword, October 19, 1781. We then
marched three miles morej marching in the direction -of Shipping-
Point, then halted for the night." Neweomb : " Breakfasl at
daylight. Mine consisted of strong coitce made in a tin cup, a
slice of bacon frizzled on a sharp stick, two apples, an ear of
roasted com, and. two cakes of hard bread."
I
I CHAPTER IX.
YQKKTOWK.
How we Became Severed from the Arm}- of the Potomac. — Shoveling
Virginia Soil — Disposition of Troops — Catching Crabs — Country
Produce — Contrabands — A Guerrilla Scare — Our New Recruits — From
the New York Evening Post — The Veterans and the Recruits— A
Grievance — An Ungrateful Pickaninny — General Emory — The Raid
into Matthews County — The Paid to Gloucester Court House.
The corps of the army, except the Fourth, now went on board
transports ; some divisions at Fortress Monroe, others at Newport
News, and others at Yorktown. All sailed for Aequia Ore:;;.
Couch's division of our (Fourth) corps soon followed.
It may not he uninteresting to know how our division came to
he dissevered from the Army of the Potomac. General Halle< k
telegraphed General McCiellan on the 21st of August: sc Leave
such garrison in Fentress Monroe, Yorktown, etc., as you may
deem proper. They will he replaced by new troops as rapidly as
possible.- General McCiellan states in his report : " Immediately
on reaching Fortress Monroe, I gave directions for strengthening
ilio defenses of Yorktown to resist any attack from the dir<
.Richmond, and leil General Kcyes. with his corps,, to perform the
work and temporarily garrison the place." McClelland idea of the
military importance of the position at Yorktown- -a position that
we thought one of exile— is shewn by his despatch of Aug
2$ til to HaHeck : "Two good ordnance sergeants are needed at
Yorktown and Gloucester. The new defenses arc arranged and
commenced. I recommend that five thousand new troops be sent
immediately to garrison Yorktown and Gloucester. They should
be commanded by an experienced general officer, who can disci-
pline and instruct them. About nine hundred should be artillery.
1 recommend that a new regiment, whose colonel id an artillery
officer, or graduate, he designated as heavy artillery, arid sent
there.""
Conch's division does not seem to have been ordered from the
Peninsula until the 27th of August, when McCiellan telegraphed
80 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Hal lock from Alexandria : "I heme sent foi pouch's division -to
conic at once/' Halleck then telegraphed McClellan that General
Casey would furnish him with live thousand of his new troops to
send to Yorktown to relieve our division, but General McClellan
deemed it best, in view of the dangerous condition of the front
before "Washington, to order Casey to hold the men designed for
Yorktown in readiness to move, but not to send them off until he
received further orders. It appears then that the defeat of Pope,
and the necessity of putting every man at hand instantly into the
line of defense, prevented the relief of our division, and severed
its connection with the Army of the Potomac.
The diaries for the month of August and September are a con-
tinned record of work done on the fortifications, in leveling worl 3
JleCJolhurs and Magruder's engineers had built in the spring .
in strengthening the fortifications of Yorktown and Gloucester
Point. They run along in this vein from day to day. and show
the disgust of the diarists at the toilsome work they were now set
to perform. Maxneld's is especially violent, his poetic vein crop-
ping out again :
" Here we labor, hew we toil,
Shoveling Virginia's soil.*'
Horrible in rhythm, but kindly consider the provocation — fi
duty for seven days in the week ; for we had been some tiun a;
Yorktown before Maxfield sets down for a Sunday : " To-day wc
rest, like Christian people/'
The headquarters of the depleted corps was at Yorktown,
although the immediate command of this pest and •
Gloucester seems to have been vested in our brigade comman
in General Emory for a while, then in General Naglee— G
Keyes assuming but a nominal control. The other brigades of
our division were with General Peck, whose headquarters were at
Suffolk. His troops were stationed at points down the Peninsula.
Couch's division never rejoined \\<, but entered the Sixth ('
jifter a time.
Our brigade was materially strengthened here. To the live
regiments it was made up of until now were added the Eiglity-
iirst and Ninety-eighth New York, and the New York Independ-
ent Battalion (French Zouaves— SiLes Enfant* Perdus"), known
to us as '""The Lost Children." The One Hundred and Fourth
YORKTOWN
81
Pennsylvania and the One Hundred ?h Xcw York garrisoned
Gloucester Point, with Colonel Dandy of the One Hundredth in
command of the post until Colonel Davis of the One Hundred
and Fourth recovered, sufficiently from the wound received at
Fair Oaks to return to duty.
The ordinary rations were now well seasoned with supplies of
oysters and crabs from the York River. And no one who knows
what a York River oyster fresh from Us bed is — large, fat,, quiver-
ing with what passes for life in an oyster — but will think that we
were not unhappily situated, with acres of these luscious bivalves
at oni' tent-openings almost, iSTor were the crabs to be despised.
It was a comical sight to see our men fishing for them—- bare-
footed, knee and more- deep in water — each poking with a long-
stick till a snaptious crustacean took a rarely yielded grip, when
the lucky fisherman would scamper for the shore with his prize.
Sometimes, though, an unwary fisherman would step too near
one of the lively creatures, and then the scampering to shore was
a noisy one, the hold of the crab on the victim's toe making him
shout in vociferous if not in triumphant tones.
Then, in their season, green corn, apples, melons, and other
fruit and vegetables were brought in by the country negroes,
those who had not- yet taken to contrabanding as a profession,
which meant hanging to the skirts of the quartermaster's depart-
ment for a precarious living. We had a large camp of these con-
trabands to the north of Yorktown, a thieving, licentious lot of
negroes, ^hefmacle the night air ring, now with wonderfully
sung pious melodies, then with fiendish screeching and caterwaul-
ing, as the bucks would fight like wild beasts for the possession of
some bit of disputed property—- a hit of food perhaps, a rag of
clothes maybe, but more often for the favors of some not over-
scrupulous Dinah.
A few extracts from the diaries will help us to catch the salienl
points of our sojourn in Yorktown,
August 21st — Maxfield : " Marched in the afternoon to a place
just above Yorktown, where we encamped. "
August 24th— Maxfield : "Detailed on guard at Yorktown.
Guarding contrabands to prevent theii being insulted by white
men, and from having riots among themselves. We were called
on twice to quell riots.'*5 Morton : " Tart of our knapsacks came.
They were nearly ruined/'
82 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT. .
August 28th— -Morton : "Li\ing on the fat of the land—
peaches, melons, crabs., and oysters/' Newcomb : "The nights
are very cold, and the men have not yet received blankets or
overcoats for those lost at Harrison's Landing."
August 30th — Morton : (i Boys bought a lot of melons from a
neOTO for sesesh money."
September 1st — Maxfield : "The Ninety-eighth. New York
stacked arms in the morning, and refused to take them again, as
they had not been paid for six months. General Keyes made
them a speech, after which he put all the officers of the regiment
under arrest, and left the sergeants in command. Moved our
camp in the afternoon to a spot west of Yorktown and near the
fortifications.'"
September 2d— -Maxfield : "The old round Ellis tents the
regiment received in Augusta came into camp from Fortress
Monroe."
September 9th — Maxfield: '-About eleven o'clock in the fore-
noon were ordered into the fori and took positions. A guerrilla
party made an attack on Williamsburg, driving in our cavalry,
and are expected to attack Yorkiown. Later, had orders to go
back to camp, one company at a time, and get a day's rations and
.-■* blankets. Found there one hundred and sixty recruits that had
arrived, three second lieutenants, and any number expecting to
be non-commissioned officers, basking in their long-tailed blues.
We were ordered from the fort on fatigue after a while. T
shovels and axes. The axemen felled trees aero s the roads,
the shovelmen leveled forts." Morton: " Saw General Dix. A
hundred and seventy recruits came to the regiment. The) ar
mostly non-commissioned officers. "
During the earlier months spent here the health of the regi-
ment seems to have been fairly good, but during the later mo-
there was much sickness and many deaths. The rain\ seas
set in, and the malarial qualities of the swamps near Xorktown
began to affect the men. Our diarists are all frequently si • •
Maxfield acknowledging "severe chills," Morton ill and s
tious, Lary jots down im - istive words, "Quinine a
Iron/' Lieutenant Ncwcomb's diarj tells us that nearly. all the
officers of the regiment were sick, leaving but himself, Nick< ,
Brann, Williams, Butler, and M ird aud
camp duties, [udeed, had it not been for the recruits tl
!
YOBKTOWK. 83
reached us here, and a new company. "Mm &>" Captain Bald-
win's company (the remaining members of original B were
transferred to Company G), the lugubrious and greatly exagger-
ated paragraph that appeared in the Xew York Evening Post
concerning the regiment would have seemed quite justified to
observers of our steadily shrinking line of battle. We copy it,
only remarking that, like assaulted and battered Patrick, after
listening to his lawyer's speech, we had not realized until now how
badly off we were, " Shure," cried Patrick, as his lawyer closed
his depiction of his client's wrong.-, "it's miirther I want the
shcoundrel tried for. Assault and battery don't do me joostice."-
I
" The Story of One Regiment.
" When the Maine Eleventh passed through Broadway, last
November, the 'Hallelujah Chorus ' chanted by eight hundred
and. fifty sturdy fellows, few persons who saw them could have
anticipated that those tall lumbermen would, within a twelve-
month, be almost decimated. Arriving in Washington, they built
those famous barracks which were visited by so many strangers ;
but in spite of the tine shelter the typhoid was soon busy in their
ranks, and when they went down with Casey's division they were
only seven hundred end fifty strong ; one-eighth died of disease.
While on the Peninsula they lived on hard biscuit and water for
five weeks, owing to the inefficieucy or rascality of someone, so
that when they took tip the double quick for Williamsburg the
men fell on the road, and died from sheer exhaustion. At tb<
Battle of Fair Oaks they numbered, fit for duty, only one hundred
and eighty men. One half of this number were in action, and
were nearly all killed and wounded."
But the recruits and the new company — both the results oJ
Colonel Plaisted's absence in Maine— put us in formidable condi-
tion again. And the men we received were good and true men.
too— none better; brave soldiers and true coiomdcs. For one.
Captain Baldwin, afterwards Major, and then Lieutenant-Colonel,
proved himself to be as brave and efficient a soldier as he was an
accomplished gentleman. And it is a matter of pride to us all
that his gallant services were recognized by the War Department
with, a brevet as Brigadier-General.
It was comical to see the airs the "veterans" put on over the
84 THE STOBY OF ONE REGIMENT.
recruits. And many was the strange and wondeiful talc told
tbe newcomers of our campaign on the Peninsula. In view of
our few months' active service, we did rather take to stilts. Even
Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, in writing an official letter to Gov-
ernor Washburn from Harrison's Landing, solemnly pens this :
"The recruits that joined us at Yorktown [a small body of
recruits that joined us in April] fought nobly at Fair Oaks. In
company with trained men they soon became very efficient." And
. these i( trained men " had but the advantage gained at Carver
s ..... .
Barracks over these April-joining recruits. Is it wonderful, then,
that our "veterans" crowed somewhat, with a whole campaign
advantage? It was the same complaisant spirit that General
Walker, the historian of the Second Corps, tells of as prevalent
in that corps towards its recruits and new regiments. "It is c
little amusing/' lie writes, "'to recall the feelings of superiority
with which the troops who had been in the Battle of Pair Oak-
greeted those who had not, how inexpressibly raw the la1
seemed to the former, how great the distance between them." So
our new men seemed raw and on a lower military plain to oui
veterans. But these recruits, like those of the Second Corps, if
later in date, none the less thoroughly " to(,k up their part in tin
great events " the regiment was plunged into, "and quickly be-
came equals to the end."
It seems proper to call attention to a grievance of many of these
recruits. Artemus Ward offered to raise a regiment of brigad
generals within twenty-four hours, ti is to be feared that ■
of our recruiting officers took a i af from his bo >k, for certain!}
a considerable proportion of the m v recruits not onb antii i]
holding higher rank than that of privates, but were dressed
the part they expected to play. Promises had b en made to and-:
tious young men that could noi be carried out. The resigna
■that seem to have been expected from among the company offii
to provide vacancies to be filled by some of the new men were nol
forthcoming, and the company offi ■ l*s •.. re stroi . d\ opposed to
allowing non-commissioned vacancies to be filled b} a:,\
"veterans*" Rightly,' too. It must be said thai the claims of
the unfortunates were nol forgotten, and thai no opportunity
was lost to raise them in rank. Bui the delay in arriving at the
positions they really voluntet red to till led to a bitterness towards
those thev held chiefly r< sponsible :'"r their mortification thai not
YORKTOWN". 85
even the success of most of 61a$m in reaching even higher rank
than that original1}- expected could quite dissipate.
To change the subject. When the Confederate cavalry dashed
through Williamsburg on September 9th, driving the squadrons
of the Fifth Pennsylvania stationed in that city from it, rather by
the suddenness and audacity of their attack than by their num-
bers, a fatigue party from Yorktown was in Williamsburg repairing
I the telegraph lines. One member of the party, an Eleventh
Maine man, scaled a fence to escape the rebel cavalry, and in his
[ ' despair dashed into a pigpen, not caring that his flight was ob-
served by a pickaninny ; for was he not one of the race the fugitive
soldier was there to save from slavery, and would not the sight
•
of his blue uniform strike a responsive chord in the young Afri-
can's heart? He didn't think it otherwise than right, either, that
the youngster should scamper after him, or that lie should osten-
tatiously beslride the fence before the pen. Of course, his artless
presence would make it seem impossible that a Yankee was hiding
behind him. How thoughtful, how quick-witted, how, how — bur
this tender feeling was changed into one of gall and wormwood
in an instant, as the young imp shouted to a squad of passing-
gray coats: "Hi, hi, massa, there's a Yank in h'yar with dnk
Efunrs shote!" The following named of the Eleventh Maine
were taken prisoners on this occasion : Privates Robert H. Scott,
Hummer Sylvester, Charles Watson, Samuel V. Went worth r -y.nl
Warren L. Whittier, all of Companv K.
Chaplain Wells joined the regiment in beptember. Mortons
diary tells us that this excellent man made a very favorable
impression. Colonel Plais.ted resumed command of the regimenl
the 21 st of September. General Naglee arrived at Yorktown and
resumed command of the brigade the 28th of September. The
General left us at Harrison's Landing, going north, on sick leave.
Brigadier-General Emory, afterwards commander of the Nine-
teenth Corps, succeeded Naglee as brigade commander.
General Emory was a regular army officer, and was of a stern
disposition apparently. At first he was very much disgruntled at
being left behind the main army, chafing to be in the forefront of
the melee, and while in this impatient mood he was a. rather
heavy-handed commander. The works around Yorktown and
Gloucester Point had to be strengthened and turned. The Gen-
eral pressed this work on with vigor, and gathered guns and store.:
86 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
f of ammunition, with an abundance of quartermaster and comic: -
sary stores ; for the Peninsula route by way of the James River v as
not yet an abandoned idea. His orderlies were kepi; flying here
and there, regimental commanders were brought to book for any
failure to furnish details of men for fatigue work, fche post quarter-
master was kept on tenter hooks, and, the ordnance officer was in
continual request. One day I answered the General's call oi
" Orderly," and was told to find some one or other ordnance offi-
cer, quick. I searched, high and low, but could not find him. I
had more than a dim suspicion that he was trying the speed of a
horse in company with Captain Kreutzer, of fche Ninety-eighth
New York, but, of course, could not mention my notion to Gen-
era! Emory, so I reported to hiro. that T could not §nd the os&nan ■ ■
officer. "Can't find him? Can't find him?" The General
swelled with indignation as he repeated the words, lie thci
roared : " Orderly, when I send you for a man you must find hii t,
and you must not come hack until you do find him." I went to
my tent and lay down to think it over, and, while doing so, fell fast
asleep. When I awoke, I found a brother orderly in a perspira-
tion of fatigue from having had to run all over Yorktown and its
vicinity to finish my errand. The Genera! had forgotten fchi I 1
was supposed to be in search of the ordnance officer, and had
called another orderly, and had sent him in search of the missii .
mam The General never mentioned my dereliction — nor did 1 ;
only thereafter, if I could no: find a man he sen: me for, 1 didn't
trouble him with a report of my inability ; just tools a nap on it,
trusting that he would have some other orderly finish my work
while I slept.
A. squad of convalescents reported at brigade headquarters from
the hospital at Fortress Monroe. While waiting for tb i clerk
the assistant adjutant-general's office to look over their papers,
the convalescents seated themselves on the steps of the ofl
building. A broad piazza ran along the whole length of the
building. The General occupied one end of ike building and tin
assistant adjutant-general's office the other. Walking back and
forth along his half of the piazza, muttering to himself as \
his habit, General Emory spied the men apparently lounging in
the shade of the sacred end of the ] iazza, and roared, " Win I
[sheet hadn't been invented then] are yon men loungi
this piazza for?"' A pale young sergeant arose, and, while bis
YOHKTOVvN. 87
scared companion were seizing their knapsacks and bundles for a
hasty exodus, touched his cap and said, "We arc convalescents
from Portress Monroe, General." {i Oli-h-li ! Boys, sit down;
sit down, all of yon, and sit there as long as you double d
please." answered ••' the old man/'
We of his military household found out that he was a rough-
mannered but kind-hearted old warrior, and we really did about as
we pleased, letting him roar himself through his rages at our mani-
fold shortcomings into good humor again. When he left us. he-
did so wrathfully, wowing that he would never take temporary
charge of a man's brigade again, having really contracted an ailec-
tion for the regiments he had commanded for a few months. He
bade us order] y boys a kind " good-by," and treated us to a lot
of handsome apples. We had not grown to an appreciation of
fermented juice, you see.
The apples he treated us to were probably some of those Colonel
Van Wyck, "Old Charley," of the Fifty-sixth Xew York, gave
him, from the schooner-load of apples and other fruit, and of
various kinds of vegetables, that he had procured, from "New York
for his regiment. Colonel Van Wyck, M.C., could only spare time
from his congressional duties to soldier with us when Congress
was taking a recess, but he did enjoy camp life hugely. And he
had all its experiences. "Oh, I say, orderly," said lie, beaming
on me through his gold-bowed spectacles, one time when 1 took
him a headquarters order, "oh, I say, orderly, what do yov do
when you — you're, er, er — lousy ? " G-raybacks were not respecters
of rank ; private or general, it was all the same to them.
The diaries for October, and for nearly all of November, are
but records of guard duty, sickness, drills, chills, rain, deaths,
target-practice, policing, and fatigue duties en roads, and in cut-
ting; wood for the conk-fires.
On the 2d of October the regiment moved to still another new
camp ground. It was now located on the bank of the river, aboui
a mile below the fortifications.
On the 22d of November a raid was made into Mobjack Bay.
Captain. Masfield gives us this graphic account oi this expedition:
"Matthews County.
<e Rine companies of the regiment left camp between 8 and 0
p.m., and, embarking on the gunboats Maliaska and Putnam, and
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
the tug-boai May Queen, proceeded dawn the York River and up
the Chesapeake Bay. The boats entered Mobjack Bay about 8.30
A.M. on the 23d, and proceeded up the East reiver. The troops
landed at 11.30 A.M., at a point in Matthews Count}', Va., near
Matthews Court House. The force was divided and sent to differ-
ent plantations, where they destroyed large quantities of salt and
salt-works, or salt-kettles. The male portion of the community
were taken, and held as prisoners while we remained. The writer
was in a detachment commanded by Captain Libby, of Company
A, and went to the plantation of Sands Smith. We shall never
forget the warlike picture of little Pete Neddo, of Company A,
breaking the big kettles with a sledge hammer. Nor shall we
forget the poor old negro woman, whose son had dk> away a fen
months previous, and now accompanied us as one of the guides of
the expedition. At sight of the boy she threw herself on her
knees and, with hands upraised, exclaimed, 'Is this Jesus Christ ?
Is it Cod Almighty V Nor could we refrain from expressing the
wish that this ' cruel war' were over, when we made prisoners of
the old gentleman and the young men who had ccute to his I
to spend the pleasant Sunday afternoon in the society of his lovely
daughters. We returned to the gunboats soon after dark.
"At 9 a.m. of the 24th, as we were about getting under way
to return to York.ro wn, a farmer came in with a flag of truce.
He said a supply train was passing at a short distance and could
be easily captured. The force on the Putnam^ cons-i 'com-
panies A, C, and 1 >, was landed, Mid under command of Captain
S. II. Merrill, of Company I, was ordered to reeonnoiter for one
hour. These companies advanced about three miles, which
brought them in sight of Matthews Court House, where there
appeared to be a small Confederate force. We fell back, and were
immediately followed by a body of rebel cavalry. Lieutenant
F. M. Johnson and Corporal J. F. Keene, both of Company 1),
who allowed themselves to be separated from the command, were
taken prisoners. We readied the boats without further los
immediately returned to Yorktown, arriving about sundown. No
field officer of the Eleventh accompanied this expedition, it I
under the command of Major Cunningham of the Fifty-second
Pen nsyl v a n i a V o 1 u n tee rs . ' ;
There was a general review by General Kcyes on the 29th of
November, and on the 30th there was a brigade drill at Glouc
' YOKKTOWN. S9
Point, and December 1st a grand review by Major-generals Dix
and Keyes.
On the 10t;li of December orders were given to prepare three
days' rations, and to be ready to march the next day. This Was
in preparation for the raid to Gloucester Court House. Captain
Maxfield tells the story of the expedition :
" Gloucester Court House.
"The regiment left camp before sunrise; on December 11th
crossed the York River to Gloucester Point, and in company with
the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, the Fifty-sixth and the One
Hundredth New York, and Battery H, First New York Artillery,
lookup the line of march for Gloucester Court House, where we
arrived at 4 p.m. We remained in the vicinity of the Conn
House, sending out foraging parties in different directions. These
parties captured herds of cattle, sheep, mule-*, and some fine
horses. The cavalry, which led the advance from Gloucester
Point, advanced to within a few miles of the Rappahanno
The expedition, was commanded by Brigadier-General Henry M.
Naglee, and was intended to serve as a diversion in the rear of
the rebel army at the time of the Battle of Fredericksburg. We
commenced, our retreat just after sunset on. the 14th, and arrived
in camp at 3.30 a.m. on the 15th without the loss of a man.
bringing in the captured herds and the prisoners taken by the
cavalry.
"One of the incidents of this expedition occurred when a mem-
ber of the Eleventh attempted to pay for certain articles of food at
a house near Gloucester Court House. The occupant absolutely
refused to accept the soldier's greenbacks. One of his comra
perceiving the dilemma, produced a bill on the 'Bank of Lyon's
Kathairon/ a patent medicine advertisement, which the lady
readily received, supposing it to be genuine Confederate money."
CHAPTER X.
PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA.
The Fourt]} Corps — General Keyes — Changes in the Organization of the
Regiment.
•
Late in December it began to be rumored in our camps that
we were to fake part in a military expedition of large proportions.
The point of attack was unknown to us, of course. ; bur- v,c km
that it must be in some more southern latitude, for the climate of
Virginia would not allow of a winter campaign — to Wilmington,
to Charleston, to the Gulf perhaps, but certain!)' farther south
than Yorktown, And glad enough we were to believe it true
that we were to move ; for, although our life at Washington
was a i: monotonous and irksome one," as Newcomb phrased it,
yet it was a hustling one compared to that at Yorktown. In
Washington there were distractions ; the city, with it
and interesting public buildings, and a continual movement of
large bodies of troops, to occupy attention. But at Yorktown, a
city in name only, encircled by a great earthwork, parapets, ami
bastions, within which circle were the headcjuarters, the artill ?ry
trains, the stores of subsistence, clothing, and ordnance, and a few
war-worn buildings. Its architectural attractions consisted only
a dilapidated church, that was surrounded by a churchyard dati
back from pre-Eevolutionary;times; a "city" that was merely a
high point in marshy surroundings thai made the solemn sound
of the dead-march vm altogether (oo familiar one. Life here wa
detestable, and nut one of us but hailed tin prospect of a. change ;
for, send \u where they would, we could mat be worse off.
In leaving Virginia we severed our connection with what i
left of the Fourth Corps, and with General Keyes. Of the
original divisions of the corps, ours was the only oue remaining a
part of it, both the divisions of Smith ami Couch now making \i\^
the greater part of the Sixth Corps. And as we took with us a
large part of Casey's old division, the Fourth Corps, as left under
General Keves's command, war- composed of new regiments mainly.
i PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA. 91
!
only a few of the old ones lemaining with if. Its future military
history is a brief one. General Peck, at Suffolk, held that city
against Longstreet's attempt to take it in April, 1S03. General
Kcyes remained at Yorktown, from vvdicre, at the time of Lee's
invasion of the North in June, 1863, he commanded part of an
expedition that landed at White House, and sought to break Lee's
lines of communication, if not to take tlie city of Richmond. In
this movement Genera) Getty moved, on Hanover Station with
seven thousand men to seize the railroad, and General Keyes moved
1 . with five thousand men to seize Bottom's Bridge, and thus clear a
road for General Getty to advance on the city. Getty's column
succeeded in destroying a portion of the railroad, and General
Keyes moved his force as far as Baltimore Cross Roads, where he
had two small engagements with the enemy, one on June 26 th
and the other on the 3d of July. Nothing came of this threaten-
ing movement, however, General Hal leek slighting General
Hookers urging that General Dix be ordered to assume command
of all the available troops in his department and move directly on
Richmond, and seize it before Lee could countermarch to its
relief.
Shortly after this the Fourth Corps was discontinued, and the
regiments composing it were transferred to other corps. The
corps afterwards known as the Fourth was the consolidated
Twentieth and Twenty-first, and served in the Army of the Cum-
berland. But the real successor of the old Fourth Corps was the
ever-gallant Sixth, into which went the divisions of Smith a
Couch. Couch rose to the command of the Second Corps, suc-
ceeding Sumner and preceding Hancock. Smith we will mei I
again in the campaign of 1864.
We Peninsula campaigners remember Genera] Keyes as a pleas-
ant-faced gentleman, with a peculiarity of sitting his horse a litti
sidewise. At Yorktown I was often sent from brigade head
quarters to corps headquarters, with messages, often verbal: and
when 1 had to see Genera! Keyes personally, 1 was always received
with as much courtesy as though I were not a mere private soldier.
Such politeness was nut always accorded private soldiers by ofi
of much less rank than that of major-general.
I am pained t<> see that General Keyes is so slightingly men-
tioned by Genera] Walker in his admirable history of the Sc
Corps. General Keyes did not press his left-wing moremenl
92 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
before Yorklown as strongly perhaps as be should have done, but
I do not find that the other corps commanders excelled him hi
celerity., he sharing in the general hesitation apparently. Besides,
a look at the map will show that his movement, to Lave succeeded,
must have been carried across the Warwick, naturally well de-
fended by swamps, and artificially by formidable works, and that
to reach the Half Way House, hi rear of Yorktown, he must have
first beaten off the major part of the rebel army. As it is con-
fessed that the movement was ordered without a knowledge of the
strong line of defense, and as the Warwick persisted in flowing in
a different direction from that laid down for it on the headquarters
maps, General Keyes but exercised common sense when, on dis-
covering the nature of the natural and artificial f|efe8££S bcfoie
him, he relinquished his effort to advance.
At Fair Oaks, General Keyes w.as all alive to the dangers of the
situation, something that some of his coadjutors were not ap-
parently, no less he alone is to be blamed for not foreseeing the
storm that flooded the Chickahominy and made it impassable by
reinforcements. He certainly guarded against a surprise by
making an early disposition of troops and batteries; and more
than he did in the battle, both by intelligent direction and per-
sonal example, could hardly bo asked of any subordinated c< rps
commander. lieintzeltnan was really in command of all the
troops on that side of the Chickahominy, and the failure to scud
Kearney into action at an earlier hour m on him
And after Fair Oaks, when placed with his divisions to guard
the line of the lower Chickahominy and the fords across V
Oak Swamp, the active and intelligent reconnoissances Ixeyes made
through all the country to the left— clear to the James-
General McClellan a topographical knowledge that was invaluable
to him in his retreat to the James. McClellan intrusted Keyes,
too, with the important duty of moving his corps across the R
Oak Swamp and securing strong positions to cover the passa
the other troops and the trains and this work must have been
done quite to McClellan's satisfaction : for it completed, he ordered
Keyes to move Ids corps to the James, followed by Porters corps,
bo occupy Malvern Hill. Then after that battle, in which one
division of his corps, Couch's, took a most prominent part, G<
Keyes was instructed to covei the retreat to Karri i ' k
Altogether, as General McClellan states in his report: "Greal
PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA. 93
credit must be accorded to General Keyes for the skill and energy
which characterized his performance of the important and delicate
duties intrusted to him." And that he retained the confidence of
General McOlellan to the last is shown by the fact that he was
left at York town, to set that fortress in condition to withstand the
attempts the Confederates were expected to make for its repossc
siom In McOlellan's despatch to Halleek from Fortress Monroe,
dated August 22d, lie says : " General Keyes is still at York town.
putting it in a proper state of defense.'*' The record certainly
shows that General Keyes performed all services required of him
in the campaign with energy and intelligence.
A painstaking, methodical officer, scrupulously carrying out all
orders of his. superiors, without a trace of insubordination, it is
unjust to couple him with Heintzelman., who was strikingly self-
willed. Had Keyes, and not Heintzelman, been left to act in
conjunction with Sumner and Franklin at Savage Station, Gen-
eral Walker would not have had to fasten on Keyes the stigma
that he finds it a historical duty to put upon Heintzelman— that
of marching away and leaving Sumner and Franklin to a fate tint,
they only escaped by the good luck that detained Jackson.
A year had now gone by since the regiment was organized, and
many changes had naturally taken place in its organization.
Deaths, resignations, and discharges had taken from it many
more than had been added by our recruiting officers. A compar-
ison of the following statement of the formation of the regimen!
as it now stood, with that of its original orgauiza will show
the extent of the changes among the commissioned and non«
missioned officers :
Field avd Staff.
Harris M. Plaisted, Colonel.
Robert F. Campbell, Lieutenant-Colonel.
Winslow P. SpofTord, Major.
Henry 0. Fox, Adjutant.
John Ham, Quartermaster.
Nathan F. Blunt, Surgi mi.
John F. Fate:-. Assistant Surgeou.
Richard L. Cook, Assistant Surgeou.
James Wells, Chaplain.
Henry 0. Adams Sergeant-Major.
91- THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT?.
William H. H. Andrews, Quartermaster Sergeant.
Samuel W. Lane, Commissary Sergeant.
Kelson EL ISTorris, Hospital Steward.
John Williams, Drum Major.
Joseph Webb, Fife Major.
COMPANY A.
Randall Libby, 2d, Captain.
Lewis H. Holt, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Charles E. Poor, First Sergeant ;
William GL Lee, Jamos T. Spith,
James K. Stone, Elias P. Morton.
Corporals.
James Andrews, George A. Bakeman,
James B, Goldthwaite.
Company B.
Charles P. Baldwin, Captain.
Corydon A. AlTord, Jr., First Lieutenant.
Fred T. Mason, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Lewis W. Campbell, First Sergeanl ;
Ellery D. Perkins, Charles A. Rolfe,
John W. Haj'warcf, Samuel Gushing.
Corporals.
Philip H. Andrews, Jefferson II. Pike,
Charles A. Falkuer, Eufus M. Davis,
Nathan AverilJ, John P. Ramsdell,
George M. Rollins.
Alba W. Shorey, Wagoner.
Company C.
Edgar A. Nickels, Firsi Lieutenant.
Lemuel E. Nuwcomb, Second Lieutenant,
PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA.
Scrncanls.
Charles W. Bridgham, First Sergeant ;
Edwin J. Miller, James Gross,
George Weston, Thomas S. Albee.
Corporals.
Horace F. Albee, William Libby,
Allen M. Cole, Asa W. Googing.
Company D.
John I). Stan wood, Captain.
Leonard Br* tier, First Lieutenant.
Francis M. Johnson, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Abner F. Bassett, First Sergeant ;
Judson L. Young, Gardiner E. Blake,
iiraim Francis.
Corporals.
John Grihn, Josiah F. Keene,
James E. Bailey, John Dyer,
Horace Whit tier, Sheparcl Whitfcier,
Stephen R. Bearce.
William H. Hardison, Wagoner.
1 COMPANY L.
Francis W. Wiswell, Captain.
George Williams, First Lieutenant. '
Stephen B. Foster, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Daniel S. Cole, John N", Weymouth.
Charles F. Wheeler, Peter Bunker,
i
Corporals.
Adoni ram, J. Fisher, George W. Chick,
Elias H. Fro,!, Samuel Lihhy,
Simon Batch elder, Solomon S. Cole.
John B. Reed, Wagoner.
96 THE STORY OF OKB REGIMENT.
COMl'AXY F.
Augustus P. Davis, Captain.
Samuel G. So wall, First Lieutenant.
Thomas A. Brann, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Alfred G. Brann, First Sergeant ;
Charles H. Scott, Archibald Clark,
Grafton Norris, Daniel S. Smith.
Corporals.
Rufus X. Burgess, John 0. Header,
James W. Little, George S. Buker.
T ra M. B ol 1 ins, 31 n sici a n .
WehlMI F. 3%, Wagoner.
COMPANY G.
Francis W. Sabine, Captain.
. . Albert G. Mudgett, First Lieutenant.
Robert Brady, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
William Wiley, First Sergeant;.
Thomas Clark, George Bayne,
Daniel Burgess, Stephen H.JEmerson.
Corporals.
Henry B. Rogers, Albert Five,
Thomas T. Tabor, Charles A. Lincoln,
Horace B. Mills, Thaddeus S. Wii .
Amos W, Briggs, Isaac II. Small.
Ambrose I\ Phillip', Wagoner.
Company H.
Luther Lawrence, Captain.
Benjamin V. Dunbar, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
James te. Thompson, Rirsl Sergeant ;
Nathan J. Gould, Seth A. Kamsdell,
Joseph Harris, Albert L, Rankin.
PREPARING TO LEAVE VIRGINIA 97
\ Corporals.
James Ellis, Daniel M. Dill,
William H. Girrell, • George E. Morrell,
Augustus T. Thompson, Charles Bodge,
John S. Fogg, John Lary, Jr.
John E. McKenney, Musician.
John E. Goulcl, Wagoner.
Company I.
Simeon H. Merrill, Captain.
William Brannen, First Lieutenant.
George B. Weymouth, Second Lieutenant.
Ser 'OtO't 7/.s-.
Charles 0. Lamson, First Sergeant ;
Charles W. Trott, Joseph S. Butler,
George Leader. Arthur V. Vaneline.
i Corporals.
David B. Snow, Florid ire G. Decker.
Weston Brannen, William H. Decker,
George Gove, Marshal B. Stone,
Lewis M. Libbv, Asa S. Gould.
Company K.
Jonathan A. Hill, Captain.
Melville M. Folsom, First Lieutenant.
Charles II. Foster. Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
George W. Small, First Sergeant ;
Henry 11. Davis, John ITownrd.
Andrew B. Frskine. Charles Knowles.
I
(Corporals,
Charles B. Abbott, Robert H. Scott,
Cyrus E. Bussey, John P. Buzzell,
John J. Hill, Josiab Furbish,
Amos K. Pushaw, Jotham S. Garnett.
Abner Brooks, Musician.
Joseph G. Rieker, \\ agoner.
I ?
CHAPTER XI.
DEPARTMENT OF XOETH CAROLINA.
We Sail from Yorktown — A Storm off Hatteras — Loss of the Monitor —
Carolina City — Incidents from the Diaries — Kaglee Commands the
Division — His Farewell Order to the Brigade— Confederates' Antici-
pations.
The preparations for our leaving Yorktown were soon completed,
and, the regiments arriving to relieve those ordered on the expedi-
tion, the embarkation began.. In the afternoon of December 27th,
Companies B, C, D, E, and G, of the Eleventh, went on board the
steamer Thomas A. Morgan, and sailed for Fortress Monroe,
where they were expected to board the ocean transport, Gahawha.
But, owing to some misunderstanding, the Cahaivba was: on her
way to Yorktown. The Thomas A. Morgan returned to York-
town on the 28th, and her passengers boarded the Cahawba. In
the afternoon of the 26th of December, Companies A, F, IT, I,
rmd K, under command of Colonel Plaisted, boarded the steamer
City of New Fork, as did the Ninety-eighth New York Regiment,
and the next morning sailed for Portress Monroe to board fchi
Cahawva. Not finding that vessel, the City of New York lay i 0
the Portress during the 27th and the 28th, In the night of the
28th she started on her return. During the affci rn< '■'''• ;
General Naglee and 'staffs and the brign le band, wcnl on board the
Co.Jiawba. Immediately after their arrival, the big tram
hoisted anchor and steamed slow!} down the river. Everyone on
board was on deck, the band was playing its m > * stirring tun< -,
the parapets at Yorktown and Gloucester were crowded with sol-
diers, the shipping in tin- rivci >oats and transports— wen
black with mom and flags and streamers flew fr >m every available
point, afloat and ashore. When passing the gunboal Mahaska, its
sailors ran up the rigging and gave in three cheers, which were
answered with a will. Altogether, il was a prorations beginning
to a hew career.
After running down the river for two miles, the ( il \
DEPARTMENT OF NOR Til CAROLINA. 99
dropped anchor. At about four o'clock in the evening Colonel
Plaisted and the companies that had accompanied him to For-
tress Monroe, and the Ninety-eighth New York, boarded the
GahavSba, About eleven o'clock in the forenoon of the 29th of
December, after making a hawser fast to the ship Monticello, a
big sailing vessel that was loaded with troops and. stores, we put
to sea with other vessels. It was soon known .through the
Cakawba that the sealed orders .we had sailed nuclei had been
opened, and that our destination was Beaufort, N. 0. There
we -were to report to Major-General John G. Foster, Commander
of the Department of North Carolina.
Of this trip, our first ocean one, let us sec- what the diarists
have to say. I fancy Corporal Lary hints at an uncomfortable
experience, with his brief records: (i On the ocean," "On the
ocean." Maxfield and Morton thought it quite enough to note, of
the 30th, that a head wind blew hard all clay, and that the night
of that date was a rough one. During this night the Monticello
broke loose twice, and was then left to her own resources, the
captain of the Caliaioba declining to take the risk of a_
attaching a hawser to her.
Towards night of the 30th we passed two ironclads, one the
famous Monitor, and the other the Passaic, a sister boat, each
towed by a steamer— passed so close to the Monitor that we could
seethe big waves clashing across her low deck, over which ba
legged sailors were scampering in attending to their duties. In
Op i a
the night we could see the lighter rockets in tb i dire (tion in whii u
we last saw the Monitor, and grave fears were expressed for
I fate. She sank that night.
Professor Soley, V. S. Navy, in his admirable book, "The
Blockade and the Cruisers," gives a stirring account of the loss
this ironclad. We cull from it, as it serves a double purpos
gives the story of the fate of the most famous war-vessel of i
fleet, and describes with the peu of an expert the course of the
storm that we poor landsmen had the ill-fortune to encounter
off Hatteras :
"On the afternoon of the 29th of December,
set out for Beaufort in tow of the Rhode Mand, .... A
clear, pleasant day, when a light wind wasblowing from thesouth-
west, and everything promised fair weather. . . . The Mon-
itor was accompanied by the Passaic, which was in tow of the
100
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
mate of Georgia. All went well until the morning of the second
day, when the ships began to feel a swell from the southward.
Gradually the wind freshened, and the sea broke over the pilot-
house of the Monitor. ... As evening came on and Hat-
teras was passed, matters began to grow worse. The wind
increased and hauled to the southeast, causing a heavy sea.
. . . The sea rose fast, submerging the pilot-house and furr-
ing its way into the turret and blowing pipes. At two o'clock
it became evident that no efforts would avail to save the ship,
and Bankhead made the signal of distress, cut the hawser, and
ranged up under the lee of the Rhode Island. Boats were
lowered, and the dangerous work begun of rescuing the crew of
the sinking ironclad, over whose deck the seas were now break-
ing in <piiek succession. . . . The Itliede Island's cutter took
off a boat load of men successfully, but the launch was stov< b;
the working of the Monitor, and Trenchard, finding that his own
vessel [the Iiliode Island] was imperiled by the sharp bow i ucl
sides of his companion, was obliged to move away.
i( It was now near midnight, the ship was sinking fas!, the
rising water had put out the fires, engines and pumps had
stopped, and again the Monitor fell off into the trough of tl
where she rolled sluggishly. Seeing this, Bankhead let g
anchor, which brought her head to the wind. The greati r ,■. rl
of the crew had now been rescued, but a few had been washed
overboard, and twenty or so still remained on board, waiting ■■
the boats to return. . . . Slowly and cautiously th<
approached, keeping off with her oars from the side of the iron-
clad, and while Bankhead held the painter she took off tin
of the crew — all but a few poor fellows who, ^■/■■~.'\ end ten
could not be made to leave the turret. Lad of all, Bankhead
jumped in, and the boat pulled towards the Rhode Tslai d, an '
was got safelv on board. A few moments more, and the Mb)
slowly settled and disappeared.-"
On the morning of the 31st of December, though the win i
still high, the sea went down, and the Cal I m to make
headway. She had drifted back ninety miles in her i
There was still a rousrh sea. and very many of as were Diisei
seasiek during this day. Early in the night, anchor was i
on New Veer's morning, 1SC3, v- could sec land aboui four i
off, and mx miles north could seen Qeel of ships gathering.
DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA. 101
signal was hoisted for a pilot, who soon came aboard. Steering
the Cahawha towards the fleet, she soon ran through it, and lay
alongside a wharf at Morehead City, passing close under the walls.
of Fort Macon in running into the harbor.
Although in port early in the day, it was dark wheu we dis-
embarked. We marched to Carolina City, three miles away,
where we went into camp. The spot chosen was not a favorable
one apparently, for Xewcomb notes of it : " Want of forethought
and foreaetion was, as usual, provokingly manifested in the choice
of our camp ground." He describes Carolina City as consisting
of three houses, a barn, a railroad depot, and the ruins of a large
hotel.
Little cf interest to the d^arjsJs seems to have takes pla$e a!
Carolina City. Morton notes that the weather was mainly cool
and uncomfortable : that we heightened our shelter tents by the
use of hard-bread box boards, driving them into the sand so as to
make tent sides of about a foot in height ; notes that the ground
did not retain moisture as Virginia clay did ; that apples were
plenty for those with money to buy them; and that the wicked.
sutler was arrested for selling goods on Sunday. Lieutenant
Xewcomb notes that we were here exposed to three heavy rain-
storms, with only miserable shelter cents to protect us ; that the
health of the regiment was better than when at Yorktown :
that the Ringold Minstrels, an amateur troupe organized in the
One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, gave an amusing enter-
tainment in the railroad depot. Maxfield notes, of the s:ime
entertainment, and a little resent tally, that only officers were
admitted. He had. just been promoted from a private in Company
C to commissary sergeant of the regiment, and, feeling his stripes
a little just then, was chagrined to find them of less consequence
than shoulder straps.
Orders were read on parade on the 8th of January, which
informed us that we were now attached to (lie I ' ath Corps,
and were in the Second Brigade of its Second Divi ion, '
General Xaglee as the division con:;!/-.-" and Colonel Davis
brigade commander.
On the 17th of January, General N a glee's farewell to the brij
was read on parade. We reprint it.
102 the story of oxe regiment.
Headquarters, Naglee's Division,
Ney\-i5Ekx, a. C, January 8th, 1868.
General Orders Wo. 3.
The several regiments of the late First Brigade, commanded by
General Naglee, will inscribe upon their banners tbe following
names, indicating important events in the history of the war in
which they acted a conspicuous part, namely :
Lee's Mills, April 2Wi, '1862.
104-th and 52cl Penna. Vols., 11th Maine, 5Cth and 100th K Y.
Vols.
Williamsburg, May bth, 1862.
104th and 52d Penna, Vols., 11th Maine, 50th and 100th N. V.
Vols.
Chickakomzmj, May lMh, 1862.
104th and 52d Penna, Vols., 11th Maine, and 56th X. Y. Vols.
Eeconnoissance to Seven Pine?. May 24th, 25th, and 26th,
1862— 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., 11th Maine, 5.6th, 100th,
and 98th X. Y. Vols.
"Seven Pines," or Fair Oaks, May 31*/, 1862.
104th and 52d Penna. Vols., 11th Maine, 50th and 100th X. V.
' Vols.
Railroad and Bottom's Bridges, Jane Vlth and 28th, 1862.
104th and 52d Penna. Vols., 11th Maine, 56th and 100th X. Y.
Vols.
While Oak Swamp Bridge, June 30th, 1862.
i04Hi and 52d Penna. Vols., 11th Maine, 56th and 1^>'-:U X Y.
' Vols.
Carta's Hill, July 2d, 1862.
104th and 5 2d Penna. Vols.. 11th Maine, 56th and 100th X. Y.
Vols.
Matthews County, November 22d, 1862.
11th Maine, 52d Penna. Vols., [u h [) rident Battalion X. Y. Vols.
Gloucester, Va., Dec n :* r IZth, 1802.
52d Penna. Vols., 11th Maine, 56th and 100th X. Y. Vols.
Yorktown, August K/' to December 1 W, 1862.
101th and 52d Penna. Vols., lltli Maine, 56th; 81st, 9Sth, 100th
X. Y., and Indepemh \\\ Battalion X. } . \ ols.
DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA. 103
The general lately commanding the brigade most happily fcakes
this occasion to congratulate the officers and soldiers with whom
he has been so intimately associated.
Whilst memory lasts, it will continually recur to the scenes of
deprivation and danger and blood and battle through which you
have passed, and you will remember your inexperience and dis-
content, and then your discipline and friendly, happy affiliation.
All will remember with regret the deadly effects of the swamps
before Yorktown.
You were the first iirthe advance upon Williamsburg, and when
ordered by General McOlellan to support General Hancock, the
enemy gave up the contest.
On the 19th of May, at Bottom's Bridge, you waded waist deep
in the swamps of the Ohickahominy, you drove away the enemy,
and were the first to cross that stream.
On the 23d, 170 of your number made a reconnoissanec from
Bottom's Bridge to the James River, near Drury's Bluff, and.
returned bringing valuable information.
On the 24th, 25th, and 26th, after other troops had failed, you
made the gallant, dashing reconnoissanec of the Seven Pines, driv-
ing the superior force of General Stuart from Bottom's Bridge to
within four and a half miles of Richmond, the position near. I
I "that ciiv ever occupied by our troops.
On the 31st of May^at "Fair Oaks/' or "Seven Pines," occu-
pying the above advanced position, your brigade made the most
desperate, bloody, obstinate fight of the war, and while we mour
the loss of one-half of our comrades in arms, you have the con-
solation of knowing that by their heroic sacrifice and} our stubh
resistance you saved the Army of the Potomac from great disaster.
On the 27th, 2Sth, and 29th of Juno, the rebel General Jacks
hurled his immense force suddenly upon our right and passed
that flank of the army, and all turned with extreme solici
towards the rear at Bottom's Bridge, which, if crossed, would re-
sult in irretrievable ruin ; and it should be a source of gi< at pi
and satisfaction in the future to remember thai
anxiety was dispelled, and all breathed with relief and felt secure,
when it; rapidly ran through the army thai " Naglee's brigade had
destroyed the bridge- and stood night and day for three days in
the middle of the Ohickahominy, succc fully and continually
resisting its passage."
Again, on the following day, you held a post of the giv.
importance and danger at the White Oak Swamp. The m
determined efforts of the enemy to ci ■ • bri< rsuit of
our army were thwarted by oui artillery, and you stood for ten
hours supporting it, quiet spectators of the most terrific cannon-
ade, whilp other regiments vera only kepi in place by b
ordered back when they approached" your line. Ketrea
night, you stood ready in position ou the following day, ex]
to be ordered to take part in the battle at .Malvern Hill.
104 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Botreati.ng again .all night, at Carter'* Kill on the 2d of July
you stood by the artillery and wagon train, and, when til) expected
it would be destroyed, you brought it safely to Harrison's Lauding.
•During December you destroyed a doze7i large salt-works in
Matthews County, Virginia, and drove the Rangers from thai and
Gloucester, Middlesex, and King and Queen Counties, captured
large herds intended for the rebel army, and destroyed all their
barracks, stables, and stores.
At Xorktown, from August to the end of December, you have
restored the works at that place and Gloucester Point, and they
are by your labor rendered strong and defensible.
Thus is yours the honor of having been the first to pass, and the
last to leave, the Chiekahommy, and while you led the advance
from this memorable place to near Richmond, you were the last
in the retreating column when, after seven days' constant fighting,
it reached a place of security arid rest at Harrison's Landing.
Your descendants for generations will boast of the gallant con-
duct of the regiments to which you belong, and, when all are laid
in the dust, history7 will still proclaim the glorious deeds performed
by you.
Soon! "The truth is mighty and will prevail. " Pretenders
for a time may rob you of your just deserts, but, as you have
experienced, their evil report will certainly be exposed ; for your
many friends at home, ever watchful of ; I identified with your
reputation, will see that justice shall he do re.
A new page in your history is about to be written. Lei il b
still more brilliant than that already known. Your past good
conduct has won the warmest esteem and confidence of your late
Brigade Commander ; lie has no apprehensions for the future.
By command of Brig. -Gen. Henry M. Naglee,
Commanding Division.
(Signed,) Geo. H. douxsTOx,
Captain and A, A. (1 .
Official :
(Signed,) Henry 0. Fox, Adjula ''■
The concentration of troops that too!, place in North Carolina
in the last months of 1S62 sy&s as well known in Richmond and
Charleston as in Washington and New Vork. In hut. rebel
spies in North Carolina and in the North, and ihv Northern
newspapers,, gave the Confederates full informal ti of the move-
ments of our troops. In Beauregard's "Military Operations " we
find that he knew in October, 1S62, that "the Northern news-
papers were filled with indications <>\ an approaching attacl
Charleston. " In Decembi r, Mr. Seddons, the Confcd< rate Secre-
tary of War, telegraphed him information from a friend of their
DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA. 105
cause in [Nassau : "With the assurance that -it comes from Hew
York by a trustworthy source, stares that the attack ou Charleston
will be made about the holidays, by four ironclads. This news
• has not yet got into the papers."
Beauregard telegraphed the Governor of South Carolina, under
date of January 7, 1863, an urgent call for the enrolling of every
able-bodied man to resist a possible invasion. He urged : %; The
enemy is reported to be assembling in heavy force at JSTewbern,
N". G., as is supposed with a view to move on both Wilmington
and Weldon at the same time. These operations, if successful.
will cut off our communication with Virginia and the seat of
government. Charleston and Savannah may, however, he the
real points of attack."
The speculations of we poor soldiers led ns over about the same
ground that those of Beaiueegard led him, we rathei inclining
to the opinion that Charleston was our real objective point. But
neither he nor we were to remain long in suspense. Orders were
received to prepare to leave Carolina City on the 21st of January.
We marched to Morehead City during the forenoon, where we
remained at a halt for^three hours. Lieutenant Newcomb de-
scribes Morehead City as consisting of the ruins of a couple of
grist mills and a steam sawmill, and the remains of extensive salt-
works, with probably three dozen good dwelling-houses still stand-
ing. The only business carried on was the making of rosin, and
this to but a limited extent.
Towards evening we went on board a small steamer, and ji
the sunset gun was fired from Fort Macon our boat started
from the wharf to convey us to the CaJtaiolta, lying in (Jeep water.
We found the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania on
CaJutwba, with General Naglee, Colonel Davis, and their stalls. Of
course, as the headquarters of the division and of the brigade, the
Cahawba preempted the brigade band.
We did not put to sea until the 20th of January. During all
this time we remained ou board the Cahawba, anchored first olT
Beaufort, and then near Fort Macon. Crowded together as w<
were, and confined to narrow shipboard limits, with stormy
weather too, we had a very uncomfortable time of it. And the
Cahawba had a habit of swinging into incautious boats, so that
there wore- frequently the alarms of a bump a crash, a and
snapping of timbers, and an uprising oJ marine profanity thai
106 THE STORY OF OXE KEG I M EXT.
was above all decent description. After the first few collisions,
however, we were somewhat reconciled, as we found that our big
transport was always the victor; and, at last, we must have begun
to take a pride in the old ship's prowess. In no other way can 1
account for the complaisant tone of this note in Maxfield's diary :
"We have run into several steamers, injuring them"; and in
Morton's : li Ran into a steamer, a gunboat, and a schooner last
night,"
But the (Jahawba was not. always to go scot free. As to every
bully, its day came, "the gunboat Monticello crashing into her
and smashing the larboard paddle box."
So full of shipping; was the harbor — transports,, gunboats, coal-
boats, schooners loaded with forage and subsistence, and what not
of a marine nature— that it was a wonder, what with their chang-
ing their births, drifting with wind and tide, crossing and reeross-
ing bows and sterns, that there were not many deplorable acci-
dents instead of a few harmless- collisions.
The order to sail came, and in the afternoon of January 29th
we steamed away, crossing the bar at six o'clock, the Oahatoba
maintaining irs reputation by nearly running down another boat
at the mouth of the harbor, here quite narrow. It was a stirriug
sight : breakers rolling in on every side, the wide ocean swelling
and lifting away to the horizon, and ships— steamers and sailing
vessels— speeding in flocks and singly, all steering clue south.
A. rough night and day followed, and many v. r< seasick, but
the sea went down in the night oi the 30th, and on the morning
of the 3 1st it was as smooth and gentle as it never capabl< of
ring a landsman's bile. About ten o'clock in the forei
anchored at Hilton Head, 6nding ourselves in a grert and con-
stantly growing fleet of vessels of all kinds.
CHAPTER XII.
DEPARTMENT OF THE .SOUTH.
I
We Land on St. Helena Island— Incidents of Life There — The Breaking
up of Naglee's Brigade — Differences between General Officers of the
Department — General Nag-lee Leaves the Department — The First At-
tack on Charleston — Its Failure and the Causes — The Military Opera-
tions That had Taken Place in the Department of the South — The
Negro as a Soldier— The Northern Idea of Charleston's Defenses
and Defenders.
Yei-iy little had been done in this Department after Port Royal
was captured in the first days of November, 1861, when a fleet of
transports, carrying General Thomas Vv. Sherman, with 13,000
men, conveyed by Commodore Dupont, with a dozen war-vessels,
arrived off Port Royal. Dupont opened on the forts on Hilton
Head and Phillips Islands, and after a severe bombardment suc-
ceeded in driving their defenders into the interior. The Union
troops then landed, and overran the whole district without oppo-
sition.
The force opposing Sherman and Dupont was estimated at
2,500 men and fifty guns. The victory was a naval one; one of
heavy guns, and, as usual in heavy artillery work, the casualties
were few — less than one hundred on h >th sides.
In tlit- following January a portion of the land force, under
General Stevens, attacked the enemy's works at Tort Royal Ferry,
where the shell road from Beaufort to Charleston crosses the
Ooosaw River. They captured the works, but only to be driven
back, a few hours later.
In March, 1862, General Sherman was relieved by General
Hunter. General Sherman had not made the vigorous move-
ments that it' was expected he would, and General Hunter, aftej
the reduction of '.Fort Pulaski by Captain Gillmorc's batteries
(planted during the regime of Sherman) and an abortive attc
to seize James Island, settled down to the work of gathering the
negroes into schools and in organizing colored regiment,-, carrying
?
\
103
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
out, m conjunct ion with General Saxt'bn, the military governor of
so much of South Carolina as he could hold,, "certain philan-
thropic experiments of anti-slavery advocates/' according to the
historian of the Forty-eighth New York.
In October, 1862, General Hunter was relieved in his turn,
General Mitchell taking command. After a consideration of the
situation, Genera] Mitchell wrote North: "I have no faith in s
iug troops to this Department. Let me be brought North with all
my veteran, troops here/" To this Secretary Chase" wrote a reply,
in which he said : " I think you err in desiring to come North
with the best troops of the Department. In my judgment the
successes of the next three months must be chiefly on the coast of
the Atlantic and the Gulf."
General Mitchell then, began to organize reconnaissances, one of
winch, under G-eneral Brannan, raided the Charleston & Savan-
nah Railroad. General Mitchell died of yellow fevei imme-
diately after this raid, and General Hunter returned to the com-
mand of tho Department, and again ail military operations were
subordinated to the elevation of the negro. Ami, really, as it is
neatly summed up in the biography of General Mitchell : "The
Department of the South never was of an) benefit in suppressing
the rebellion, except as a naval rendezvous/'
We do not propose to criticise the wisdom of enrolling the ne-
groes. As the Government had to care for them, it was the best
school that could have been devised for its wards. Bui the -
that makes aggressive soldiers was noi in them. Slaves by I
and training, the pride that makes courage was lacking— did noi
exist and wherever pui to the tesi they failed. Th I
ing made bv the Fif I r-f< ui'th Massachusetts, under Colonel Shaw,
at Fort Wagner, does not traverse this statement. The Fifty-
fourth was made up of Northern in ro . b >rn free and rais<
leo-al equality, the flower of tin ir i i ■ in Vmerica ; and 1 submit
that they owe much of the length ami breadth of their repul
to their color, and to the social position and heroi i death oi
white colonel.
Certainly he died gloriously, but I cannol find in the storm of
the assault on Warner, in which he die I, that his followers showed
anvtbim; like the daring bravery of the men of such regiments as
the Fortv-eiirhth New Yorl ? . ■
cut • these finhtin" their way into the fort, and holding a bastion
■
DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. 109
through the night, in spile of the desperate efforts of the Confed-
erates to dislodge them.
The colored regiments were fairly officered ; all holding commis-
sions were white, and nearly all the officers had been non-commis-
sioned officers in veteran white regiments. But there was a
reluctance among" the best men in white regiments to accept com-
missions in colored regiments, in which they would have rank and
pay, but not a standing among officers of white regiments. This
feeling was exemplified by our Sergeant-Major when Colonel
Littlelield of the Fourth South Carolina said to him : "Sergeant-
Major, how would you like a captaincy in my regiment ?" "Not
at all, not at all/* was the curt reply. "Why not?*' was the
surprised inquiry. ie Because I'd rather be sergeant-major of a
white regiment than colonel of a colored one/' was the answer of
our bluii and ever frank-tougued friend.
It was fondly hoped by the 'North that Foster's expedition
would bring about the capture of Charleston, "the cradle of the
rebellion/''' To capture Richmond would be grand, but to capture
Charleston would be glorious— the birthplace of secession, where
the signal gun of the rebellion had been tired. An ardent desire
possessed the Northern mind to know that the flag was floating
I over Fort Sumter once more, and whoever would give them this
vengeful victory would win glory and gratitude. And it seemed
'so easy to the uninitiated; just to run the ironclads in, battel
Sumter down, let loose the infantry, and, hurrah !
The following paragraph from a New York newspaper of the
period gives the Northern view of the ease with which the cit)
could be captured. Those of us that were rather near neighbors
of Sumter arid Moultrie a. few months later will laugh a lii.il-
the belief that these funs were encased in iron. We learned thai
\ they were more invulnerable to bombardment than iron could
make them, that pulverized rock and sand come nearer to making
walls of safety for their defenders than eould thrice triple plate.,
of handed iron. This is the paragraph: "A letter from the
blockading squadron <>ir Charleston, jusi received in Boston, saw
that, from observations v\ ith powerful gia ses and the statenu nta of
deserters, it is evident that Charleston is strongly fortified. There
is no doubt that Fort Moultrie, as well as Port Sumter, is iron-
clad, and thai the rebels have a considerable number of very
powerful guns in position. Still, if no accidents happen to our
1.10 THE STOBY OF ONE REGIMENT.
ironclads (and a number still be kept in reserve to meet enier< en-
cies), the admiral in command [Dupont] is confident that he
will be able to capture the city. The land troops at Charleston
consist mainly of conscripts, who would not probably make a verv
stout resistance to our march inward, in case the city should be
captured. When the letter was written it was not known when
the assault would be made."
It was some time before it was made. We lay at Port Royal
for two months before the first step was taken toward the object
of our coming- into this Department. During this time
were variously occupied. Arriving at Hilton Head on the morn-
mg of the 31st of January, we lay in the harbor until the 2d da}
of February, when the Cahcucha steamed to Beaufort, ten miles
inland, where we lauded, that the ship might be swabbed and
drenched into something like cleanliness. Y\re disembarked at
Beaufort in the morning of the 3d, and went into camp, reem-
barking on the afternoon of the -Ith, returning to near Hilton
Head the next day.
The day spent in Beaufort was passed in fraternizing with the
members of the Eighth Maine, encamped there, many of win
members were relatives and town friends of many of us. Ri
ing to Hilton Head, we remained on the Cahawba until the
when our division disembarked on St. Helena Island, and went
into camp. And it was time that it did, for the long confix]
on shipboard, where we were unable to secure pure air or
ties necessary to cleanliness, induced much sickness; a sort of
fever breaking oui which sent many to hospital, and bn
about a number of deaths. With the enlarged freedom s<
by our landing, the health of the regim mt speedily in,;
Little of interest took place for some time now. From the
diaries I learn that during February and March there were drills
—company, battalion, and brigade— and many reviews:
the Ninth Maine was stationed at Hilton Mo-m\ [sland, and thai
much visiting took place between the members of the two pi
ments. A note in Morton's diarj tells as thai an i
issued for roll calls to b math e^ >■ tw< ' the da\ :
this, as there were complaints of brutality of unknown - Idi
the negroes on the island. There were a mull £ "contr
bands" encamped on it, besides drovos of the native <
bad remained in their huts on the abandoned cotton plantati
DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. Ill
The 26th of January a War Dee.a> tim>id a-rder was read on
parade, by which we learned that we were permanently attached
to the Eighteenth Corps, and under Hunter.
Captain Sabine rejoined from Maine on the 1st of March,
bringing with him a new set of, colors — a ilag and markers.
This ilag was "the map of the Peninsula," as someone called it,
it baying in bright gilt letters "the name of nearly every station
of the regiment/' as Newcomh puts it. It was formally pre-
sented to the regiment on the 21th of the month.
On Sundays the brigade band played at our regiment's dress
parade. In March mosquitoes and sandflies began to plague ns.
Muggy weather is reported for the 12th, and so vehement; did the
sun become about this date that the tents had to be Govered with
palmetto branches, spread on arbor frames made of crotched
uprights and crossed sticks. On the 22d of March the One
Hundredth New York left the island for some point unknown
to us.
The disintegration of our old brigade now began, and the regi-
meuts brought together on Meridian Hill were soon wide1}' sep-
arated. The One Hundredth New York alone rejoined us, but
not until a year later. And now Naglee entirely severed his con-
nection with us.
It would appear that as soon as we reached Port Royal diffi r
ences arose between Generals Hunter and Foster as to whk i
command the expedition against Charleston. General Foster
naturally thought thai, as he brought the troops from North (
lina that were to make the attack, the honor of taking Charlc ton
should be his; besides, as he was identified, as a Lieutenant of
Engineers, with the defense of Summer against Beauregard's bat-
teries in April. 1861, he may have bad a sentimental desire to
figure as its captor. But Hunter was as strenuous that, as 1 la-
commander of the troops already identified with the Department,
the glory of capturing Charleston should be bis. And then the
question of negro regiments was a bone of contention. Elm
a strong Abolitionist, win"' had already i^ued a proclamation of
emancipation that was repudiated by the Government, and who
was rather given to posing for the admiration of the wing of
the. Republican party he had identified himself with, was i
entlv cocksure of the cfficienc) of his in n troops, tany
of the officers of Foster's command were very dubious as to tbe
112 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
wisdom of their enrollment. The following extract from a paper
of the time gives the opinion that General Hunter and his North-
ern admirers held of his rights in the premises :
"Major-General Hinder deserves the thanks of the country for
Ids prompt dealing with the malcontent officers of the corps from
North Carolina, which was recently sent to his Department.
These officers, because they thought Major-General Foster ought
to lead the forces in South Carolina, systematically disregarded
General Hunters orders, and studiously embarrassed his plans,
Because they found negro soldiers in South Carolina, they openly
declared that, if the Union had got to he saved by such means, it
should not be saved at all, and put themselves actively to the work
of stirring up insubordination and mutiny among the whj
soldiers. General Hunter, in promptly putting some of these
men under arrest, and expelling others from his Department, hi •
discharged Ids part of the duty in the premises."
The charge of inciting insubordination and mutiny is, of
course, a ptoss exaggeration, as is that statine; that they c,'openlv
declared/" etc.
Soon after, according to a later-dated issue of the same paper,
there was a sort of reconciliation between Hunter and Foster.
It staled : "The question as to the division of command betwi
Generals' Hunter and Foster, arising from imperfect instructions,
lias been settled to i)\e satisfaction of all parties, and General
Foster has returned to Port Royal to take the personal command
of his own troops. General Hunters authority in the Dcpi
rnent and in the direction of the expedition is undisturbed, and
we may hope to hear, at an carlj day, that the forces under his
control are in motion against the enemy. "
Bed this arrangement was of short duration. General Foster
soon returned to North Carolina, and General Naglee was orde
to report at Washington. He turned his command ovei to
General Heckman, and issued bis farewell ordei to the divisi .
This was read on parade on tin' Gfch of Mini) ; and on the 9th
nearly all the officers of bis old I renl ov< r to the stean -
that was to take him North, to bid him farewell.
General Na<4ee was imperious in disposition, and with. -at ;<
bit of veneration fur mere authority, lie was, coi sequi i tly, in
freqneni collision wit!) the powers that were, lie; In was a
kindly commander, and though reputed quick ami sharp
t ' -
I DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. 11?,
1
j
speech. J do not remember his ever using a haish word to
those of us connected with his military household ; and as an
orderly at brigade headquarters I came in daily contact with him
for some months. His bravery, his gallantry, and his martial
appearance — for surely no handsomer soldier ever sat in a saddle
— endeared him to his old brigade.
A few words from MaxfiekV's diary — words from the heart evi-
dently, and without a thought of their ever being seen by other
eyes than his own— gives us an idea of the feeling Naglee inspired
in one of the coolest of us : iC St. Helena Island, S. C, February
24th. — -Grand review by Major-General Hunter. Hunter puts on
considerable style. As he rode along, accompanied by his staff,
General Xaglee and staff, and Admiral Dupont, ]-..- resembled an
Eastern monarch. But, for all this, he could, not but look inferior
while riding beside the gallant i\ragleeA
I witnessed this review from the rear of the reviewing position,
and a fine sight it was to see the eighteen veteran regiments — some-
thing like ten thousand men — brought from North Carolina and
Virginia,, march past. There was Heekmairs brigade, compo
of the Twenty-third Massachusetts, the Ninth New Jersey, the
Eighty-first and Ninety-eighth New York ; Stevens's brigade, in
which were the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts and the Tenth Con-
necticut ; and two other brigades besides our own — the old Naglee
brigade, which was composed of the One Hundred and Fourth
and Fifty-second Pennsylvania, the Eleventh Maine, the One
Hundredth New York, and the picturesquely uniformed French
Battalion from Xew York, with its wild, music oi blaring bugtes
and rolling drums, These last-named regiments marched by their
old brigade commander, stepping beautifully, ratter lor ins
approval than for that of any other mau, and. he looked proudly
and silently on until the head of the Eleventh readied the revj
ing position, then leaned over and whispered a tewlaughing words
into Hunter's ear, that caused that regally attended gentleman to
smile and look with curious interest at the stalwart Pine rl
State men as they strode by. Naglee lost no opportunity of exalt-
ing the name of his " Yankee squad " ; for the unfaltering devo-
tion of the companies with the colors at Fair Oaks, the cool action
of the regiment at White Oak Swamp, and the promptness ;
v%or always displayed by lie- Eleventh in carrying out his - .
lad touched an answering chord in his own bold breast,
8
114 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
We served under many general officers during the remaining
years of the war—Terry, Foster, Biru.ey, Gibbon, Ord— -but to
none did we give the unquestioned obedience that we always gave
A'aglee. We respected their abilities, and followed them with
confidence, bat always with a reservation of opinion as to the
wisdom of this or that order. But to Naglee our loyalty was an
unquestioning one, and he was a bold man who would have dared
criticise any act or order of his in our cam}). Yvre of the Eleventh
never forgot him, he was the standard by which we measured all
other commanders, his sayings and doings were affectionately
remembered, and the recruits of later days listened to many a
camp-fire story of his bravery, of his coolness in battle, of his gal-
lant bearing everywhere; listened till they. too. came to rego 1
with his own veteran followers the fate that took him from us.
In the month of April a movement was made on -Charleston.
On the 3d of that mouth we received orders to cook four days'
rations, to pack up, and he ready to start at any time. On the 4th
we struck tents, starting away late in the afternoon, and towards
night reached the wharf, when we went on board the CiUj of
Bath, to be ferried out to the Cahawba, lying in the stream.
About seven o'clock in the morning of the 5th the Cdhawba
weighed anchor, and put to sea with a fleet of vessels. It was a
beautiful day, and as we steamed over a calm and glistening sea,
our brigade band, on board the Gahaioba, playing now senti-
mental, now martial airs, it seemed rather a gala-day affair than
one of ci grim-visaged war." About two o'clock in the aftern
we anchored of ISorth Edisto Inlet—a broad deep waterway, a sort
of landlocked harbor, the mouth ei the North Edisto River— a
capital point from which to kind an;! eut the Charleston &
Savannah Railroad, but a few miles from our anchorage. We lay
in this roadstead, with other crowded transports and a few gun-
boats, during the Oth, 7th, 8th, and 9th, expecting the fleet to
force its way past Sumter and .Moultrie am] into the harbor.
Should thev promise to succeed in tin-, we were to lard am! march
on the rear of Vne city.
The fleet attacked in the afternoon (if the 7th, and after an
I artillery [duel [of two hours and a half duration was forced to
withdraw. It was Admiral Dupont's intention to attack I
dav, but, oh the commanders of the ironclads coming on beard
the flagship — the Ironsides±~that evening and stating the injure -
DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. 115
to their vessels, which were of varying severity, from tho~e of the
Keokuk, which sank the next morning, clown to a morel}' riddled
smokestack, the Admiral determined not to resume the attack, as,
in Ins judgment, it would have converted a failure into a disaster.
Had he succeeded in entering the harbor he would have had but
twelve hundred men with thirty-two guns, as five of his seven iron-
clads were wholly or partially disabled. In brief, the ironclad
fleet was overmatched by the weight of the Confederate fire, and,
had it succeeded in passing the outer forts and in entering the
harbor, if would probably have been sunk by the heavy fire of the
inner batteries. And were the ironclads successful in entering the
harbor, if they remained afloat, they could be boarded by boat
parties in the night.
In the month of January G-enerai Beauregard had suggested that
six boat parties be organized and trained to attack at night such
of the ironclads as succeeded in penetrating info the harbor. The
suggestion reads : <{ The men should be armed with revolvers, if
practicable, and provided with blankets with which to close all
apertures, also with iron wedges and sledges to stop the towers
from revolving ; with bottles of burning fluid to throw into the
towers, with leather bags of powder to throw into the smoke-
stacks, and. with ladders of about ten feet in length to Storm
the towers in case of need/5 The actual organization of this corps
does not seem to have been carried out, but doubtless in an exi-
gency enough volunteers would have offered to mak< 11 possible
to try this novel boarding scheme, though the chi d res are t;"
the most useful of the list of articles the boarders were to carry
would hare been the life-preservers in addition to the other-iiainecl
articles; for, what with boarding nettings and the small arm
the monitors, and the ease with which a big shot can be drh
through the bottom of a small boat, boarding parties would h
been likely to have to swim for it.
On the very evening of the attack, Admiral Dnponl received a
confidential letter from the Secretary of the Navy, desiring !
after attacking Charleston, to send all the iro]
dition directly to New Orleans, reserving only two of them.
Washington idea is given in an unofficial letter from tbe Assistant
Secretary of the lSTavy, thai accompanied the letter of S
Welles: ■ "Mattel* are at a standstill on the Mississippi River,
the President was with difficulty restrained from sending off
116 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Hunter and till the ironclads directly to Xew Orleans ihr opening
of the Mississippi being the principal object to be obtained." So
altogether, in the condition of the fleet, and with the virtual orders
of the Navy Department in mind, when, on the night after the
attack on the forts, some of General Hunter's stall officers boarded
the Ironsides, with the proposition that the army and fleet
cooperate in the reduction of Morris Island, it could not be enter-
tained by Admiral Dupont.
Our mission was at an end, and on the 10th we returned to
Port Royal, and the next day steamed to Beaufort, where we
landed and went into cam}), as did the Fifty-second and One
Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania regiments.
It was our last cruise on the steamer Cahawba. Afflicted as it
was with the third plague of Egypt, it had been our home for so
many days, had borne us safely over such a stretch of water, in
storm and calm, that we had .contracted a rough affection for the
stout old. transport ; and for Mr. Davis her first mate, too. We
had heard the command from the wheel-house so often of,
<e Stand by your anchor, Mr. Davis," and the hoarse return of
that old mariner^ "Ay, ay, sir," that he seemed part of the ship
itself. As the regiment came alongside to go on board the
Cahawba, to take a part in this Charleston expedition, our men
saw the head of the rough old sailor peering over the side of th<
Cahawba. What a yell of "Stand by your anchor, Mr. Davis,"
rang out of five hundred throats ! 1 am sorry to have to state
instead of the orthodox reply to this nautical command, Mi
Davis only growled, "There's that damned Eleventh Maine
b
again."
CHAPTER XIII.
BEAUFORT^ S. C.
Its Abandonment by it? White Inhabitants, unci Occupancy by the Union
Forces — Raids of United States Negro Troops from this Point —The
Confederate Weakness in South Carolina — Incidents of our Life in
Beaufort—We Are Ordered to Fcrnandinn, Fla,
Beaufort was the borne of many of the planters owning the
productive cotton and rice plantations of the archipelago of sea
islands comprising what was known to us as the Beaufort district.
The houses were spacious, and were mainly surrounded by o
beautiful grounds and gardens, now neglected and grown up in
tangled luxuriance of semi-tropical flowers and plants. The wl
residents left tlio city en masse when the news came that the f<
at Port Royal had fallen; Admiral Ammen says that there was
not a white person left there when the Union troops marched
into it. But there were any number of negroes to receive them,
and to occupy the deserted mansions, for the attempt of the whites
to drive their slaves before them, in their exodus failed largely,
some thousands of negroes remaining behind, and their number
was constantly added to by the raids made into the interior.
Lieutenant Newcomb describes one of these raids. We will copy
his words, adding the comments of Confederate authorities:
-'June 3d, 1863.— Colonel Montgomery- has returned from an expe-
dition into the interior with his region al oj darkies, and
brought some five hundred contrabands, mostly women and,
children. I have been down to the church where they are ti
porarily. They make a motley crew. It is reported ;•
company destroyed thirty-four plantations, buildings all bun
In all, upwards of a million dollars* worth of property was destroyed.
Montgomery did not lose a man. The d »n of u .
private dwellings is much deplored."
In Beauregard's "Military Operations" this raid is treated of
in this way: -'The enemy advanced as far as Combahec ferry,
burned the ponton bridge at that place, and the houses on the
118 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
river side, and moved up as it determined to march into the
interior. The Federal forces employed on this expedition were
mainly colored troops drawn from General Sax ton's command at
Beaufort, After pillaging and burning as they are wont to do,
they carried oil' with them numbers of negro slave? from the
adjoining plantations, but went no further and withdrew pre-
cipitately."
At this very time the Confederate forces were so weak in South
. Carolina that Beauregard's chief of stall' wrote General Ripley,
f commanding the military division in which Charleston was
situated : ,e Of course, there are not troops enough available in the
Department to hold the line of the railroad (the Charleston &
Savannah), if the enemy aim seriously at its possession ; but as it
may be a mere raid, which may be foiled, it will bo best, perhaps,
to send all disposable infantry from Sullivan's Island, and a
section of Preston's, or some other battery, without delay, say
with ten days' rations."
It is fair to presume from this that a well-directed effort at
this time would have secured possession of this railroad, so vital
to the combinations of the Confederate defense of Charleston and
Savannah ; not only this railroad, but of the one leading to the
interior. General Beauregard warned the Confederate War De-
partment on May 2d: "It must not be lost right of that my
communications with Savannah can be cat by the enemy, without
• the use of a large force, whene'er be may choose to attempt it.
... Furthermore, it were then but a simple and i
military operation for a column— not a large one— to penetrate to
Branchville, not more than thirty-five miles from Pocotaligo, and
thus entirely interrupt my communications with the inl irior, . ■ .
glance at the map will show.'
But nothing 0f this sort was attempted by Hunter ; or, ind( d:
by any other commander of the Department, all operations, exc
an occasional inoperative raid like thai jus! described (unless the
bringing of slaves on! <»f the laud of were an acci
purpose of oar military operations), being conducted well under
the Covering fire of gunboal ■■.
A revival of religion took plae among the soldiers at Beaufort,
the diarists setting down, " Soldiers' prayer meetings," all through
April and Mav. Sunday services were held before Colonel Plan-
ted'? Quarters, the brigade band furnishing the music. All
BEATJFOET, & C.
119
of profane recreation were fro'.\ ned on now. Chaplain Vi
in his glory, and the catechism bade fair to supersede Oasey.
The health of the regiment was good here, as it had been since
shortly after our landing on St. Helena Island. But there had
been cases of congestive fever that took fatal turns with terrible
rapidity. Surgeon Bates died on the Caliawla before we landed
■at Beaufort, after an illness of but four clays, and Lieutenant But-
ler, of D Company, died April 14th, the Tuesday after doing guard
duty on Saturday.
Surgeon Bates joined the regiment at Camp Scott, before York-
town, and did good service for the year he was with us. Lieu-
tenant Butler, a young officer of high promise, joined at York-
town in the fall of 1SG2.
Private Baker, of A Company, died in the evening of May 861*,
after being on brigade drill the day before.
While at Beaufort the rations were excellent, abundant, and of
great variety ; as, indeed, they were in all parts of this Department.
Morton jots down : " Hominy, peas, potatoes, bacon." Commis-
sary Sergeant Maxfield was kept busy issuing fresh beef and soft
bread; noting, for May 18th, that there were 416 enlisted men to
issue rations to. Blackberries were plenty, the negroes bringing
quantities of them into the camps for sale. And for the first time,
the companies had mess-tables. Since entering service we had
fallen in when a meal call was sounded, and, marching in single
file to the cook-house, each man with his tin plate and cup in his
hands, presented these to the cook? as we filed by the cook-house.
One cook would load the plate with beans, or boiled, beef, or what-
ever the meal was composed of, and the other would fill the cup
with coffee if it were breakfast, and with tea if sapper, (At
noon we quaffed aqua, more or less pur a.) The soldier would
return to his tent, or seat himself wherever on the company
ground was most convenient, and, making a table of his knees,
would! enjoy his meal as best lie could.
But now enterprising men of each company took old shelt< r
tents (■■ A " tents had been issued for the companies) and pieces
of old duck, which they tacked on a frame, making a ]on^, wide,
and sufficiently high mess-room. In this they built a lung table,
with stationary benches arranged along each side. Here the cooks
sot out the meals, the men turning their plates and cups into the
cook-house, a detailed dishwasher caring for them, and once nnee
120 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
we ale oar meal- in something like the neumer m which we had
been brought; up.
A number of furloughs arid leaves of absence were now given
our men and officers, and more had their applications in, and still
more were contemplating entering applications, when an order
from General Hunter told them that no more would be granted.
This was unpleasant news to those contemplating a trip home. I
remember that old John Day, of I), was enraged at the quench-
ing of his hope, and while expressing his opinion of Hunter's
action "boldly," a favorite expression with " Grief," was inter-
rupted by a jeering question as to "what he enlisted for, anywa.} .'*
The excitable old follow just tore his blouse from his back, and,
throwing it. on the ground, danced on it, while brandishing his
big Hds at his torm^nfor, and shouting in his- stentorian voice :
" What did I enlist for ? To fight ! To fight ! Come on ! Gome
on ! and I'll show you what I enlisted for, you moan rascal you !w
And it was through John brooding over his disappointment thai
the men of Company I) lost their breakfast beans one morning.
John was doing duty in the cook-house, and, although usuall} a
amiable as a man need be, was in a xcry irritable condition of
mind for a few days, and liable to blaze into a rage at any time.
He was diamine: the bean kettle out of its hole on the morning of
DO O *->
one of these days, and as he placed the spade well under the kettle,
some one of the boys made some incautious remark that touch'. J
John's storm center, and he just gave one wild yell, and made one
mighty fling, and the kettle wont l'\ tng into i be air, bomb fashion.
Reaching a fair altitude, it turned o\cr, and a shower of i
appetizing, baked-to-a-turn beans came pouring down on the now
wildly shouting victims of John's wrath.
Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell resigned his commission while
here. He left us on the 26th of -May. An excellent officer, he
had proved his mettle in the Peninsula campaign, himselJ leading
the companies that took part in the Battle of Fair Oaks into action.
And as he was an amiable gentleman, as well as a brave one, his
los> was much regretted by both the officers and the enlisted men
of the regiment. He was one of the first to succumb to
deadly ennui arising from the lack of military enterprise in this
Department.
Within the next few months othei resignations followed that of
Colonel Campbell, and, bad we nof reentered active service when
BEAUFOKT, 5. 0, 121
wo did, tlie chances are tliat very many of the best ohacers of the
regiment, and largely the ones that gave it its high military repu-
tation on Morris Island and during the campaign of 1SC1, would
have resigned their commissions. Like John Day, tiny volunteered
to fight, not to garrison navy-guarded towns, and pass their days in
idleness. jSTor was this dissatisfaction confined to the officers, who
could resign ; it prevailed among the men as well, who could not.
In fact, we were now all actually sighing for the brave old days of
the Peninsula, and would have jumped for joy, from colonel to
drummer hoy, at an order to join the Army of the Potomac. For
every man worthy of the name, while willing to serve his country
in a subordinate position, if he must, was ambitious for promotion.
And how was a man to gain, promotion, unless some one occupy-
ing a position above should vacate it? aoL that we would have
willed, that airy particular superior should be killed, hut we could
not help thinking what a series of promotions a well-directed bul-
let could eir'ect. The colonel is killed, say. That means a step
up for the lieutenant-colonel, for the major, for a captain, for a
first lieutenant, for a second lieutenant, for a first sergeant, for a
sergeant, for a corporal, and for a private. The new-made corpo-
ral is sorry enough for the colonel; but, really, his just-donned
stripes area Consolation, and if it is the will of God that he gain
an additional stripe on the same terms — well, it is not for him io
object to the doings of Omnipotence.
There is little more in the diaries of our sojourn in Beaufort.
Reviews by Generals Saltan and Hunter, school exhibition of the
proficiency attained by negro children in learning the A B < .
divine services, prayer meeting?, brigade drills, fatigue duty on
the fortifications, picket duty on the wonderful Beaufort an '
Charleston shell road, with its bordering wood of magnificent
moss-draped live oaks, fill the diaries until May -5.1st, when fchey
all record that we had received orders to pack up and leave Beau-
fort for Fernandina. Fla,, to relieve the Seventh New Hampshire ;
and all seem quite willing to go, agreeing v. itli Morton that, on
the whole, Beaufort was a '-dull old town."
\
. CHAPTER XIV.
FEBKAKDIKA, FLA.
We Sail from Beaufort to Fernandina — Colonel Plaisted as Post Com-
mander, and his Staff — The Arrangement of Troops — Details for De-
tached Service— -A Night Alarm— Outpost Duty— "Halt! Who
Comes There?" — The " Shakes," and Lieutenant Dunbar's Diary of
a Personal Experience— Incidents of our Life in Fernandina— We Are
Ordered to Morris Island.
I
Ox th© -1th of Jane we bade good-by — a final one, it proved to
be — to the Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl-
vania Regiments, and, going on board the steamer Boston, sailed to
Hilton Head. Here we anchored, that Colonel Plaisted might go
ashore to receive his orders from General Hunter. The brigade
band, that had accompanied us so far on our journey, now gave us
a farewell concert before returning to Beaufort. Colonel Plaisted
coming on board, we set out again, and at four o'clock in the
ai'ternoon crossed the bar. Daylight of the 5th found us off the
Florida coast, and during the forenoon we entered the harbor of
Fernandina.
Fernandina is situated on the inner, or Cumberlanc] Sound, i .
of Amelia Island, a large island, on the most northern part; of the
Florida coast. Amelia Island is sixteen miles in length by four in
width, and is separated from the mainland by Cumberland Sound,
a waterway of from two to four miles in width. Fernandina is in
sight of the Georgia, coast; indeed, the waters of the St. Mary's
River, part of the dividing line of the two States, help make the
harbor of Fernandina. At the northern extremity of the island
is Fort Clinch, a work designed for the defense of Fernandina,
and which was forcibly occupied by the Confederate forces in the
spring of I.8C1, to be retaken h\ the fleet some months later.
Old Fernandina; or "Qldfcown '* as we called it, is a small hamlet
just below this fort, between which hamlet and Fernandina itself
t: a wide swamp that is crossed by a corduroy road. Fernandina
was a village of two ov three thousand inhabitant- before the war,
!
I
I
FEBNANDINA, FLA. 123
iind then, as now, a port of entry, and the terminus of the Fiorina
& Gull Railroad. It is now a more thriving town than it was
before the war ; is a lumber manufacturing center, has a court-
house, a newspaper office, a Catholic academy, five white and
four colored churches, and is a popular health-resort, summer
and winter, steamers running three times a week to Savannah and
Charleston, presenting quite a different picture from the rambling,
ruined village that we knew ; nearly every house, large and small,
swarming with vagrant -negroes., the few white natives, mostly
women, remaining secluded in their poverty-stricken homes, rarely
showing themselves in the idle streets that once teemed with busi-
ness life and the animation of prosperity.
The Seventh Kew Hampshire having departed, we were left
alone to guard this not very important port, one that the Confed-
erates found so unsuited to the necessities of their cause that, as
Admiral Ammen says, se though they fought for Port Royal they
made us a present of Amelia Island,''" evacuating it on the approach
of our fleet, and t)ie only sight the invading Yankees got of the
enemy was a glimpse of a fast-receding train of cars carrying away
their rear guard.
Companies A and I were stationed, at the railroad bridge, which
is six miles- from Femandina, where they occupied an old house,
and, quite unmolested by the Confederates, amused themselves as
best they could with boating, shooting alligators, and in catching
[ fish and crabs.
Companies E and 0, and later 0, vent into Fort Clinch. The
other companies, B, D, F. II, and K, pitched their "A" tents on
a pleasant rise of ground just on the edge of Fernandina, and
close to the water.
The following order was issued by Colonel Piaisted on assuming
command of the post :
Headquarters, U. S. Forces,
Kr.KXAxniXA, Fla., June ?, 1863.
General Order No. 1.
In accordance with Special Order No. 304, Headquarters, De-
partment of the South, the undersigned assumes command of this
post.
The following commissioned olllcers of the Eleventh Maine
Vols, are herebv" announced on the stall of the Post Commander,
124 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
and, in their respective departments, will be obeyed and respected
accordingly :
First. Lieut, and Adjt. Henry 0. Fox, Post Adjutant.
Captain Samuel G. Sewall, Post Commissary.
First Lieut. John Ham, R. Q, M., Post Quartermaster.
Captain F. W. Sabine, Provost .Marshal.
First Lieut. A. G. Mudgett, Asst. Provost Marshal.
Asst. Surgeon E. L. Cook, Health Officer.
(Signed,) H. M. Plaisted,
Colonel Eleventh Maine Vols., Commanding Post.
Official :
(Signed,) Henry 0. Fox, Post Adjutant.
These were only the begin ning of the details necessary to a post
organization. There was a provost guard, a pilot crew, a signal
station detail to man. the tall signal tower and scan the Atlantic
through a big telescope for passing vessels, reporting to us by
hoisting flags when one was in sight, whether it was steam or sail,
going nor Hi or south, going by or steering for the harbor
entrance. These, with other details, some ornamental, others use-
ful, left Major SpoiXoid a weak force for camp guard and picket
duty. Major Spotrord was now in command of the companies of
the garrison of Fernandina, while the companies at the railroad
bridge were under the command of Captain Merrill until July
?th, when Company I was withdrawn and joined the garrison
at Feruandina, leaving Company A at the bridge with Lieu-
tenant Holt in command. The troops at Fort Clinch were under
command of Captain Nickels, Each command reported directly
to post headquarters.
For some reason, Colonel Piaistecl feared an attack on Fernan-
dina. But, probably because we did not have his information, this
fear was not a general one. The enemy could not wanl that little
town, so open to naval operations, and the gunboat Potomsbi
lying in the harbor would prevent any attempt, if there was any
wish, to disturb us. But there were alarms. The citizens would
signal across the sound with lights, moving fcheni u\> and down
at windows, according to some code that we did no! get an inkling
of. These signals would be answered by moving lights on the
mainland. Probably the Confederates, who occupied the further
shore, were kept informed of our force and positions. And
again, it may be that, as many of the Confederate troopers on the
mainland were natives, of Fernandina, they were only in com-
FERXAXDIXA, FLA.
125
munication with wives and sweethearts, General Einegan, the
commander of the Confederate forces then in Florida, was a
native of Fernandina, his great house in the suburbs of the town
standing in testimony to his wealth and local importance. It
was now but a hive of negroes.
One night there was an alarm. It was rumored that the Con-
federates would cross the mouth of the harbor in boats, and, land-
ing near Fort Clinch, would assault it. Of course, there was a
commotion. I remember that Colonel Plaisted rode to the camp
guard-house, of which I was unfortunate enough to be in charge
as sergeant of the guard, and, routing us out, ordered me to fall
the men in and. follow him. He led us to the road that runs
from Fernandina to Oldtown, and into the swamp that lies
between the old and the new towns — a swamp that was an impass-
able jungle of trees and tangled grapevines, the haunt of alliga-
tors and snakes, and the breeding place of a most bloodthirsty
breed of mosquitoes- -led us down into the bead of the narrow
corduroy road running across this swamp, and bade us stand
there and hold the pass at all hazards ; for ail I now remember,
throwing out a few encouraging words about the fame of Ther-
mopylae and the immortal Three Hundred. Then lie turned his
horse and rode awa\ towards Fernandina, with his orderly at his
heels, leaving us in the midst of a dense and ever-thickening
cloud of bayonet-billed mosquitoes. The enemy ? Suppose he
was io land at Oldtown, take Fort Clinch, and put Captain
JsTickels and its garrison to the sword, must we stand there and
be eaten alive ? Act if we knew it. We forthwith resolved our-
selves into a council of war, with the result that we inarched our-
selves to the high land overlooking the swamp, where the night
breeze swept the pursuing mosquitoes back into their haunts.
Then, after stationing a guard between us and Fernandina to
prevent our alert commander from surprising us, we went into
bivouac, confident that our danger did not lie towards Fori
Clinch, for no rebel was yet so desperate as to be willing to tread
that stretch of mosquito, alligator, snake infested swamp road in
the darkness or a moonless night.
The picket 'duty was the only really hard duly, and it was
especially hard on tin1 few non-commissioned officers now with
the companies garrisoning Fernandina. as so many of the.-
cers were away on furlough and detached service. Take D, l^r
/
12 G THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
■
example. First Sergeant Bassett went North on recruiting
service. Sergeant Young then acted as First Sergeant, Sergeant
Blake was serving as Provost Sergeant, and Sergeant Francis was
away on sick leave, so that Sergeant Brady had to do sergeant's
service for the company on camp and picket duty. This brought
him on picket about every fourth clay, leaving him only just time
enough to enjoy his fit of the " shakes," to do his camp guard
tour, and attend to his fatigue duty, before he was again on the
outposts. And the other sergeants and corporals with the com-
panies in Fernandina had a similar experience.
But I must confess that this picket service was more arduous
than dangerous. It was confined to aline of isolated posts on the
south side of Fernandina. The line stretched across the railroad,
and was mainly intended to cover the direction of the railroad,
the only way the enemy could get at us except by boating across
the sound and eluding the naval picket boats. This railroad,
after crossing to Amelia Island, runs to Fernandina through a
series of swamps, the southern portion of the island consisting of
swamps largely, in which rise hummocks of comparatively dry
ground. If the enemy should have surprised the company guard-
ing the bridge (A), and scattered it, the noise of the fight would
have been a sufficient alarm to the Fernandina garrison ; but
should the enemy have landed from boats below the bridge.
between it and Fernandina, then our picket posts would have
served to give the alarm.
A train of cars, with a locomotive, was kept ready for any
emergency that might arise at the bridge, a competent locomotive
engineer, detailed from the First New York Engineers, reporting
at the post for duty. This train made daily trips between Fer-
nandina and the bridge.
The picket posts were set on hummocks, or rises of ground in
the midst of the alligator and snake infested swamps, where a
breed of the most sanguinary mosquitoes filled the air at night to
an extent, that not only made it impossible for a man to sleep,
but forced him to keep his already mosquito-net-coYered head in a
thick smudge of smoke. We slept all we could in the day time,
as wo could not sleep at all at night, except on the blessed ones
when heavy thunderstorms broke over the island. One of these
stormy nights I remember well. Officers of the day did. not often
honor our out-of-the-way posts with night visits. The rough
/
FLA. 127
wood road, running through swamps where alligators were wal-
lowing and moccasin snakes gliding, with clouds of mosquitoes
ready to attack any blooded creature, deterred any but the most
zealous of these officers from riding over it at night.
Nor did. we care for company. For, you must know, there
were loud complaints from the. citizens owning sweet potato and
vegetable gardens that during nights their gardens were visited
and divers and sundry vegetables removed from the possession of
the legal owners. And as the night patrol of the provost guard
kept the streets and lanes clear of night-hawking soldiers and
marauding negroes, there was a suspicion that the picket posts
were taking toll of the gardeners. And whoever worked this out
reached a sound conclusion, for when the shades of night began
to fall we were accustomed to detail a foraging party to bring in
sweet potatoes and green corn. On their returning, we would
prepare for a night's feasting. But we were never caught, and
the only result of the complaints made against us was to strain
the relations between those liable for picket duty and such mili-
tary officials as were so unwise as to appear anxious to discover
who really got the potatoes and other vegetables. This they could
not learn except by visiting our posts at night, for we never took
any plunder into camp, nor could anyone find a scrap of peeling
or a bit of a cob around our picket posts. All debris of the sort
was carefully buried in the depths of adjacent swamps. The
provost marshal did make an unrequited visit to my men when
they returned from outpost duty one morning. He might as well
have interrogated graven images, for all the information he could
get from them.
This night was a stormy one with a high wind, and the air was
clear of mosquitoes ; and the alligators were likely to have seclud< d
themselves in swampy shelters, instead of sprawling in the road
as was their usual delight of summer nights. The conditions
were so favorable that the officer of this particular da\ decided to
visit the picket posts. The thunder was heavy and the lightning
flashes tierce and frequent. I was lying under the roof of our
hut, stretched out in a hammock belonging to Private Darling,
who stood on post at the entrance of the open-sided hut. in which
the rest of the boys were huddled, while occupying themselves in
roasting corn and swe*i potatoes. This piekct 'post was near the
extremity of the road by which we made our way to and from
128
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
/
Fernandjna. We suddenly heard the trampling of a galloping
horse. The horse was either running away, or his rider was spur-
ring him for shelter. Xearer and nearer sounded the hoof-heats.
Private Darling cried sharply: "Half! Who comes there ? "
Receiving no -awwer, and the horse galloping ott,- Darling called
tome, "Snail I fire?" " Certainly/' answered I, "if he does
not halt/' As I rolled to the ground, and called to my men to
make ready, we heard Darling call again : " Halt ! Halt ! or I fire."
Just then there came a flash of lightning, and we saw our sentry
standing in the middle of the roadway, his rifle to his shoulder
and pointing at a runaway horse, with a frightened rider, now but
a few rods from the sentry. Then we heard a voice cry, from out
of the blackness which followed the vivid lightning flash : "For
God's sake, don't — don't fire ; I can't hold him in." Then came a
crashing and floundering in the roadside bushes, felling us that
the scared, rider had pulled so frantically at the horse's mouth as
to fairly twist him into the swamp. No other officer of the day
took the trouble to make a night call on the outposts I had charge
of, nor did J think it at all necessary to report their dereliction to
the post commander.
The health of the regiment was fairly good while at Fernandina,
although nearly every man with it, if not every one, suffered from
the " shakes/' The varied sensations of this mysterious disease —
all unpleasant — ought not to be forgotten by any victim : but to
refresh aging memories, we will copy the medical description of
the malady: " Ague (febris intermittens) is the common name
for an intermitting fever accompanied by paroxysms, or fits.
Each fit is composed of three stages, the cold, the hot, and the
sweating stage. Before a lit the patient has asensation of debility
and distress about the epigastrium, iec}^ weak and disinclined for
exertion ; the surface of the body becomes cold, and the bloodless
skin shrivels up into the condition termed goose skin (cutis
anseris). A cold sensation creeps up the backhand spreads over
the body; the patient shivers, his teeth chatter, his knees knock
together; his face, lips, ears, and nails turn blue; he lias pains
in his head, back, and loins. This condition is succeeded by
flushes of heat, the coldness gives place to warmth, and the sur-
face regains its natural appearance. The warmth continues to
increase, the face becomes red and turgid, the head aches, the
breathing is deep and oppressive, the pulse full and strong. The
A
FERN AN DIN A, FLA. 129
third sjbage now comes on : the pulse resumes its natural force and
frequency, and a copious sweat breaks from the whole body,"
Doesn't that bring it all back to you, till the notes of the sick
call ling in jour ears : " Come get your quinine, quinine, quinine " ?
That held in a spirituous solution was generally preferred.
Lieutenant Dunbar set down in his diary a summary of a
month's experience with the ague ; and as he seems to have had
it in about its worst form, his jotting gives a fair idea of the per-
sistence of the disease when it fastens on one. His diary of June,
18G3, reads as follows : " 8th.— Officer of the guard to-day.
9th. — Had a shake to-day, 11th. — Am officer of the day. 12th . —
Had a very heavy chill to-day. 13th. — Sick with fever and ague.
14th.— All right to-day. latin— Officer of the day, 19th.— Regi-
mental officer of the day. 20th. — Shaking. 21st. — Shaking.
22d.— Shaking. 23d. --Fever and ague. 21th.— Shakes and
fever. 25th. — Very weak, not strength to shake. 26th. — Stronger
and shaking, with heavy fever. 27th. — Fever, without the shakes.
28th, — Ague and shaking, without the fever. 29th. — Better
to-day. 30th. — About the same.'' He recovered so speedily
from the effects of this siege of ague that lie notes for July 4th :
Ci Went, to the negro school exhibition, and a better. one I never
saw, white or black."
The rations were exceptionally good while at Fernandina ; not
only were we plentifully supplied, but, as Hour was issued to com-
panies preferring part of their bread ration in this form, the
companies were able to bake their own bread and biscuits. Each
company built a brick oven in which to bake beans, bread, bis-
cuits, and gingerbread. Then the companies commuted their
rations partly, drawing cash for such of their allowances as they
did not want, and invested the money in vegetables, etc. Fish
was to be had for the catching, turtles abounded, and then there
were wild grapes and delicious pomegranates, STes, and if you
needed a drastic touch, you need but pick and cat a few casfcor-oi]
beans from the bushes they grew on.
The nucleus of a colored regiment had its headquarters at
Fernandina— the Fourth South Carolina, Colonel Littlefield.
We saw very little of this regiment ; indeed, there was very little
of it to see— only a colonel and adjutant, and a few other officers,
with now and then a stalwart, negro in a blue uniform. Coal
black was the prevailing color of it. rank and tile, though there
9
/
130 THE STOIiV OF ONE REGIMENT.
were lighter shades, and at least one " red " negro, a sergeant, a
sort of albino, a full-blooded negro with red wool, a skin light
enough to appear freckled, very much resembling a well-sun-
burned white man of "sandy" complexion — enough, anyway, to
deceive Maxfield ; for when this sergeant was drawing rations for
his men at the commissary, Maxfield took him for a non-commis-
sioned officer of some white regiment, who was waiting for a com-
mission in the Fourth South Carolina, and asked him when
he expected to receive his commission, and what rank he was to
hold.
These colored soldiers, with the contrabands, were employed in
building Fort Naglee, the earthwork planned by Colonel Plaisted,
and which was nearly completed when we left Fernandina. It
was an elaborately planned work, and occupied a commanding
position just outside of the city.
Xow for the diaries of our friends. They faithfully note the
coming and going of the infrequent mail steamers— we received
mail only about once in three weeks, while here ; and that the
passing back and forth of flags of truce between the lines was
frequent — probably mostly in connection with the necessities of
the women and children left in Fernandina by their men folk,
who were now on the mainland, dressed in Confederate gray.
There were infrequent alarms— three or four this summer, all
without adequate cause.
Of the weather, Morton notes, August 8th: " Eighty-three
degrees in the shade at 7 a.m., 10"?° part of the day." Newcomb
notes, August 11th : " Have not had a rainstorm for three months
now, nor a shower for two weeks. During June and July we had
a shower every day."
Divine services were held by Chaplain Wells in the "regimental
church ''on Sundays. This was a small church building, and in it
the chaplain, with the assistance of Major Spoil'ord. had titled up
a reading room. Morton notes that there were plenty of good
books.
July 4th was celebrated by the colored people particularly. The
Declaration of Independence was read, songs were sung, and
Colonel Plaisted delivered an oration. Xewcomb, who was
stationed at Fort Clinch, notes that they fired a salute from the
fort at sunrise. On July 20th, forty enlisted men, and Lieutenants
Sellmer and Charles H. Foster, were detailed _ to fgo to Morris
A
^LA. 131
Island, S. C, on artillery service. We shall hear from this de-
tachment later on. The 23d of July, Company G was added to
the garrison at Fort Clinch.
Heavy living was heard in the direction of Charleston in
August, usually at night and in the early morning. On August
1st the Boston, the regular mail steamer, touched, with the
Forty-eighth. New York on board, bound for St. Augustine. We
heard with envy the graphic story they had to tell of the siege of
Charleston, and of the gallant part they took in landing on the
island, and in the assault on Fort Wagner. Captains Wiswell and
Sewell, with three non-commissioned officers, started North on the
15th of August on recruiting service ; with them went a number
of furlough ed men.
September 9th, the hospital boat Cosmopolitan came in with
Surgeon-General Hammond on board. He ordered several of our
sick men to be sent North.
In September a terrible storm swept the coast, during which
there was much excitement in Fernandina concerning the fate of
a schooner that was anchored ofT the bar. The diaries tell the
story. 16th— Morton : ie Storming to-day. A navy schooner
outside the bar in a critical condition." Newconib': "A terrific-
gale has been blowing for twelve hours now. A vessel has been
lying at anchor on the bar all day. It don't seem possible that
she can live through the night,'' 17th— Morton : ''The schooner
cut away her masts last night ; it blows and rains very hard yet."
Newcomb: "The gale has abated, the wind has changed, the
schooner lies in the same position this morning, with both masts
gone." 18th — Morton: " The gunboat went out and towed the
hull of the schooner in."
On the 26th of September a party went to Cumberland Island
to visit the mansion of General Xaihanael Greene, a tine old house
built of indestructible shell and cement. Morton was o{ the
party, and noted that it was tired on from Fort Clineh. The
orders were that all boats should report at the fort in passing, but
this one, as it was bearing a headquarters party., presumed to
push on without reporting. A shot from the fort was fired, fail-
ing far ahead of the boat. Xo attention was paid to this hint,
but when oxm came whirling over the bow, then the heat was
promptly put about, and the regulation complied with. Orders
were orders with Nickels and Newcomb.
fci-A*-.
-
.
132
THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
/
The general verdict before the end of September was that Fer-
nandina was a terribly dull place. Newcomb summed it all up
soon after we arrived there: ei Nothing to see, nothing to hear,
nothing to do/' The only excitement was the coming and going
of the steamers and gunboats, and a signal could rarely be hoisted
on the tower without catching the eye of every man of us with its
first flutter. We rejoiced, when it told us that a boat was coming
in, and were disgusted when there was a failure to touch. Morton
notes more than once : "Had the aggravation of seeing a signal
hoisted for a steamer that went by/'
News did not reach us until long after everybody else in the
United States had it, and we sometimes got it through the rebel
papers that passed through the lines, before we did from the
North. Morton notes in Ids diary, August 12th : " It is reported
by the rebel papers that Banks is badly whipped/5 It was July
19th before we received the news of the fall of Vieksburg and
Port Hudson, which took place July 4th, and we heard at the
same time of the New York riots and of the beginning of the
siege of Charleston. Sometimes a steamer stopped ofT the port
and <rave us a bit of news. Newcomb's diary tells how one hoaxed
us cruelly: "July 10th. — News has come by a steamer that
stopped oil the bar that Portland Iris been burnt by privateers,
that Lee is besieging Harrisburg, that Grant has been repulsed,
and that Banks's army is in a critical condition."
During the summer Lieutenants Brann and Johnson resigned
and went home. Captain Nickels resigned, but subsequently
withdrew his resignation, and Lieutenants Stephen B. Foster and
Newcomb sent in their resignations the 1st of October. The
movement was becoming epidemic when, on the 2d of October,
two steamers touched at the wharf with the Twenty-fourth Mas-
sachusetts on board on ii< way to St. Augustine to relieve the
Forty-eighth New York. They told us that a regiment was
making ready to relieve us; and, sure enough, on the 5th the
Ninetv-seventh Pennsylvania arrived on the Boston, and we
learned that we were ordered to Morris Island. The feeling
in the regiment was a joyful one, and is exemplified by New-
comb's entry in 'ids diary : " Foster and 1 withdraw our resigna-
tions in view of active service.
The diarists seem to huvi ■-■
down every notable incident of
our
ay there, even that the officers had a. billiard table to amuse
X
themselves with, while the boys contented themselves with a more
plebeian bowling alley; everything except that we ran a newspaper.
Horace A. Man ley found an abandoned newspaper plant, and, as
ho was a practical printer; be, with other kindred spirits, set to
worb and got out several numbers of a spicy sheet that we regret
our inability to find a copy of. Could we, we think we might
cull from its columns a number of instructive and diverting items
bearing on our life in Fernandina.
We were now very different-looking men than when, a year
before, we marched into Yorktown, Then bronzed by exposure
and gaunt from a want of over-feeding, ragged, yes, and dirty — to
go no further — now we were fat, and sleek, nattily uniformed,
buttons, brogans, and brasses all well polished, equipments and
arms showing the best of care, every man with his white gloves
for parade duty. Indeed, Morton could have set down for us
now what he did for the soldiers we saw at Port Royal when we
reached there in February, 1SG3. k'fKegiments around here look
as if they were playing soldier/' was the observation of that
hardy Peninsula campaigner.
But our pipeclay days were nearly over. We were very soon to
leave all this fancy soldiering in the rear, were soon to take
position in the front again, where for a long year, waking and
sleeping, we were for but a i'ew hours at a time out of the reach
of shells and bullets, or the sound of roaring artillery and cracking
rifles.
X
CHAPTER XV.
THE SIEGE OF CHAELESTOX.
Wc Laud on Folly Island and March to Morris Island— The Geography
of the Situation— General Q. A. Gillmore and his Military Antecedents
— The Landing on Morris Island and the Assaults on Fort Wagner —
The u Swamp Angel1' Lattery — It is .Manned by a Detachment of
Volunteers from the Eleventh Maine, who Left Fernandina in July for
Artillery Service in the Siege — The Story of this Detachment as told
by their Commander, Lieutenant Sellmer.
Ix the afternoon of October 6th we went on board the Boston,
and before night were at sea. We passed Hilton Head in the
early hours of the next morning, kepi on northward, ran into
Stono Inlet, and landed on Folly Island late in the afternoon of
October 7th. Marching for a half-mile through a growth of heavy
timber, we went info bivouac for the night.
It seemed quite like old times to the Peninsula men to lie around
roaring camp fires, under tall trees, and to sleep on the ground.
Xor did they lose the opportunity it gave them of reciting the
glories of the summer of 1862 to their later-mustered comrades.
And it mUst.be confessed that their more than twice-told, tales
were listened to with much more respect than they had b< n
for some time, the dull roar of the big guns that we could hear
at work but a few miles away giving their stories of battles a touch
of sober reality.
We were up at daybreak of the 8th, and by ten o'clock had
crossed the ponton bridge connecting Folly Island with Morris
Island, and were marching up the beach of Morris. We were
now in sight of the fleet lying inside the bar, and of Sumter,
of Wagner, of Moultrie, of Johnson, and Gregg, and of batteries,
Federal and Confederate, without number ; and away to the north-
east, at the head of a beautiful bay, we could see the tall spires of
the city of Charleston.
Morn's Island i* but a strip of white sand on which roll the
waves of the Atlantic Ocean, it ruus nearly north and south, and
is about four miles long. Its broad southerly end, lying well out
A
THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 135
of the range of the enemy's lire, served as a cam]) ground for
troops not actively engaged in the siege, and for headquarters and
depot purposes. Narrowing as it approaches Sumter, till Fort
Wagner completely barred all further progress at fairly high water,
the island ended in a hooked projection known as Cumming's
Point. From Cutnming's Point it was but 1,300 yards to Sumter,
due northwest, and but four miles to Charleston city, looking
about directly west across the bay, and but about a mile and a
half across to Sullivan's Island, where Moultrie and battery Beau-
regard, lay beyond Sumter and to its east, Sullivan's Island running
about east for a short distance and then bearing rapidly towards
the northeast, the north end of Morris pointing to about the west-
ern end of Sullivan's. To the west of the upper part of Morris
Island, across a marshy tideway through which Hows Vincent
Creek, dames Island points a blunt end to Morris, the length of
James forming the southern boundary line of Charleston Harbor.
Outside of James, on the Atlantic, and separated from James by
the Stono River, lies Folly Island, with Black Island wedged in
between Folly, James, and Morris.
We use the past tense in referring to Cumming's Point, as we
learn that it has been washed away, and that the waves even roll
over the spot where Fort Wagner stood ; Gregg, Chatfield, Wagner,
and numerous unnamed batteries, with theremains of many of their
assailants and defenders, have been swallowed by the Atlantic.
The operations against Charleston were now in the hands of
Brigadier-General Quincy A. Giilmore. Let. us take a glance at
his military antecedents. Early in lSf»-2, Captain Quincy Adams
Giilmore, a West Point graduate, was acting as Chief Engineer of
the Department of the South, lie was directed by General
Thomas W. Sherman, the department commander, to undertake
the reduction of Fort Pulaski, at the mouth of the Savannah
River. Erecting batteries of heavy Parrott gun;- on Tybee Island
during the months of January, February, and March, Captain
Giilmore was ready to open tire by April 1st. On the 31st of
March General Sherman was relieved of his command by General
Hunter, who arrived at Tybee Island on the 8th of April. Al
sunrise of the 10th, General Hunter sent a summons to the Con-
federate commander of Fort Pulaski to surrender. His answer
was, u I am here to defend this fort, not to surrender it." Shortly
after eight o'clock Giilmore 's heavy batteries opened, and alter
136
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
X
sustaining a continuous bombardment until two o'clock in the
afternoon of the next clay, the commander of the fort concluded
that he was there to surrender it after all.
It was determined by this bombardment that brick walls could
not withstand the force of modern artillery, the projectiles cutting
through six and seven feet of the land walls of Pulaski, completely
breaching the angle the lire was converged on.
"For this service Captain Gillmore was made a brigadier-general
of volunteers, and gained a fame that led many in the North to
press him on the Administration as the man to subdue Charleston.
Xor does Gillmore seem to have been at all loath to assume the
undertaking. A letter of his to General Culloin, chief of staff to
General-in-Chief Ealleck, dated May 23, 1863 (a probably invited
letter), and in which he gave General Cullom liberty to show it
to General TIalleck, expressed the opinion that the forts in Charles-
ton Harbor could be reduced by the naval and military forces then
in the Department of the South, and implied that the writer
felt confident that he could bring about the capture of that city
were he given command of the Department.
His appointment to supplant General Hunter followed closely
on the date of this letter. The appointment was dated June 3d,
and on June 12th, so prompt was Gillmore, he had readied Hilton
Head, assumed command, and had begun to arrange a plan of
campaign with Admiral Dahlgren, who had succeeded Dupont,
that officer having experienced the fate of the unsuccessful. Of
course, General Hunter did not take kindly to his removal : he
was not that kind of man. Attributing his deposition to Horace
Greeley particularly, he wrote that gentleman an acrid letter, men-
tioning, among other things, the Tribune's persistent war-cry of
iC On to Richmond," in which movement, wrote Hunter, " 1'ou
shed much ink and other nam some blood."
Since early in April, General Yogdes had commanded a force
occupying Folly Island. This force had been engaged in cutting
roads through the heavy timU-i of that island., and in building
batteries to cover a descent on Monis Island. The Morris Island
route seems to have been selected largely from the ability of the
fleet to cooperate with the army. General Beauregard looked on
the selection as providential for the Confederates, his fear having
been that the landing mighl be made on James Island. He says,
in his "Military Operations": "It was fortunate that the new
A
TlIE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 137
comma tiding general, in whose engineering ability the North
greatly relied, preferred making his attack by Morris Island
-instead of on the broad and Weak front of James Island, where he
might have penetrated our long, attenuated line and have taken
Charleston in flank and rear. Nothing then could have prevented
Sumter from falling, for there is no doubt that General Gillmore
would have immediately increased the armament at and around
Fort Johnson, and have then completely commanded the inner
harbor. The possession of Charleston, and of all the South Caro-
lina scaeoast, would have followed as a necessary sequence. "
Preparations were finally completed for the attack. General
Terry went, up the Stono with 3,000 men and made a feint of
occupying James Island, landing a force under cover of the gun-
boats, and carrying on threatening operations until the 17th, when
he retired his force to Folly and Morris Islands. The night of
July 9th, General Strong's brigade embarked in launches manned
by sailors and were rowed to a position from which, on the opening
of the batteries on Folly Island, they could be rowed swiftly across
Light House Inlet, six hundred yards wide, and land on Oyster
Point, the southern end of Morris Island. At sunrise the batter-
ies and the monitors that had crossed the bar in the night opened
sixty guns on the Confederate positions. Strong's brigade was
quickly across the inlet, had soon landed and driven the Confed-
erates from the works on the lower end of the island, and by ten
o'clock was before Fort Wagner. Here the line halted. It has
been said that a vigorous movement would have carried the fort at
this time.
During the day and night a ponton bridge was thrown across
the inlet, and troops were crossed and placed in position for an
assault on Wagner. The assault was made in the early morning
of the 11th by three regiments, but failed for want of cooperation.
After this repulse General Gillmore determined to erect batter-
ies, and breach the sand parapets of Wagner before venturing
another assault. This work was immediately begun, and. went on
day and night under the Confederate tire, until on the 18th of
July, after a most terrific twelve hours' bombardment of Wagner
by the fleet and the shore batteries, the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts
(colored), 650 strong, assaulted the fort, bill was beaten back with
heavy loss, Colonel Shaw dying on the parapet. Then Strong's
brigade, supported by Putnam's, assaulted the fort; on the sea-
138 THE STOKY OF ONE EEGIMENT.
shore salient, and after a desperate conflict, in which a bod}- of
men of the Forty-eighth New York and the Sixth and Seventh
Connecticut Regiments penetrated the fort and gained the south-
west bastion, the assailants were defeated with heavy loss. Gen-
eral Strong was mortally wounded, Colonel Putnam killed, and
General Seymour, in immediate command of the assailing force,
was wounded. The historian of the Forty-eighth Xew York says
that General Gilimore seems to have been too far in the rear to
have brought forward reinforcements promptly.
At a dinner of an association of officers of the Department of
the South, that was given in Xew York in April, 1802, Captain
Luis F. Emitio spoke of the operations of the Army of the South
before Fort Wagner. lie said that the assault was determined
upon by General Gilimore on the supposition that the armament
of the fort had been broken by the previous bombard m cut, which
supposition was not verified in so far as he could learn before the
assault was ordered. And then, instead of one constant attack, the
forces were thrown upon the parapet in three divisions, with an
interval of time between each. Tims the enemy were given time
to rally, which, they made excellent use of. Then the troops were
massed three-quarters of a mile from the works, while it is an
axiom of warfare to mass as closely as possible to the point of attack.
The assault was made just as night was coming on, another
departure from military custom. In fact, that all the details
which are necessary to insure a successful assault were neglected.
After this failure Wagner was regularly besieged, with the result
that it and Morris Island were abandoned by the Confederates on
the night of the 0th of September, nearly three months after the
landing of Strong's brigade.
AY bile the siege of Wagner was in progress, General Gilimore
devised the building of the marsh battery now known as the
%,rSwamp Angel." Its position was in the swamp between Morris
and James Islands, and so strongly to the upper end of both thai-
it could range by the upper end of .lames Island anil throw shells
into the citv. The story ran that when the engineer who con-
structed this battery was ordered to report on its feasibility, and
to state Ids requirements, he called for "one hundred men.
eighteen feet high, to wade through mud sixteen feet dee])." But,
nevertheless, he built the battery, largely at night — built it of logs
and of bae> idled with sand. Captain Newcomb seta down in his
THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 139
d:ary thai it Look "the equivalent of 3,000 clays' work, and 7,000
bag.- of sand and 300 logs," to construct the battery, and that
afterwards "nearly 2,000 bags of sand were added to it."
When it was completed, and the big gun placed in position — no
light undertaking, it haying to be taken across the marsh in a
scow at night and when the tide served — then Lieutenant Sell-
mer and his detachment from our regiment went into the battery
to man it. Probably the fact that Lieutenant Sell in er was known
to be an able artillerist, haying served for some years in the regular
artillery, led. to the selection of himself and men for this service.
We haye received from. Colonel Sellmer the following state-
ment of the experiences of the detachment at the siege of Wagner,
and in the Swamp Angel Battery. It is a most interesting account
of the difficulties and dangers these members- of our regiment
underwent before, the regiment reached Morris Island, and renders
generous testimony to their gallantry and zeal in another branch
of service than the one in which they had enlisted.
Xi Operations of the Artillery Detainment of the Eleventh Maine
at the Siege of Furl Wagner, in the Swamp Angel Batter!;,
and in the Bombardment of Fort Sumter.
"After the capture of the lower part of Morris Island by the
Union forces, Fort Wagner, a strong bastioned earth fort, barred
the way. It was gallantly and unsuccessfully assaulted, and the
slow process of a regular siege was forced upon the Union troops.
Trained and practical artillerymen being very much needed, First
Lieutenant Charles Sellmer, of Company D, Eleventh Maine, who
had served nine years in the United States Artillery, one year of it
at the Artillery School at Fortress Monroe, Ya., received order*
from Department Headquarters to proceed at once from Fernan-
dina, Florida, to Morris Island with a volunteer detachment from
his regiment, to there report for duty in heavy artillery service.
"In obedience to that order, the detachment left Fmnaiidina on
the 2 "2 d of July, 1S63. It consisted of the following officers and
men: First Lieutenant Charles Sellmer, of Company 1), com-
manding the detachment ; Second Lieutenant Charles 11. Foster,
of Company K: Corporal Asa W. Googing, Privates Henry Albee,
Euben C. Bunker. Joseph M. Munson, Edward Noyes, Charles
D. Urann, and Benjamin D. Willey, of Company C : Corporals
14:0 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Ira Weymouth and Franklin 0. Howe, Privates Moses M. Burse,
Charles H. Ham, Bradley L. Kimball, Robert H. No well, Horace
B. Sherburn, Major I). Smith, Jesse R. Stone, and John 1). Wal-
ton, of Company E : Private Joseph F. Estes, Company F ; Ser-
geant George Payne, Corporal Judson R. Moon, Privates Samuel
P. Bennett, Thomas J. Holmes, Nathaniel Hooper, Charles W.
Royal, and James II. Taylor, of Company G ; Sergeants Andrew
B, Erskinennd Charles Knowles, Corporals Cyrus E. Bussey, Amos
R. Pushaw, and John F. Buzzell, Privates Lorenzo I). Bickford,
Roger A. Erskine, George C. Gould, John Green, David Peabody,
Levi Pooler, Charles 0. Varney, George Warrick, Samuel V.
Wentworth, and Warren L. Whittier, of Company K.
"After a few days of uneventful journey, the detachment arrived
at its destination, and went into camp near Department Head-
quarters. On the following day it was divided into two parties:
one under command of Lieutenant Sellmer, and the other under
Lieutenant. Foster, eacli proceeding to the trenches to take part
in the siege operations, relieving parties of the Third Rhode
Island Artillery in manning and working 10-inch siege mortar
batteries, and thereafter taking turns with the Rhode Island men
every other day, one day in the trenches, the following day m
camp, but always within range of the rebel batteries. And it was
most gratifying to their commander to .sec how coolly and unhesi-
tatingly they went into action, how carelessly they took their first
introduction to artillery work tinder a heavy artillery tire, and
how rapidly and thoroughly they learned to use their new kind of
firearms.
"The detachment left camp and marched to their batteries a
short time before sundown of each day. Of course, the reh
we're well aware of that fact, and that trench guards and working
parties were also going to the front at that time of da} ; conse-
quently that was the time when they op tied from Wagner, Gregg,
Moultrie, and Johnson, with all the guns available. The beach
close to the water's edge,>the only practicable road, was then
crowded with detachments going to the front or returning to
camp, and was kept hot ami alive with shrieking, bursting shells,
bounding, screaming, ricochet shots, accompanied by the fje
wis-, jo wi.i.sv of tin.' mortar shells which showered their frag-
ments over the beach and batteries. During all this time our
liriir: awav for dear life, trying to silence the
jo
wiss,
• of
0
•er t!
e bt
at
cries
wer
THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON.
141
A
fire of Fort Wagner. The general orders to the battery command-
ers were, to open fire whenever Fort Wagner did, and to keep it
up until Wagner's fire was silenced.
"Under these interesting and exciting circumstances the men
received, their first instruction in serving siege mortars, for the
old detachment of the Rhode Island Artillery had rushed oil for
camp just as soon as the Eleventh Maine detachment had entered
the battery. And after half an hour's instruction and actual
practice they were able to return the compliments of Fort Wag-
ner with telling effect, judging from the fragments and clouds of
dust and sand thrown up into the air after every shot into Fort
Wagner, and from the rapid slackening of Wagner's lire.
" After a few weeks of practice with the siege mortars the camp
was changed farther to the front, and the detachment was as-
signed to take charge of the only 10-inch seacoast mortar bat-
tery (Kirby) in use during the siege.
" This battery was thrown up for bombarding Fort Sumter, as
well as Wagner, Gregg, and Johnson. It was 4,550 yards from
Fort Sumter, or 250 yards farther than the 'Heavy Artillery
Tactics ' gave as the extreme range of these guns, yet by judicious
handling and manipulation its shells were dropped into Fort
Sumter for four days, until on the 21st of xVugust a storm 'dead
ahead' made them fall short, compelling the battery to cease
firing for the first time.
"About this time General J. W. Turner, Chief of Artillery, gave
instructions to Lieutenant Selluier to take charge of the marsh
battery in addition to the seacoast mortar battery, and to prepare
it to open fire upon the city of Charleston at ten o'clock thai
evening, aiming the gun at St. Michael's Church steeple. ' Marsh
Battery" wa3 the official designation of the battery, but the
soldiers named it the 'Swamp Angel,' and by that name alone
is it known to the general public. It was about S,000 yards from
the city, built in the marsh on the left and front of the Union
batteries, and near a creek, by which it could be reached at high
tide from Light House Inlet. The battery consisted of an epaul-
ment made of sand bags, supported by a grillage composed of
round logs, crossing each other at right angles, in two layers, ami
resting mi the surface of the marsh. In this grillage, in rear of
the epaulment, there was a rectangular opening large enough to
receive the platform of the gun. This opening was surrounded
142 THE STOHY OF ONE REGIMENT.
by sheathing piles, which reached through the mud into the
solid substrata oi" sand. Within this rectangular space layers of
marsh grass, canvas, and sand were packed, on which base rested
a close-fitting sub-platform of planks. On these planks the gun
platform was placed. The platform and the epaulment were
therefore independent of each other, so that subsidence or dis-
placement of the one would not necessarily involve that of the
other. This will explain the rocking and swaying of the gun
and platform, when firing the gun, that some of the men serving
, the ' Swamp Angel ' gun could not understand. The Swamp
Angel battery connected with the other batteries, and was
approached by a plank walk about half a mile long, consisting of
a single plank resting upon frail trestles driven into the mud just
far enough to keep the planks above high-water mark, as every
tide overflowed the whole extent of the marsh, leaving only the
tops of the marsh grass visible, occasionally even raising the
planks a little from the trestles. At a distance, a person upon
this walk Would appear as if standing upon the top of the marsh
grass, looming up as tall as a church steeple.
"While Lieutenant Sellmer was going to the Swamp Angel
battery in order to ascertain its condition ami requirements, lie-
was fired upon by the guns of 'Fort Simpkins/ situated on
James Island, and about one thousand yards to the left uf the
plank walk. The firing was kept up until he had reached the
battery, where he found a small guard in charge of a solitary gun,
that was mounted upon an iron carriage, with chassis. Th
proved to be a 200-pound Parrot t rifle. lis weight was 10.300
pounds ; weight of carriage and chassis, 8,000 pounds; diameter
of bore, 8 inches : weight of shot, 200 pounds; weight of shell.
175 pounds; service charge, 16 pounds of powder : charge used,
20 pounds of powder. To prepare the battery for service, shells,
powder cartridges, Greek fire, primers, implements, and equip-
ments had to be procured from the Ordnance Depot and trans-
ported by our men to Light House Inlet, nnd from there in boats
to the battery. The tide was low at the time, and the b tats did
not get to the battery until neatly one o'clock in the morning of
the 2%& of August. To avoid accident- to the boats, ihe car-
tridges— twenty pounds of powder in a woolen bag—were carried
to the battery on ihe shoulders of \\w turn over the plank walk.
'•While Lieutenani Sellmei was returning from the battery in
THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 143
the morning, lie had taken the bearings of St. Michael's steeple
from a suitable point by the aid of a pocket compass, as neither
the city nor St. Michael's steeple could be seen from the battery.
It was by this means that the gun was aimed at the city, and
S' chalked in that position. This is the only instance on record in
which a gun was aimed at an invisible object and at such a great
distance by a compass. After the boats had arrived they were
unloaded £nd sent back to the inlet with the superfluous men.
Shells were then cleaned and loaded, and everything put in order
as rapidly as possible. It was just half- past, one o'clock in the
morning of August 22, 1863, when the first shell sped over the
rebel batteries on James Island into the city. The fire bells were
heard after the second shot. It had struck a Government medical
purveyor's storehouse, and had set it on fire. The rebels re-
sponded to the firing with two 10-inch seacoast mortars from
Fort Johnson, on. James Island. Evidently, none of their other
batteries were garrisoned, during the night.
" At every shut tired from the Swamp Angel gun the whole struc-
ture swayed, to and fro as if it were a. vessel afloat. The pintle
block holding the gun-carriage in place moved gradually from the
epaulment with each shot, until after the sixteenth shot it had
gotten back nearly three feet. This condition made it necessary
to cease firing for fear of dismounting the gun, or disabling the
battery altogether. The following morning the Chief Engineer,
Colonel Edward W. Serrell, of the First Xew York Volunteer
Engineers, inspected the, damage, and asked for two days' time in
which to make the necessary repairs. In the meantime a steamer
came from the city under a flag of truce, protesting against the
bombardment without due notice to non-combatants to leave the
city, General Gilhnore gave them until ten o'clock of the follow-
ing night, August 23d, assuring them that the firing would he
resumed at that hour.
"'On the morning of the 23d the enemy, presumably with the
intention of making the resumption ot the firing on that day im-
possible, opened with all the guns and mortars they could bring-
to bear upon the -'Swamp Angel" and its approaches. At noon
of that day Lieutenant Sellmer, with six men of the Eleventh
Maine detachment, started for the battery to prepare the ammuni-
tion, timing the passage of the plank walk between twelve and
one o'eloek, when Vav enemy"- batteries usually ceased tiring, pre-
X
144 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
sum-ably for the purpose of giving the artillerymen time for their
dinners. In this way the party reached the 'Swamp Angel'
without being fired upon, but had hardly entered it when the fir-
ing was resumed, and a vicious fire kept up on the ' Swamp Angel '
until sunset. This was the time designated to Lieutenant Foster to
start for the ' Swamp Angel ' with the other men required — ten
— each carrying cartridges as before. This party also reached the
battery without being fired upon, but from that time until sunrise
of the following morning the firing was kept up without inter-
mission.
" All preparations for opening fire had been made before sunset,
consequently the party was forced to await the arrival of ten
i . ' . . \
o'clock in utter inactivity. For over four hours they sat around
the battery, seated upon loaded shells, watching the enemy's pro-
jectiles as they approached. The course of the mortar shells was
•a particular item of interest. These would ascend high into the
air, the fuze scintillating and twinkling, marking their course very
distinctly and impressively." They would apparently slop for a
moment in their course, and then descend with an ever-increasing
speed, the fuze glimmering threateningly in the dim light of th<i
moon, and the 'je wiss, je wiss' sound, caused by the action of
the aii- upon the projection of the wooden fuze-plug and the ears
of the shell, was in no way reassuring to the watchers. Each indi-
vidual imagined, that the shell was going straight for him ; and
well he might, for the battery was very contracted in size, not
more than ten feet of space across its largest part, (It was builr
in the shape of a horseshoe.) The mortar-firing was very good,
but luckily not a single shell burst in the air, all striking qui I
near enough, but sinking into the mud before exploding. Mud-
spattering was the only damage caused by them.
"When it was nearly ten o'clock the gun was made ready, loaded
and elevated, primer in vent and lanyard taut. The moon disap-
peared below the horizon about the same instant that the com-
mand, 'Fire/ despatched the seventeenth shell towards the
besieged city. The enemy's batteries, as it enraged at their
inability to stop the bombardment of the city in spite of their
endeavors to do so, now redoubled their lire, until there was not an
instant in which there was not soup.' deadly messenger on its mis-
sion of destruction or exploding in close proximity to the battery.
The -'Swamp Angel [ was now shrouded in utter darkness, lighted
THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 1-15
up only momentarily by the discharge of the gun, or some ex-
ploding rebel shell, while the words of command, a hissing shot or
exploding shell, was the only interruption of the deepest silence.
Several of our shells had exploded before leaving the gun, scatter-
ing the tubes containing the much-vaunted composition of Greek
fire into the marsh grass, but no trace of the terrible effects prom-
ised could be seen. After the sixth shot the gunner called out,
*I can't get the priming wire down, sir \' Examining the vent,
it was found that the gun had moved in its jacket — the wrought-
iron band shrunk around the breech of a Parrott gun ! Although
the priming wire would not go down, there was still sufficient
space to ignite the charge with the primer. The gun was injured
beyond redemption ; it might burst at any discharge. In order to
got all possible service out of it, Lieutenant Sellmer decided to fire
the gun until it burst. The men were then cautioned to go out-
side of the battery at the command, { Ready, ' so as to be out of
danger when it should burst. Ivumber four, who discharged the
gun, was given two lanyards tied together, that he might be pro-
tected by the epaulment. In this way the service of the gun
continued. At the twentieth round fired that night, Lieutenant
Sellmer desired to know the time of night, in order to calculate
the rapidity of the firing. Watch in hand, he placed himself on
the left side of the gun, so as to see the time by the flash of
the discharge. lie gave the command, 'Fire.' Instantly the
whole battery was one sheet of flame. The Parrott gnu had
burst.
"Lieutenant Selliner's left ear bled from an infernal injury, and
his hair, eyebrows, and mustache were singed. Number four
(Walton) had the knuckles of his right hand cut by one of the
flying bolts of the carriage, and Private Moses M. Burse was groan-
ing in the mud in rear of the gun. He had not gone sufficiently
outside the battery, and was struck across the thighs by a piece of
timber with which the chassis had been blocked up, Private
Charles II. Ham was slightly wounded. Upon examination of the
gun, it was discovered that the breech in rear of the vent had bi -u
blown clear out of its jacket, through the chassis and scaffolding,
and plunged into the mud. The gun itself had died like a soldier,
face to the foe. It had pitched itself forward upon the epaulment,
clem" our of t}^ carriage, and in nearly tin? same positiou as when
ready to be fired. The shot itself want smoothly to the city, us if
10
146 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
nothing Lad happened to the gun. No wonder the rebel batteries
kept np their fire at it for the two succeeding days, evidently fearing1
it might go off again. So it did, but not in the way they feared.
It was removed and replaced by a seacoast mortar, but that was
s^ never fired.
" The thing was at an end for that night, and as it was impor-
tant that Burse, who suffered considerably from his wound-,
should receive prompt medical attention, volunteers were called
for to go for a boat. Sergeant George Payne and Private Bradley
L. Kimball offered their services, and departed on the plank walk
for the boat at Light House Inlet. These two men were awarded
medals by General Grill more for this act, upon the recommenda-
tion of Colonel Plaisted and the testimony of Lieutenant Sell-
mer. After the boat had arrived at the little dock in front of the
battery, the wounded man was carried to it, and all the detachment
embarked; all this under a heavy fire, but camp was reached before
daylight without any further casually.
"It is certainly very remarkable that, from all the firing from
the rebel batteries upon the ' Swamp Angel/ not a man should
have been injured by their fire. There were two 10-inch Colum-
biads and four 10-inch mortars at Fort Johnson, four held pieces
at Battery Simpkins, and three or four field pieces in the edge of
the woods between Simpkins and Fort Johnson. Their firing was
excellent, not at all 'wild,' but the programme was badly planned.
Had they used shorter fuzes in their mortar shells, exploding them
over the 'Swamp Angel,' the result; would have been disastrous
to the detachment ; on the other hand, had their Oolumbiads been
served with solid shot, or shells with a longer-time fuze, they n
have demolished the light epaulment or dismounted the gun, be-
sidesinflicting heavy loss upon the gun detachment. Instead of
doing this, they burst their shell- most beautifully in front of the
battery, deluging it with fragments which could do no harm,
owing to precautions taken. A lookout was stationed to observe
the Oolumbiads only, as; the held pieces and mortars were not
minded at all, though the shots of the former struck the hat ten-
several times, and the shells of the hitter never dropped far from
it. At the flash of ihc Oolumbiads the lookout gave warning, and
the men, no matter what they were doing at the time, promptly
covered themselves behind the epaulmeut until the fragments had
passed. The men had to be quick, for hardly had the warning
A
THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 147
call beep made when the shell would be bursting before the bat-
tery, so near was the rebel battery,
" The destructive effects produced by the bombardment of
Charleston were all small, as far as actual damage was concerned ;
the moral effect was immense, all that had been expected from it,
but most important were the scientific results, for it was the dawn-
ing of a new era for the artillery of the world.
" The detachment of the Eleventh Maine was now transferred to
and encamped on Black Island, where a battery of four guns had
been prepared for further bombardment of the city. Four shots
were fired by the Eleventh Maine into the city from that battery ;
further firing was discontinued, because the evacuation of Morris
Island by the rebels allowed other batteries to be established much
nearer to and in plain view of the city. The whole regiment now
arriving at Morris Island, the detached men were returned to their
companies, but still served as artillerists, with the addition of other
men from the regiment, all under command of Lieutenant Sell-
ner. They now served four seacoast mortars in Battery Ohatfield
and two siege mortars in Battery Putnam, and continued to do so
until the bombardment of Sumter was discontinued, when the
detachments were relieved from further duty as artillerists, and
returned to their companies at Fort Wagner and on Black Island.
" The men, while on duty with the detachments under the com-
mand of Lieutenant Sellmer, merited and received the highest
praise from that officer for their soldierly qualities, intelligence,
bravery, coolness under fire, and prompt obedience under all
circumstances. They, their relatives and descendants, may well
feel proud of their records, and the knowledge that their duty
was faithfnlty, honestly, and willingly performed.
(Signed,) "Charles SelEMEK,
"£ate Captain Co. ./>, II th Me. Infantry \
''Brevet Colonel U. S. Vol*."
Xo other gun was mounted in this battery until in the spring
of 1804, when the diaries o( Morton and Maxfield state that a
fatigue party engaged in mounting guns on the c> Swamp Angel "
was shelled by ^c rebel batteries. Xewcomb notes thai it con-
tained two 10-inch mortars when ho picketed it. Sellmer's
detachment was ordered to Black Island, from which point they
rejoined the regiment on the 11th of October.
CHAPTER XVI.
THE REGBIENT IK THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON.
Turning Wagner and Gregg under the Enemy's Fire — Hard Fatigue and
Guard Duty — The Confederate Fleet— Its Attack on our Fleet— Tor-
pedo Boats — The Sinking of the Weehaicke?i — Detachments of the
Eleventh for Artillery Service— Experiences as Gunners in Battery
Chatfiekl — Odd Escapes — Fun with a Captain — A Shell Breaks into
our Magazine — Casualties — Night Bombardments — Attempt to Storm
Sumter — The Artillery Detachments Return to the Regiment—
Aggressive Work closed for the Season.
We left the regiment marching tip the broad, firm beach of
Morris Island. It went into camp about half- way up the island.
From here details of men for fatigue duty and "grand guard"
were sent to the upper end of the island. The fatigue work con-
sisted largely in rebuilding Forts Gre^ and Wagner, turning
them so as to bring the guns we were mounting in them to bear
upon the enemy's batteries on James and Sullivan's Islands.
Sumter bad been battered out of defensive power before we
reached the island, and, kit for a gnu now and then fired from it.
was a silent ruin. But, from something like sentimental reasons,
Sumter was still the centr.il point of offense and defense, the rebel
flag still living defiantly over its ruined bastions, the garrison
burrowing in bomb-proofs that every shell of ours but added to
the strength of, crumbling and tumbling the broken Btonework
in yet deeper depths above its garrison. From these burrows the
garrison watched for night sallies from shore and fleet, and by
the aid of the enfilading lire of &he guns of James and Sullivan's
Islands succeeded in beating oil all that were made.
As the fatigue parties worked with shovel and spade in the sand
of Fort Wagner ami of Battery Gregg, the lookouts ou the para-
pots would see a round cloud of white smoke fly into the air, from
James Island perhaps, Then, with a cry of " James Islamic' they
would leap from the parapets to cover, while the busy shovclers
would scatter for shelter, 1m Liuctiyely taking cover under the sand
walls next James Island tiil tin.1 projectile, snot or shell, from gun
A
THE KEGBfENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 149
or mortar, Bad exploded and tile fragments bad buried themselves
dee}> in the sand. Or the cry would be "Sullivan," then the
cover was sought for under the sand walls next that island.
As soon as the danger was over, all rushed back to their work
again. But sometimes this enfilading fire would become so vig-
orous as to force the men to quit work for a time and take
shelter in the great bomb-proofs and magazines, built of squared
logs, banked and. heaped with such, depths of sand that even the
fifteen-inch shells of the ironclads had failed to make any impres-
sion on them during the bombardment. All this time our own
batteries on Morris Island were keeping up a steady fire upon
Sumter and the other rebel fortifications, the fleet taking aclvan-
tage of good weather to leave their stations outside the rebel line
of fife, steam in, and join in the bombardment.
Another duty consisted in furnishing men for picket. These
were stationed at night at various points to keep a sharp lookout
for attempts that might be made to land and attack our works.
Some were stationed on the "Swamp Angel" battery, which, as
Colonel SeHmer states, was connected with Morris Island hv a
long plank walk built across the marsh. (Black island was con-
nected with Morris by a similar walk that was a mile long.) A
picket post Was stationed at Payne's Dock, formerly ;> floating
rebel four-gun battery. Army picket boats cruised along the
upper shore of Cumming's Point, and along Vincent's Creek,
every night, while the fleet would send an ironclad in at night,
from which naval pickets were sent out in boats, and in the
bomb-proofs of Gregg and Wagner a "grand guard" of a few
hundred men was usually stationed at night, to repel any
assaulting column that might attempt the recapture of these
works.
Captain Maxfield, then acting as Sergeant-Major, lias noted
that for a part of the time we furnished a hundred nun for
fatigue duty during the day, and at night fifty men for picket;
and that this demand grew until in November there was a call
for 235 men for picket and grand -guard duty, of which we could
furnish but 178 men, after taking out the camp guard, our force
reported for duty numbering but 275 men all told. This was
November 8th. The duty had ^-own harder even then if was
when Morton noted, October 17th : "The boys seldom <s>A
twenty-four hours oil fatigue or grand guard now."
150
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT'.
/"
The Confederates picketed the waters of the harbor and the
mouths of the creeks still in their possession. They hud a small-
naval force — a few ships and two rams. Maxfield notes, October
20th : " Some vessels came from Charleston to Fort Sumter.
One appeared to be an ironclad ram of no small proportions.''
General Beauregard's " Military Operations " speaks of two iron-
clad gunboats— rams— the Palmetto State and the Chicora, and
of three small harbor steamers which served the rams as tenders.
The only aggressive movement made by this fleet was on January
30, 1863. The rams, accompanied by their tenders, steamed
out on a clear day, when the water was in a most smooth and pro-
pitious condition, and attacked the blockading fleet, of which the
ablest boats were away. The rams dispersed the fleet, after
disabling two or three of the vessels, two of which struck their
colors, but were left behind when the rams steamed back to
Charleston. Beauregard says the Confederate lack of naval
enterprise was owing to the weakness of the machinery of the
rains and their great draught of water, stating also that neither
could be looked upon as entirely seaworthy. They certainly
played a very inconspicuous part in General Beauregard's very
energetic and successful defense of the city of Charleston.
Further than this sally, the naval efforts of the Confederates
against our fleet were eoniined to torpedo-boat attacks. On the
night of the 21st of August, J 803, says Admiral Ammen, "a
steam torpedo boat came out of Charleston and struck the
Ironsides. A direct collision was not effected, and the electric
current failed also. The boat, however, effected her retreat under
a heavy lire from the Ironsides and other vessels." October 5th, a
second attempt was made to blow up the Ironsides. Admiral
Ammen says that a little after 0 p.m. a sentry saw a small object
approaching the ship. It was hailed, no answer was received, and
the sentry fired. Almost immediately the ship received a very
severe shock from an explosion which threw a column of water upon
the spar deck and into the engine room. ''"This torpedo boat was
shaped like a cigar, was fifty fee! long and live feet in diameter,
and so submerged that the only portion visible was the combing
of her hatch, two feet above the water's surface and only ten feet
in length/' The same authority states that, about nine o'clock
on the night of February 19, 1864, "an object was seen moving
towards the Iloascttonic. a fine new vessel of war, lying outside
THE REGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 151
Charleston bar, and some four miles from Moultrie. The ap-
proaching object had the appearance of a plank upon the water.
When seen it was one hundred yards distant • in two minutes it
had reached the ship. Within that time the chain cable had been
slipped, and the engine backed, but it was too late. The torpedo
struck the ship, exploded, and she sank immediately, but in such
shallow water that the liammock nettings were just awash when
the keel rested on the bottom. The crew took to the rigging, and
was saved by boats from other blockaders, except a few drowned
as the vessel went down. The torpedo boat went down with the
Housatonic, drowning the four men that were in her.'' These
are the most notable attempts made to use torpedo boats off
Charleston. The Pa.tapsco was sunk in January, 1805, while
dragging for torpedoes off Sumter, running on one and going
down with sixty- two officers and men.
The only other loss of a monitor, except that of the Keokuk,
sunk in action April 7, 1SG3, was that of the Weehawkcn,
which sank while fast to one of tb>e mooring buoys placed inside
the Charleston bar. This was the night of December 0, 1803,
and we well remember our astonishment the next morning when
we missed the well-known boat from the ileet. Four officers and
twenty men went down in her. The cause of her sinking was,
she was overloaded forward with an accumulation of shells, causing
• her to become so depressed forward that the water she was shipping
through a neglected hawse-hole could not flow back to the steam
pumps, but gathered in her hull and sank her by its weight.
In the last days of October a detachment of the regiment was
detailed for mortar service in Battery Ohatficld, a work on Cum-
ming's Point, and between Wagner and Gregg. This detachment
was officered by Lieutenants Sellmer and Foster, and consisted of
the men of companies C, E, F, G-, and K who had served with
these officers during the siege of Wagner, and in the Swamp An-
gel battery. To these were added a number of men from Company
I), of which the writer was one. And November It in Lieutenant
Newcomb and several men were detailed for a similar service in
Gregg or Putnam, tins detachment soon becoming identified with
the Chatiield detachment. Fort Wagner was rechristened Fort
Strong, and Gregg 1 hit nam, but tin- original mimes could not be
so easily displaced, and the works continued to bear them except
in official papers.
152
THJJ STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
I see that Lieutenant Holt, of A, and a detachment of his com-
pany served as artillerists top ; and that Captain Baldwin was in
command of a detachment doing like sejnri.ee. As the work of all
these detachments was of a similar character, the experiences of
the one the writer was with in. Cliatfield should illustrate the expe-
rience of all.
Our battery work was mainly directed against rained Sumter.
Day after day we trained the mortars on that crumbling fortress,
sending their 10-ineh shells high in air, to drop into Sumter and
burst. After a shot was fired, it was watched through a field glass
by an officer and its effect noted ; whether it fell into the fort or
outside of it, whether it burst in the air or after striking its ob-
jective point, the men at work in the magazine filling the flannel
bags each charge of powder weighed out was inclosed in receiving
orders to put in more or less powder as the effects of the shots were
noted, and those cutting fuzes receiving their orders to cut them
shorter or longer from the same observations. As one officer ob-
served the effects of the shots, another would note on a prepared
form the results given him by the officer in charge of the firing,
thus keeping a tabulated statement of each day's work, the num-
ber of shots tired, and their individual results.
Sometimes these results were plain to all of us. A shot would
fall into the fort, and a whirl of flying fragments of stone, or a
leaping barbette caisson, would fell us just where it had struck
and just what its effect was. And a few times we succeeded in
our incessant endeavor to bowl down the rebel flag. But, to the
credit of the garrison of Sumter it must be said, no sooner was
it down than some brave fellow would mount the parapet and set
it flying again.
There is rarely any considerable loss of life through artillery
firing. While the singing of minie balls has an ominous sound
in the cars of the most hardened veteran, the roar of a battery,
except at close quarters when throwing grape and canister, is not
very alarming to him. Why, at the great artillery duel at White
Oak Swamp in June, ISuS, our loss, except in artillerymen, was
slight, and the artillerymen killed and wounded were mostly
picked off by the rebel sharpshooters ; and General "Dick"
Taylor, who commanded the Confederate troops immediately
across the bridge, says that, severe as was our fire, their loss was
but a small one. At the siesre of Fort Pulaski the Confederate
A
THE REGIMENT IX THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 153
.
loss was only one killed and several wounded ; the Federal loss,
one killed. And in all the wild uproar of thundering cannon
and shrieking shells at the siege of Charleston our loss was ridicu-
lously small, viewed from the standpoint of infantry engagements,
the careful watch the outlooks kept from the safe places saving
many lives and limbs.
But there were several narrow escapes; and some curious ones,
too. How shall we account for that of Lieutenant Foster, who,
after remaining comfortably seated for hours upon an empty
ammunition box on the parapet of Coalfield, entirely ignoring
the fast-coming shots of the enemy, suddenly rose and stepped
off the parapet, and just as he stepped off it the box he had been
seated on went into the air, struck by a piece of shell ? And then
there is the experience of Private Darling, who, working at a
mortar, suddenly stepped backward, and just in time to save him-
self from being cut in two by the whistling copper bottom of a
Brooks's rifle shell that went flying right across the spot he had
just stood on.
There were other escapes that might be mentioned ; that of
the writer, for instance, who was seated on the top of a pyramid
of mortar shell?, waiting for an opportunity to deal out the con-
tents of a canteen that rested against the base of a contiguous
pyramid. 1 had sat there comfortably for a long time, regardless
of shot and shell, bur when a shell came rushing from Sitrrpkins,
something took me to my feet, and they hurried me to shelter.
As 1 sped to the bomb-proof, the canteen of whiskey went flying
into the air, struck by a piece of shell that must have passed
right through my body had J kept my seat. I very much, doubt
if the honest trrief so loud.lv expressed by our men for the loss of
the whiskey would have been lavished on the writer had he kept
his seat. Indeed, there were some who intimated that had I
stayed at my post the whiskey would have been saved.
We all became expert dodgers, could guess at the course of a
shell by the shriek, and could, see ihv, round black spot that lold
of a mortar shell hastening towards us whet] it wa.s high in the
air, knowing well when it burst that it was prudent to wait in
shelter until the pieces had fallen to the ground, never forgetting
the last piece, fhc one probably thrown highest into the air by the
bursting shell, to come straight down after all the rest of the
broken iron had reached the ground. But the prouder of our
154 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
men didn't flinch, naturally emulating Lieutenant Sellmer, who
simply didn't pay any attention to shot or shell, just stepping
around in his rapid, striding way, without noticing any projectiles
but his own. TSor did Captain Colwell, the commander of the
detachment of the Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, manning
the Parrot! gun battery which formed part of the armament of
Chat-field. One day this officer was walking the parapet, his
usual post in directing the tiring of his battery, when a shell
came screaming from Fort Johnson, struck in the parapet but a
few feet under him, and burst. A cloud of sand and smoke hid
Colwell from us for a moment, but we were assured of his safety
by the command, " Fire/' that rang from out the cloud — the
word that was on his lips when the shell burst, and that he coolly
finished while standing in a position of -imminent danger. As
the big Parrott gun roared in obedience to his command, we
dropped our handspikes, and gave him three cheers for his
intrepidity.
We had our little jokes, too. Xewcomb's diary records one.
Captain Colwell was tiring on Moultrie from a 300-pound Parrott
gam, and every time lie would fire a shot Moultrie would respond
from, a 10-inch Columbiad, firing as the smoke from Colwell's
discharge leaped into the air. The captain thought to fool them
a little, so placed a charge of powder in the embrasure and set it
off by a train, but, as ^Neweomb tells it, " Mr. Rebel was .not to
be deceived by any such shallow device, and reserved his shot
until the Parrott gun really spoke, when he answered as usual."
A captain of one of the regiments that was encamped on the
island haunted our battery for a few days. He was on a bit of a
spree, to be plain, and liquor made him so bellicose that he made
his way to the front and into danger, lie was particularly inter-
ested in our mortar tire, and soon became anxious to send a mor-
tar shell hying all by himself; a not at all difficult operation, as
he could see — just to pull a lanyard that was hooked into the
friction primer thrust into a "vent hole " of a mortar. So per-
sistent was he that at last the sergeant in charge of the firing
party of the day gave his consent, and the boys gathered around
to see the fun. They knew that the captain did not know that
the one pulling the lanyard should take care to lift himself on his
toes, opening his mouth a little at the same time to break the
force of the concussion. The captain took hold of the lanyard,
X
THE REGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 155
braced his feci firmly, clinched bis teeth, and at the word, " Fire,"
pulled manfully, A more horrified face you never saw, as a tem-
pest-like shock went living through his nervous system, fairly
paralyzing him for a few moments. As he recovered himself, and
looked around at the grinning faces, he realized that he had been
made the victim of a joke. He grated his teeth, scowled diaboli-
cally, flung the lanyard aside, and strode stngily campward, not
deigning to cast a glance at his now loudly laughing tormentors.
But we had our day of woe. On the 8th of December a 10-
inch mortar shell, thrown from Sullivan's Island, struck the roof
of the passageway leading to our magazine, and breaking through
exploded, exploding a loaded shell that lay in the passageway.
There were eight or nine men in the magazine at the time. For
a.- moment, we that vrere outside the magazine were panic-stricken,
expecting the magazine, in which we had many barrels of powder
stored, to blow up. for some of the barrels were unheaded. But,
fortunately, the shells were so surrounded with the tons of sand
that poured into the magazine through the opening that their
bursting Dames were completely smothered, and did not touch a
I « ........ grain of exposed powder. We hastened to dig our buried men
out, and found that Corporal Horace F. Albee, of Company C,
had been killed by a piece of shell, that Private Bradley L. Kim-
ball, of Company E, was mortally wounded, and that Sergeant
John Howard, of Company K, Corporal Bearce, Privates Maddox
and Bragdon, of Company D, were more or less severely injured.
We worked at our batteries during the day only, as a rule,
returning to the regimental camp each night, leaving the batteries
to be defended from any attempt of the enemy to occupy them
by the heavy and light guns of direct fire, and by the infantry
force that was marched up the island each night and ensconsed
in the bomb-proofs of Wagner and Gregg. But such an attack
never came, the Confederates contenting themselves with long-
range demonstrations, frequently indulging in a heavy uight-
shelling of our works, as if to cover a landing. On these nights
the air would be full of artillery pyrotechnics, the flaring of burst-
ing shells, and the sparkling arcs of mortar shells with their
llaming- fuzes,* described by an old writer, one of the witnesses of
the siege of Yorktown in 1781, as "fiery meteors with flaming
tails, most, beautifully brilliant "—a fine exhibition for those out
of ranf{0. Lieutenant Newcoinb's diary describes such an exhibi-
/
156 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
fcioiij as seen by him from the regimental camp : " I was aroused
by the dull, heavy sound of a Parrotfc gun speaking to the rebel
city. It was immediately answered by a shot from James Island,
and then another came from Moultrie, then another and another.
I went upon rising ground in the camp, and watched the scene.
It was very bright moonlight, arid the rapid flashes of the guns
and the glare of the bursting shells made a very impressive
sight."
The heavy shelling we gave Sumter during November and the
early part of December had a purpose, of course. It was to so
destroy that fort as a place of shelter as to force its garrison to
abandon it, or to so destroy their means of resistance as to enable
us to storm it with a chance of success. The only attempt to
storm Sumter that had' been made as yet was that of September
8th, when 450 picked men of the navy essayed its capture by a
night attack. Several boat-loads of our naval forces effected a
landing, but were met with such a fire of musketry, hand gre-
nades, grape and canister — the enemy's batteries, with their gun-
boats, opening fire from all quarters— that all who landed were
either killed or taken prisoners. There were rumors afloat from
the beginning of Nov ember that on this and that- night a deter-
mined attack would be made on the fort, Morton states that on
the night of October 30th the Seventh Connecticut went into
boats to storm Sumter, but that the order was revoked before
thevput off, and that on the night of November 2d a boat reeon-
noissance of the fort was made, a party reaching it undiscovered,
bringing several bricks away, one of which Colonel Plaisted sent
North by Major Spofford, who went home on leave the 3d of
November, Newcomb notes, November 18th : "On our way to
the front this morning we heard musketry, and it turned out that
our picket boats had been close up to Sumter, and had exchanged
shots with the garrison/-'
The 20th of November, another effort was made to seize the
fort. A force of infantry moved out in barges, under convoy of
the naval picker boats, but were discovered and. driven back.
Newcomb describes ibis effort: "Turned out with my detach-
ment at one (/clock this morning to go to the front, as an attack
was to be made on Snmter. Our mortars might he needed. The
assaulting column was seen and fired on by th^garrison just as
we reached Fort Greea. We could see the flashes of musketry
A
THE REGIMENT IN THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 157
from the fort. They looked like sparks from a chimney. The
firing lasted about live minutes, and during it Johnson and
Moultrie began to ricochet shot over the water, enfilading the
fort. Then Moultrie opened on Gregg, and firing was kept up
until morning. As the musketry ceased we could sec our boats
rowing back past the Point to the rendezvous on the west side of
the island/'
On the 20th of December we infantrymen on artillery service
were ordered to return to our regiments. From this on, the siege
operations were carried on listlessly, our cannonading having no
special object except to cover our occupancy. In the words of
General Grillmore, our ]aie bombardment of Sumter t( ended all
aggressive operations for the season against the defenses of
Charleston"
/
CHAPTER XYIT.
A WINTER ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST.
Our Brigade Formation — A Military Execution — Garrisoning Fort Wag-
ner and Black Island — The "Veteran Volunteers " go North — Inci-
dents of Life in Fort Wagner and on Black Island — April Fool — -Cli-
matic Record — A High Tide and a Great Storm — The Dead Uncov-
ered— Beauregard Bombards us to Affect Operations in Florida — His
Stratagem a Success — Experience with Shells — The Destruction of a
Blockade Ilunner — Relieved, We Sail for Virginia.
The following paragraphs from the diaries of our observing
friends will round out the story of the Morris Island experience
of our regiment.
November 13th — Morton : "Eeview of our brigade by General
Terry. The brigade consists of the Ninth and Eleventh Maine
and the Third, Fourth, and Seventh New Hampshire Regiments/5
The brigade was commanded by Colonel Plaistedj except when
he was on leave in the North, when it was (from December 12th
to January 21st) by Colonel Bell, of the Fourth New Hampshire.
November Kith— Maxfiehl : "The rebels opened on our works
with all their batteries aboiu eleven o'clock last night, which
caused a general alarm, the long roll sounding all over the island,
and the troops gathering under arms." December 5th — "There
was a review of all the troops on Morris Island by General Gill-
more this afternoon, our regiment holding the right of the line."
December 10th — Newcomb : '-Captain Baldwin's men picked
up a bottle on the shore to-night. It was sealed and contained
issues of the Charleston Courier, one of the 7th and one of the
8th of tho month. The one of the 8th stated that Longstreet is
retiring from Knowille. It contains a long list of removals in
the city, probably out of range of our 100-ponnd Parrott, from
which thirty shells were fired into the city last night. The terms
of the daily, a half-sheet, were fifteen dollars for six months."
The forces on the island were turned out December 17th to
witness the execution of a deserter from the Third New Hamp-
shire, who was captured while deserting, mistaking the camp of
-•
/
A WINTER OX THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST. 159
■
the Ninth 31 Mne, on Black Island, for a rebel camp on James
Island. When he discovered his blunder lie tried to pass himself
off as a deserter from the rebels, but he was recognized by men of
his own company-, was tried by court-martial, and sentenced to be
shot within forty-eight hours from the passing of the sentence.
Morton's diary says, of this execution : "Attended by an escort
under command of an officer (the tiring party) and with a drum
corps playing the dead march, he was taken down the lines, and
out on the beach, where, blindfolded and kneeling on his coffin,
he was shot dead. He was then laid on his coffin, stripped to the
waist, and the troops were marched by him in column of com-
panies. He was one of the conscripts and substitutes of whom
large numbers have lately joined the army here, and was thus
summarily dealt with to deter others from making a like effort.
It is snicl that this man had been in the rebel service, and had
deserted and got North, where he had enlisted, securing a large
bounty, and was trying to get back to his home when caught."
December 25th — Maxnekl : "Shelling Charleston commenced
before 1 o'clock a.m. A fire was seen burning in the city, and
burned with great vigor till daylight. It is supposed to be the
work of our shells. The rebels Opened on our works vigorously.
Private Pierce LafiTn, of Company P, was severely wounded, a
pieee of shell striking the bayonets of some stacked rifles in Fort
Wagner, one of the pieces of shattered steel penetrating his \o?\"
On the first of January orders were received for the regiment to
strike i^it? and enter Port Wagner as its garrison, and the tents
were down, when the order was countermanded. On the 23d of
the month Companies B and D moved into the fort, bag and bag-
gage. On the 30th about fifty recruits joined the regiment.
Morton notes that a number were original members that had been
discharged, lie considers this body of recruits as "a fine-look-
• ing lot of men.''* Almost all entered Company A.
On the 10th of February the eight, companies, with the colors,
were ordered to change their camp to Black Island, relieving the
Ninth Maine. Companies C, E, F, and G moved over on the
10th, and A, H, I, and K on the 11th, marching by way of the
plank walk between Morris and Black Islands, which road Morton
calls "a rather ticklish highway." expressing a wonder that " the
rebels did not shell us while we were crossing." The baggage was
carted to Oyster Point, and taken thence to Black Island in boats.
/
160 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Morton slates that the camp on Black Island was of small area,
and under the fire of the enemy's batteries on James Island.
Bomb-proofs were therefore necessary for the men's protection.
/ The fort contained two guns. After a time a Quaker gun was
made and mounted in an embrasure, to add dignity to the post in
the eyes of the enemy.
On the morning of the 12th of February, about half-past one
o'clock, a general bombardment was commenced, and was kept up
for some time on both sides. All the troops turned out under
arms. But only two mortar shells were thrown at Black Island,
one bursting over the camp, and one going over the island to bury
itself in the marsh.
In the afternoon of this day the ''Veteran Volunteers," one
hundred and one in number — the men who had reenlisted during
fche months of December and January — left for home to enjoy the
furlough which was one of the inducements offered tine men to
reenlist. Captains Sabine, Lawrence, Nick-els, and Mudgett, with
Lieutenants Adams and Charles H. Foster, accompanied the veter-
ans. In the latter part of Febr nary a distressing rumor gai
ground in the regiment that the boat conveying these veterans
north had gone down with all on board, but this rumor, to the great
relief of their anxious comrades1, was soon known to be unfounded.
On the 20th of February lieutenants Brannen and Stephen B.
Foster discovered a torpedo anchored in the creek towards Seces-
sion ville, and on the 21st Lfeutenant Brannen and Adjutant Fox
took it up and brought it to camp. February 27th, Lieutenanl
Brannen went scouting towards Sccessionville in the afternoon,
and was tired on by the rebel batteries, some of the shells stril .
so near as to throw mud over him. Black Island opened fire with
its two guns to cover his retreat.
Each Sunday divine services were held in a large tent, where
bench seats were provided for the men- -a necessary thing, Mor-
ton says, "as the services wore usually preceded by the Chaplain
reading the Articles of War,"
March 26th, adetachment of forty men, under Lieutenant Sell-
mer, loft Black Island to man Battery Purviance, on Oyster Point,
the south end of Morris Island. On the 27th Dr. Woodman W,
Boyal arrived at the regiment, to serve it as an assistant surgeon.
Vc may say, as well now as later on, that he did most effective
service until mustered out.
A WINTER OX THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST.
/
t
On April 1st Maxfield commemorates that after firing a few
shells at Black Island the rebels fired a blank cartridge by way of
an April fool, causing the men to rush for shelter, to find no shot
was coming to justify them in hugging the parapets and crowding
into bomb-proofs ; and April 8th, that the rebels threw up rockets
and built fires on James Island in the evening, which led Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Spofford to anticipate an attack, and everything was
placed in readiness to repel one. Sumter fired a salute on the 12th
of the month in honor of the anniversary of its surrender to the
Confederacy.
The climatic record of the diaries may not be uninteresting.
The weather of the early part of October was very fine. About
the end of the month it turned cold, and Morton notes on the
25th : ci Cold, can hardly keep comfortable without a fire " ; 26th:
•"Cold, windy weather, very high tide, highest we have seen",
28th : " Cold and rainy"; 30th: "■Warm and pleasant again/'
It remained so for a few days, but, Xovember 9th, he notes again :
" Cold weather'" ; 10th : ''Cold and uncomfortable.*' It seems to
have been pleasant from then until the last of November, then
Maxficld notes, for the 2'Jth : " Wet and rainy, cleared oil cold at
night" ; 30th : "So cold that water was frozen over in the pail " ;
December 1st : "Quite cold." Then, after a few warm days, lie
notes for December ?'th : li Bather cold ; the sand drifts as much
as snow does in Maine." Then came variable mild weather until
January 1st, when MaxMeld notes : "A strong wind from the
northeast and very cold. The sand flies as badh as snow does in
the North, is worse than flying snow, for when sand blows into your
eyes it doesn't melt "■; January 2d : ffTremi ndously cold weather ;
ink froze in the buttle." Then for a while eame stormy, rainy
weather; cold and uncomfortable. February set in with pleasant
weather, until the 18th, when Maxfield notes : " Quite a cold day,
with a few spits of snow." Fur a few days it was cold and windy,
then became pleasant again.
The weather steadily improved, without much rain, until April
4th, when there was a high tide and a strong sea. Maxfield notes,
from Black Island : il Tide very high ; 1 passed over the regimental
parade ground in a boat at high tide." Of this same Hood Xew-
comb notes in Fort Wagner : "A very high wind and heavy rain.
A part of the stockade is washed away. A terrible sight outside
the fort. More remains have been disinterred than by any pre-
1 n
162 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
vious storm." He writes, April 7tli : "The effect of the great
storm is made disagreeably evident by tire odor that arises from
the nil covered bodies."
A large number of men had been killed and buried around
Wagner. The high tides and the storms that came in with
winter had washed many bodies from their graves iu the shifting
sand before this, rsewcomb noted, December 12th : "-In going
to the front in the morning we had to wait at several places for
the water to retire, and then rash across before the next wave
came booming in. Morris Island from the Beacon House to
Gregg was but a series of small islands. The stockade in front of
Wagner is washed away, together with the exterior slope of the
parapet. Many bodies were washed out of their graves. I saw
two skulls rolling in the surf, and while returning to camp saw
three or four bodies lying between Wagner and Chatfield."
One of the difficulties of getting water in Wagner and Chai.fteld
was the trouble we had in sinking our wells (a barrel thrust its
length, into the sand) without piercing a grave. And it can be
imagined that the water was none of the best, what with its
brackishness — it was but sea-water faltered through sand — and the
contiguity of the decomposing bodies.
The companies garrisoning Wagner were engaged in desultory
battery work, in firing into Charleston, and in making counter
demonstrations to those of the enemy, who were inclined to show
a bold front with limited numbers, especially while depleting their
small force to strengthen that of General Finegan in Florida,
when General Seymour made his ill-starred expedition into the
interior of that State, an expedition that came to a disastrous end
at Olustee on the 20th of February, where he was routed by the
force of General Finegan, with a loss of 193 killed. 1,175
wounded, and 460 missing, losing live guns. The total Con-
federate loss reported by General Finegan was 93 killed and 841
wounded.
During the period of time occupied by the operations in Florid;'.,
General Beauregard visited us with fierce night bombardments.
One of these, the one mentioned in Maxfield's diary, and the
most notable-one of the winter, is graphically described by New-
comb in his diary: "February 12th.—- Last night 1 sat in the
mess tent writing until a late hour. I had been asleep but a short
time when 1 was awakened by a heavy cannonading in the direc-
A WINTEB ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST. 163
lion of Secessionville. I had scarcely got out of the tent when
the rebels opened from Moultrie, Simpkins, and Johnson. The
guards were all turned out, and the gun detachments sent to their
posts. Several shells burst near the fort, two bursting over it, a
few pieces falling inside. Five companies of the Ninth Maine
came from the old Eleventh Maine camp ground, where the
Ninth now is, and were stationed along the banquette. One
shell from Simpkins came near pitching into the tent in which
Captain Baldwin lay confined with rheumatism. The bombard-
ment lasted for three or four hours. A comical incident of it was
that the sutler, whose shop is outside the fort, got so frightened
tint he ran away down the bench until stopped by the guards at
the Beacon House. His hat fell off in his flight, but he was too
scared to stop and pick it tip, so when he came back to the fort
at daylight he had his handkerchief tied on his head, presenting a
most ridiculous appearance.''
The object of tins particular bombardment was to force the
withdrawal of the Union troops that had recently landed on
John's Island, as if intending to take advantage of the known
necessity of the Confederates to send all possible reinforcements
to Florida. So serious did this Federal movement appear to
General Beauregard, who knew the weakness of his line better
than did anybody else, that he held back most of Colquitt's bri-
gade, already en route for Florida. The following paragraph from
Beauregard's report to the Confederate War Department, made in
March, 1864, tells the story : " On the night of the 11th ultimo
[February, 1864] I ordered all the batteries bearing on Morris
Island to open a heavy simultaneous lire on that position as if a
cover for an assault, and with the hope of forcing the enemy to
withdraw from John's Island to the protection of his own works.
This stratagem seems to have produced the desired effect, or
assisted to make him abandon the movement on John's Island
and withdraw hastily before daybreak, thus releasing and enabling
Colquitt's command to reach General Finegan in time to meet
and defeat ih>j enemy at Ocean Pond [Olustee]."
The garrison in Wagner was commanded by Captain Strahan,
of Company I, Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. His com-
pany made part of the garrison. We camped in tents pitched
in as sheltered positions of the esplanade as we could find. But
we had some unpleasant experiences, as may be imagined by these
161 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
bits from Xewcomb's diary : (< About foxrt O'clock in the after-
noon, as Captain Baldwin and myself were sitting in our tent
taking turns in reading Dickens's 'Old Curiosity Shop ' aloud,
we were interrupted by the screech of a 200-pound shell from
Battery Beauregard. It buried itself in the counterscarp and
exploded, a piece passing through one of our tents." And another
day : "About half-past three in the afternoon a mortar shell from
Moultrie went over the fort. Four others came afterwards, the
pieces from two falling into the fort."
| \Yc had many such experiences, and several narrow escapes.
We did not care so much for the rebel guns of direct fire, for
their shriek and the explosion of the percussion shell came so near
together as to make but a few moments of intense excitement.
But the mortar shells ! Their deliberation, and their coming
down from on high, making nearly all cover, except that of a
bomb-proof, a mockery, made them dreaded visitors, and the
more you saw of them the less you liked them. You are never
likely to forget the moments spent in company with a hissing
mortar shell. One comes whistling down with blazing fuse and
crashes into the ground within a few feet of you, compelling you
to throw yourself flat on you.'- face and wait for its explosion.
Strange speculations run through your mind during the awful
moment of suspense, while the hissing fuze warns you that the
shell, is "alive" — is really going to explode. Then comes the
roar and crash of the explosion, the moment of thankfulness that
you are yet unstruck except b} a shower of sand. This is followed
by a few moments of breathless waiting until you can be sure thai
the living pieces have buried themselves in the ground around
you. Then you lea}) to your feet and laugh with a real joy, and
try to make yourself believe that you were not anything like as
horribly seared as you know in. your heart you really were.
We must not forget one of the most exciting incidents o^ our
sojourn in Wagner, that of the destruction of the blockade-runner
that went ashore under the guns of Moultrie, the night of Febru-
ary 2d. The blockade-runners stole through the blockading fleet
on dark nights, and, steaming into the channel, would take their
course from a bright light kept burning in the steeple of St.
Michael's Church, a most prominent object in the foreground of
Charleston, and which, by the ivay, we made our target when
firing into the eirv. Getting this light within range of one
A WINTER -ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA COAST. 165
burning on Sumter, they could usually keep the channel and
glide safely into the harbor. But this nisht was a very foo-gv
one., and this runner could not make the lights, so went fast
aground. Just after daybreak a sentry called the attention of
the sergeant of the guard to a patch of harder color in the soft
atmospheric gray of the fog bank that lay between us and Sulli-
I van's Island. A hasty inspection convinced us that a blockade-
runner was fast ashore under Moultrie. The alarm was quickly
given, and in a few minutes a 100-pound shell was whirling
through, the fog at the grounded steamer, the powerful impact of
the shell boring a gigantic tunnel through the fog ba.uk, through
which we could see the lead-colored vessel, with hundreds of men
swarming in and out of it, engaged in a desperate attempt to
unload freight before the Yankees should discover her presence.
There was a wild scattering at the sound of the coming shell, the
runner was left to serve us as a target, and. assisted by an emula-
tive monitor or two, wo threw shell after shell until the boat was
a wreck.
I The diaries tell nothing now of life on Black Island and in
Wagner during the remaining weeks of the companies' stay in the
Department of the South. For some time rumors that the vet-
eran troops of the Department were to be sent to Virginia had
been prevalent, and on the loth of April orders were received to
be ready to march vi an hour's notice.
On the morning of the 19th of April, between twelve and one
o'clock, the companies on Black Island were relieved by com-
panies of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, and the same night the
companies of the regiment in Wagner were relieved by companies
of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania. By daylight .the companies on
Black Island had been transferred, in boats to Folly Island. Dur-
ing the day. Companies B and D from Wagner, and squads that
had been on detached service here and there, rejoined the regi-
ment. Later in the afternoon the reunited regiment marched to
Pawnee Landing, and went on board the steamer Oosmojmlitan
with the Ninth Maine. We were soon at sea. arriving at Hilton
Head the next morning. The regiment went ashore and camped
I in a newly built storage warehouse, remaining there until the
evening of the 21st, when it reembarked on board the Cosmopoli-
tan, again with the Ninth .Maine.
In the evening of April 23d, after a pleasant passage of forty-
166 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
eight hours, the Cosmopolitan steamed into Hampton Boads. It
proceeded to Yorktown that night, and. anchoring off the bar
until daylight, when it went into the river, touched at Yorktown,
then crossed to Gloucester Point, where the regiments were
landed, the Eleventh going into camp about a mile from the
landing, and within sight of the camp ground it marched from
to take ship for the Department of the South, fifteen months
before.
CHAPTEK XVIII.
YORKTOWK AXI) GLOUCESTER POIXT.
Recollection and a Comparison — The Army of the James — The "Iron"
Brigade — The " Veterans " Return with One Hundred and Seventy-
six Recruits — The Plan of Campaign — Preparations Completed — We
Embark and Sail for Bermuda Hundred — Organization of the Regi-
ment at This Time.
It is ray recollection that Yorktown had not improved since we
last saw it. It certainly had not in oSTewcomb's opinion, for bis
diary tells us this : ei Yorktown has not improved much. The
only improvement I ear. see is that half its buildings have been
burned down. The same hay bales, apparently, are piled on the
wharves ; the same bags of oats, yes, and there, just where we left
them, are the same old canal boats that sank at Harrison's Land-
ing, to the spoiling of our knapsacks. And the earth works are
in a state of neglect ; they do not took like the trim ones we left
on Morris Island.''
The plains below the town, where the camps of the old Naglee
brigade had been, as were the plains at Gloucester Point, Mere
now white with the tents of tin; newly organized Army of the
James, an army consisting, officers and men, of 31,872 infantry,
2,120 artillery with eighty-two guns, arid of 2,181 cavalry, attached
to which was a six-gun battery. There was also a colored cavalry
" brigade " of some 1,800 officers aud men. Major-General Benja-
min I\ Butler commanded this army, which was divided into two
corps : the Tenth, composed of troops drawn from South Caro-
lina, and commanded by Major-General Qdncy A. Gillxnore, and
the Eighteenth, commanded by Major-General William F. (Baldy)
Smith. This was the same General Smith that commanded a
division of the old Fourth Corps in the opening of the Peninsula
campaign.
The Tenth Coins was divided into three divisions, commanded
respectively by Generals Terry, Turner, and Ames; the Eigh-
teenth, of three divisions, commanded respectively by Generals
Brooks, Weit/.el, and Hinks. Banks's division was made up of
168 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
colored troops: Ouv regiment was in the Third Brigade of
Terry's division, with Colonel Plaisted as brigade commander.
The other regiments of the brigade were the Twenty-fourth Mas-
sachusetts, the Tenth Connecticut, and the One Hundredth New
York.
Chaplain Henry (May Trumbull, of the Tenth Connecticut,
writes of this brigade formation in '* The Knightly Soldier/' a
memorial of gallant Major Camp, of the Tenth, killed in an
assault on the rebel works near the Darby town Road, October 13,
1864 The Chaplain says : "The Twenty-fourth Massachusetts
unO, the Tenth Connecticut had been friends in all their campaign-
ing. The One Hundredth Yew York had been brigaded with
both in South Carolina. The Eleventh Maine, although inore
recently with them, soon became a general favorite, and thai and
the Tenth were almost as one regiment."
The Hundredth Yew York was with us in the old Yoglce
brigade, joining us at Carver Barracks, to part from us at St.
Helena Island; now reuniting to remain with us until it was
mustered out in the fall of 18G5. The Twenty-fourth Massachu-
setts we soon learned to respect as a brave, reliable, and effective
regiment, The Tenth Connecticut chance threw us info comra l(
ship with, now having it for our reserve, now supporting it, and
it is to the credit of both regiments that a feeling of confidence
sprang up in each regiment for the other, so that each fell: safer
when on the front line in knowing that the other was supporting
it, for then the exposed regiment well know that in its support it
had a bulwark to fall behind in case of need. The Tenth Con-
necticut never failed us. None of us engaged Lhat day will ever
forget the 18th of August, 1864, when, but for the prompt
of the Tenth in rushing forward from a position on reserve and
closing the gap between our right and the left of the T went;. -
fourth Massachusetts, made by the rapid retreat of a panic-stricken
regiment of our brigade, the robed wave, already at our al
would have poured through the gap, ami the career of the "Iron
Brigade " would have ended in a bloocly rout. And here on the
threshold of the bloodiest campaign of the war— in which cam-
paign this brigade lost two-thirds of itsnumber in killed, woui
and prisoners — we will quote the truest words that were ever
written of it. The} are from the l>>{ letter written by "The
Knightly Soldier/' the letter thai barely reached his home before
YORKTOWN A XT) GLOUCESTER POINT.
169
the telegraph brought the story of his heroic death : •' The three
ISevv" England regiments of our brigade are of as good men as ever
fought."
On the 27th of April the veterans returned to the regiment.
bringing one hundred and seventy-six recruits with them. These
recruits made excellent soldiers, throwing themselves into the
struggle with a fierce determination, apparently to measure up to
the standard of their friends the veterans, who in the weeks they
had been camping together on Arlington Heights, while awaiting
the coming North of the regiment, had not lost an opportunity to
win the admiration of the new men by telling them the story of
their own prowess on the Peninsula and at the. siege of Charleston.
And so successful were the scholars in emulating their teachers
that within a very few weeks the .word (< recruits" in our regi-
ment was only used as a descriptive one ; all "veterans," " sixty-
two moo/" and recruits speedily recognizing the feeling of
comradeship that binds brave men together when fighting shoulder
to shoulder under the folds of a common flag.
The concentration of troops at Yorktown and Gloucester
.Point was intended, as it did, to give the Confederate authorities
the idea; that a second movement by way of the Peninsula was to
be made, while really the plan of campaign was, briefly, that,
while General Grant and the Army of the Potomac should assail
Lee before Richmond, B a tier and the Army of the James should
invest Richmond on the south side, cut oil' its comnranication
with North Carolina, and force Lee to divide his army to defend
both his front and rear. In short, the two armies were to cooper-
ate, and if the one of the Potomac failed in its attempt to break
through Lee's lines of defense, and the! of the James secured a
lodgment on the James River, close to (lie city, then the two
would unite there, ana besiege Richmond, with the gunboat-
guarded river for a base of supplies.
The organization of the regiment at this rime was as fellows :
Harris M. Plaisted,
W in slow P. SpoiTord,
Henry 0. Pox.
Win. II. hi. Andrews
Nathan F. Blunt,
Field axd Statu.
Colonel.
Lieufeeent-Culonel.
Adjutant .
Quartermaster.
Surgeon,
170
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Richard L. Cook,
Woodman W. Royal,
James Wells,
Albert Maxfickl,
John Williams,
Ellery D. Perkins,
George B. Noyes,
Joseph Webb,
Abner Brooks,
.A ssistant Surgeon.
Assistant Surgeon.
Chaplain.
Sergeant-Major.
Quartermaster Sergeant.
Commissary Sergca nt.
Hospital Steward.
Fife Major.
Brum Major,
Company A.
Lewis H. Holt, First Lieutenant.
Charles E. Poor, Second Lieutenant,
Sergeants.
William H. IL Frye, First Sergeant ;
James R. Stone, Eiias P. Morton,
Robert Doyle, James Andrews.
Corporals.
George A. Bakeman, Sylvester Stone,
William G. Lee, Willard Barker,
Joseph L. Mitchell, John W. Tibbetts,
Charles L. Jordan.
Company B.
Charles P. Baldwin, Captain.
Corydou A. Alvord, Jr., First Lieatervani.
Frederick T. Mason, Scoood Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Lewis W. Campbell, First Sergeant ;
Charles A. Rolfe, John W. Hayward,
Samuel Cashing", Rafus M. Davis.
Corporals.
Philip II. Andrews, Nathan Ayerill,
JSTehemiah R. Maker, James L. Potter,
Joseph II. Crosby, Jerome B. Ireland,
William Rushton.
Alba \Y. Shoroy, Wagoner.
YORKTOWN AND GLOUCESTER I>OINT. 171
Company C.
Edgar A, Nickels, Captain.
Lemuel E. Newcomb, First Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
■
Charles W, Bridgham, First Sergeant ;
Edwin J. Miller, James Gross,
Allen M. Cole, Asa W. Googi ng.
(JorportiLS.
William Libby, Melville Cole,
Aclolphus L. Cole, John A. Hammond,
Edward Xoyes, Lovell L. Gardiner,
Charles A. Davis, James E. McGinnis.
Benjamin J. Smith, Wagoner.
Company D.
Albert G. Mndgett, Captain.
Charles Seiltner, First Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Abner F. Bassett, First Sergeant ;
Judson L. Young, Gardiner E. Blake,
Ephraim Francis, Hubert Brady, Jr.
Corporals.
Josiah F. Keene, James E. Bailey,
John Dyer, Horace Whit tier,
Shepard. Whittier, Stephen R. Bearce,
Amaziali Hunter.
William IT. Hardison, Wagoner.
Company E.
£ Francis W. Wiswell, Captain.
Stephen B. Foster, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Adoniram J. Fisher, First Sergeant ;
John X. Weymouth, Charles F. Wheeler,
George W. Chick, Pete? Bunker.
•
172 THE STORY OF ONE REGIME XT.
Corporal*.
Simon Batchelder, Jr., Elias H. Frost,
Solomon S. Cole, Ira Weymouth,
Franklin W. BoTve, Andrew R. Patten,
Lacassa-rd Lassell, Kenney 0. Lowell.
John B. Heed, Wagoner.
Company F.
Samuel G. Sewall, Captain.
Archibald Clark, First Lieutenant.
Scrocaids.
Charles II. Scott, First Sergeant ;
Grafton Norris, Daniel S. Smith,
James W. Bailey, Clarence C. Frost.
Corporals.
Rufus N. Burgess, George S. Buker,
James W. Little, Ambrose F. Walsh,
Joseph II. Estes.
Ira M. Rollins, Musician.
Wendell F. Joy, Wagoner.
Company G.
Francis W. Sabine, Captain.
Henry 0. Adams, First Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Thomas Clark, First Sergeant ;
George Payne, Henry B. Rogers,
Daniel Burgess, William Wiley.
Coiyorals.
Albert. Flye, Thomas T. Tabor,
Jo.siah L. Bennett, Horace S. Mills,
Thaddeus S. Wing, Horace A. Manley,
Amos W. Briggs, Thomas .). Holmes.
Ambrose P. Phillips, Wagoner.
yORKTOWX AND GLOUCESTER POINT. 178
Company EL.
Luther Lawrence, Captain.
Benjamin F. Dunbar, First Lieutenant.
James M. Thompson, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Nathan J. Gould, First Sergeant ;
Sethi A. Eamsdellj Joseph Harris,
Albert L. Eankin, William H. Girrell.
Corporals.
James Ellis, Augustus T. Thompson,
George E. Morrell, John S. Fogg,
John Lary, Jr., Charles Bodge,
Charles II. Cummings..
| John E. McKenney, Musician.
John E. Gould, Wag-oner.
I
Company I.
\ Simeon H. Merrill, Captain.
William Brannen, First Lieutenant.
George B. Weymouth, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Charles 0. Lamson, First Sergeant ;
Joseph S. Butler, Arthur V. Vandine,
David B. Snow, Charles AY. Trott.
I ■ ?
Corporals.
Weston Brannen, George Gove,
Marshal B. Stone, John A. Monk,
Albion W. Pendexter, Lewis M. Libby,
James W. Moody, Charles G. Warren.
CO AT PA NY K.
Jonathan A. Hill, Captain.
| Melville M. Folsom, First Lieutenant.
Charles U. Foster, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
George W. Small, hirst Sergeant ;
Henry II. Davis. John Howard,
Andrew II Frskme, Charles Knowles.
17-1 THE STORY OP ONE REGIMENT.
Corporals.
John J. Sill, Gyrus E. Bussey,
Josiah Furbish, Robert IT. Scott,
John P. Buzzell, Amos R. Pushaw,
Jotham S. Garnett, Augustus D. Locke.
Joseph. G. Kicker, Wagoner.
The preparations for the advance of tho Army of the James
were pushed rapidly forward. The unarmed men were equipped,
the large tents were exchanged for shelter tents, the officers sent
their extra baggage north, and the dress coats of the men were
; packed up to be stored at Norfolk.
On the 3d day of May orders were received to be ready to move
the next morning, with two days' cooked rations in the haversacks.
We broke camp at sunrise of May 4th, and by noon were em-
barked on the steamer Webster. We left for Fortress Monroe
about midnight. The regiment numbered, present for duty at
I this time, 630 officers and men.
On the morning of the 5th of May we moved into the James
River and steamed up it it) a fleet of transports and. gunboats,
We left detachments of colored troops at landing points along the
river, and arrived before City Point at five o'clock in the afternoon.
It was now just two years since we had started from before
Yorktown to follow the retreating Confederate army up the
Peninsula.
CHAPTER XIX.
OPERATIONS BEPOEE BERMUDA HUNDEED.
The Lauding at Bermuda Hundred — Clothing the Roadsides — Foraging —
Marching and Countermarching — The Affair at Chester Station —
An Expected Attack — The Advance on Drurv's Bluff — The Death of
Lieutenant Brarmen — Heavy Skirmishing — The Battle of Drury's
1 Bluff — The Retreat— The Eleventh the Last Regiment to Reenter the
Bermuda Hundred Works — List of Casualties.
Anchoring above the mouth of the Appomattox,, off Bermuda
Hundred, we lav there until towards morning:. Bermuda Hundred
is a peninsula made by a sweep of the James River to the east, ami
by its tributary, the Appomattox. It is situated at the mouth of
the latter river, on its north bank. City Point lying opposite it on
the south bank. Petersburg; is twelve miles up the Appomattox,
O LAX
on its south bank, and Richmond twenty mite-' north of Peters-
burg, directly connected by railroad and turnpike.
Towards morning we were roused from sleep, and our companies
prepared to land in small boats. Companies K and E were land 3d,
when the Eliza Hancax came alongside, with General Terry on
board, who hurried up the disembarkment. The eight remaining
companies went on board the -JZancoz, and about daylight were
landed at a wharf of barges. The regiment marched about half a
mile back from the landing, and, halting in a large, clear field, pr >-
ceeded to prepare breakfast. According to &ewcouib's diary,
meal consisted of a piece of pork roasted on a slick, coffee, and
hard bread. He was strongly reminded of Peninsula days. About
ten o'clock we fell in, and marched about eight miles, then halted
to make coffee.
The quantity of clothing thrown away by the men on this march
was enormous. They were loaded too heavily. Just think ; the
orders given out at Gloucester Point were thai, in addition to gun
and equipments, canteen, haversack, forty rounds of cartridges in
each box and twenty in each knapsack, there should be carried by
each man apiece of shelter tent, an overcoat, two pairs of drawers,
one pair of trousers, two pairs of shoes, one rubber blanket, one
170
THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
woolen blanket, one cap, one blouse, two shirts, three pairs of
stockings ; with one clothes brush, one shoe brush, and two boxes
of blacking to every four men. Now multiply the extra shoes,
drawers, shirts, and stockings, not forgetting the brushes and the
boxes of blacking, and not forgetting either that nearly every man
had brought from the Department of the South, where there was
little marching, at least two blankets — not to mention a thousand
little odds and ends — multiply all this by something like 15,000,
and you have but a faint idea of the appearance of the roadsides
on the line of march of our single corps. As the historian of the
Forty-eighth ISTcw York' says : "Fifty pounds on one's back gets
heavy after a few miles of marching, and whenever we halted for rest
the men would examine their knapsacks and throw away whatever
they could spare, until knapsacks that were full at the start were
well nigh empty." Really, there was enough thrown away that
day to well nigh clothe a second corps of the same size as the
Tenth.
After marching from point to point during the day, towards
night we halted in a piece of pine woods and made supper. About
dark we fell in again, and inarched forward about three-quarters
of a mile, then went on picket, part of the regiment standing post,
and part acting as a reserve. The only sound of the enemy we
heard during the day was towards sunset, when we heard cannon-
ading and musketry-firing far on our left, in the direction of the
Appomattox. During the night there was desultory picket-firing.
When the morning of the 7th of May broke, Newcomb found thai
the reserve was bivouacking in a beautiful grove of tall, si m I r
pines, interspersed with oaks and. other umbrageous trees. "It
is a treat to behold such scenery after passing seven months o'l
verdureless and treeless sand stretch of Morris Island,0 he wrote.
The foragers were out as soon as a halt was made, with the result
that our regimental larder was quickly stocked with plenty of
pigs, fowls, og^, and other eatable things. As the section of coun-
try we were now in had not been occupied b\ a hostile army, its
pens, coops, and storehouses were rich with pigs, poultry, and
bacon. And we held theadvance. Firsi come, 6rst served, is the
rule in foraging, as in everything else in this world. We helped
ourselves with^a thoroughness Lhat lefi litfck for those coming
after us. Strange were the dishes that resulted from these forays.
I particularly remember a "plum dull" our fellows made out of
OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 177
plundered flour and raisins. They boiled these, with a seasoning
of sugar, in a camp kettle, making a sort of hasty pudding. It
would have been better than it was had we not been ordered to
march away before it was thoroughly cooked ; but, such as it was, it
went with tolerable palatableness.
About nine o'clock in the forenoon of May 7th, Ave were relieved
by the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania. We marched back towards the
rear until we came to where frees were felled along the road, across
which was a rifle pit. Here we halted, and remained until about
half-past twro o'clock, when orders came for us to get into light
marching order. We piled our knapsacks and detailed a guard for
them, but did not march until after sundown. In the meantime
wre heard heavy cannonading and musketry-firing towards the
front. When we moved we went but a short distance, taking posi-
tion behind another rifle pit, where we remained for the night,
sleeping on our arms.
On. the morning of the 8th of May, seven companies of the
regiment went on fatigue duty, felling trees. Xewcomb noted
that we seemed to be already preparing a line of extensive forti-
fications, and shrewdly' remarks that "things do not seem to be
in a wry prosperous condition when two corps, numbering 40,000
men, are obliged to act on the defensive so early in the cam-
paign." The intrench ments now begun finally extended all the
way across the neck of the Bermuda, Hundred peninsula, from
river to river, a distance of three miles. Beyond those works, com-
posed of heavy pan; pots connecting formidable batteries, all behind
strong abatis, the outposts occupied a lightly intrenched line.
In the afternoon of the 8th a camp was laid out in the rear of
the works by the companies with the colors, and, the fatigue com-
panies coming in, tents were pitched. This camp ground was
occupied by us while we remained at .Bermuda Hundred.
We were turned out at three o'clock in the morning of the 9th
of May, and received light marching orders. We left camp at
daybreak, and, marching outside the works, halted and stacked
arms. xVbout seven o' clock we fell in again, and marched four
miles towards the from, when we reached the railroad, and re-
ported to Colonel Howell, of the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania, to
whose brigade, we were attached for the day. We marched with
this command towards Chester Station. Arriving at the station,
we found other troons already there, and a company of engineers
J. w
12
178 ..THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
engaged in taking 1 1 ] > the mils, burning the ties, and destroying
the telegraph. After marching hither and yon, we recrossed the
turnpike and marched back towards our iiitrenchments, reaching
the picket lines at Warebottom Church about four o'clock in the
afternoon. Here we halted and rested for a while, finding springs
of excellent water in the ravine by the church — a ravine that
extends from this point to the James River, deepening and widen-
ing as it flows. Part of the return march had been made at a
greater pace than the great heat of the day (Maxfielcfs diary notes
it as 110° in the shade) warranted, with the consequence that
many men were overcome by heat and exhaustion, and that all of
us were thoroughly tired out. At sundown we moved to the left
of the church, and went into bivouac as a picket reserve, sleeping
on our arms. There was an alarm in the night, and the men fell
into line without orders ; but nothing came of it, although there
was some firing on our left.
Soon after daylight of May 10th, heavy firing began on our
right, increasing in intensity until batteries to the rear and right
opened : then the [musketry died away. By one o'clock in the
afternoon all was still again. During (his affair the four left com-
panies were ordered to the extreme front, but soon returned to
the colors. At sundown we returned to cam}), and slept until
three o'clock in the morning, when we were turned out to stand
in line until daylight.
About noon of May 11th we went on picket at Warebottom
Church, and along the ravine. The rebel cavalry hung on oni
flank and front all day, occasioning some skirmishing. It rained
in the afternoon, and all night. There was considerable picket
firing during the night. The rebels were so near our picket lino
that they could be heard shouting and talking. The orders.
"Halt!" "Front!'- were clearly heard, and so often as to give
us the idea that they were massing near us. We expected an
attack at daybreak surely, and were all on the alert long before
that, but 'reveille sounded in the camps without any movement
having been made against us.
About ^Qxcn o'clock in the morning of May 12th troops of the
Eighteenth Corps— infantry, artillery, and cavalry— began to pass
from the left across our front. We held our position during the
day. There were several heavy showers. We were relieved at
dark in the midst of a heavy downpour by the Sixty-seventh
OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 179
Ohio, and, returning to camp, turned in, wet as we were, to sleep
as we could.
The first stage of our movement against Bichmond was now
completed, with Petersburg yet untaken. Indeed, Are had not yet
made anything like an attempt to capture it. The second sta^re
was about to begin — the attempt on the works extending from
Drury's Bluff. On the 9th of May Generals Gillrnore and Smith
proposed to General Butler that a ponton, bridge be thrown
across the Appomattox at night, and Petersburg be taken by
assault in the early morning. But General Butler was anxious to
move directly on Richmond, apparently not doubting his ability
to capture the great prize. Arranging to leave General Ames at
Port Walthall Junction to keep the Confederates in Petersburg
from sallying out and falling on his rear, he began a forward
movement on the 12th of May.
Smith's corps moved out and crossed the front of our picket
line to take position on the right, Gillrnore 's corps holding the
left. The movement, virtually unopposed by the enemy, was com-
pleted at night, the right of Smith's corps resting on the James
and under cover of the gunboats, while the left of Gillmore's
rested on Proctor's Creel-:, and was covered by Kautz's cavalry
force. As soon as the advance should be made, Kautz was to cut
loose from the infantry and raid the Confederate southern com-
munications, to prevent reinforcements reaching Beauregard (who
commanded in our front) before he should be crushed, as it was
confidently expected he could be.
When wt; landed at Bermuda Hundred the morning of the 6th
of May, the Confederate forces available to oppose us consisted of
hut one infantry regiment, with some artillery, stationed in
Petersburg, and a pari of Clingmairs brigade that was stationed
on the Blackwater to oppose any raid that might be made from
Norfolk or Suffolk. These troops were under command of Gen-
eral Pickett, whose headquarters were in Petersburg. On hearing
from his scouts that Butlers transports were moving up the
James River, Pickett immediately telegraphed General Beaure-
gard, and hastily drew all his outlying force into Petersburg,
leaving Kautz's cavalry advance by way of the Blackwater unop-
posed. This cavalry officer made a circuit and cut the Confeder-
ate communications so far as he could, and rejoined the army at
City Point.
180 -THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Some time before we feuded at B^mufta Hundred, General
Beauregard had been transferred from South Carolina, and given
command of the Department of North Carolina and Virginia,
comprising the Stale of North Carolina and that part of Virginia
that lies south of the James and the Appomattox. At the time
of our landing he was at Weldon, N. C, where he was observing,
rather than directing, a Confederate movement against Newborn,
under General Hoke. lie says that he had no faith in this
movement, which was a War Department one, nor did he believe
that the Union troops concentrating at Yorktown and Gloucester
Point were to be moved up the peninsula, lie having the possi-
bilities of a movement by way of the James in his mind. Receiv-
ing Pickett's telegram, he hastened to Petersburg, after sending
telegrams in all directions to concentrate bis scattered forces at
that point. Fortunately for the Confederates, Hagood's South
Carolina brigade had been ordered to ^Richmond, and was en
route, and port of it was halted, at Petersburg in time to aid
Pickett in opposing our movement of the 6th of May on Port
Walthall Junction. The tiring we heard on our left toward sun-
set of that day, cannonading and musketry, was the sound of this
little engagement. The other regiments of Plaisted's brigade
were engaged in the affair, the Hundredth New York losing sev-
eral men killed and wounded. And on the 7th of May it was
Hagood's brigade that held the ground against our troops. By
another day re enforcements were pouring into Petersburg from
North Carolina, others following from even so far south as
Florida. But the Confederate force was not strong enough yet
to prevent our moving out on the 0th and destroying the railroad
from Swift Creek to Chester Station, a distance of aboul sis
miles. It was in this movement that we were attached to How-
ell's brigade.
On the 10th the Confederate General Ransom, commanding
their advance line before Diary's Bluff, moved down to support
Beauregard with two brigades, but, meeting our troops, was
repulsed after a sharp engagement. This occasioned the firing
we heard daring the forenoon of the 10th. The 11th of May
there was little aggressive work on either side, our forces making
ready for the advance, and Beauregard, anticipating it, moving
his forces into the Drury's Bluff intrenchments, leaving General
Whiting with a force at Petersburg. On the 12th, as we have seen,
^jK^^HMltafett^lwibeU^^Z^^V-, a^-^^^^^^^s^^^-^^.^^- — "J:>i5s.,- -.-La* *=, ^ "-j« a-^.- s-.-w -".<*- .-., - -^^^,^-^.L^^. ~ ,^,,;^c^: ;..,., ,,.,.,,
OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 181
if
our army moved out and took an unopposed position before the
Confederate line of defenses.
At about nine o'clock in the morning of the 13th of May our
• regiment fell in, and marched to the front in company with the
Sixth Connecticut. We marched by a road near the James thai
finally brought us to the turnpike. Here we halted, and Gen-
eral Butter and stall passed us. Butler gave orders for our regi-
ment to move up the pike to the front, and report to General
Burnham. When we reached the front we found the skirmishers
engaged, and we were soon under fire. Reporting to General
Burnham, he ordered us to take position in a piece of wood. We
did so, and remained there for the day, all the time under a heavy
fire. "During the day the rebels charged to our left, driving \]w
skirmishers in, but were easily repulsed. They did not attack
our immediate front. Companies K and I, with volunteers from
other companies, went out as skirmishers. Lieutenant Brannen,
of Company I, was soon mortally wounded. T\cv,eomb reports of
Brannen that " he was pushing his line forward, and had
reached a clearing in which there was a house that was occupied
I by the rebels. In urging his men against this position he exposed
himself and was shot down, dying a few hours later. Private
Charles P. Milton, of Company B, a volunteer skirmisher, was
killed at the same lime that Brannen fell." Lieutenant William
Brannen was a brave and enterprising officer, and his loss wa.s a
serious one to his company and regiment. Sharp fighting was
kept uj) all day.
We lay on our arms all night in our position with Burnham's
brigade. luavy tiring continued on the picket linos. About-
midnight this picket fighting grew to such dimensions thai the
regiments were roused in anticipation of an attack.
The official record of this day, the 13fch, is that Smith evoked
Proctor's Creek and advanced along the pike to within eighi hun-
dred yards of the enemy's lines of intrenchments, which were
here in the open ground, and held by infantry and artillery. So
strong was the line that Smith reported to General Butler that if
held, in force it could not be carried by assault. General Gill-
more in the meantime had, as directed In General Butler, marched
to the left, to turn the right of the intrenchments on the head of
Proctor's Creek. The enemy was in force there, their right on
Wooldridge Hill, a commanding position half a mile beyond the
- _
182 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
railroad. Terry attacked unsuccessfully, and while preparing for
a second attack the enemy abandoned their line, pushing down
towards Drury's Bluff. G-illmore pressed them until dark and
took a mile of their works.
In the early morning of the 14th of May (he pickets were called
in, and about eight o'clock our regiment moved a mile or so to
the left; passing through the lines of rebel works they had aban-
doned the day before. We were shelled by a rebel battery during
this march. We finally halted in the edge of a strip of woods,
and found ourselves attached to Barton's brigade of Turner's divi-
sion for the clay. It rained quite hard in the forenoon, and the
regiment lay inactive in such shelter as it could find. There was
heavy musketry-firing on the skirmish line,, which was nearly a.-
strong as a line of battle. In the afternoon Company B went on
the skirmish line. Lieutenant Newcomb, of 0, went with it
by request of Lieutenant-Colonel Spofford. He found that most
of the firing came from troops on the right of B, and says that
they seemed to load and fire as fast as possible, without stopping
to take aim. Captain Baldwin ordered the men of B to reserve
their fire until they could see something to aim at. The rebels
soon began to shell the woods our skirmishers were engaged ;'
and finally made a weak charge on the line to the left of B, which
was met and repulsed by the Third Xew York with a counter
charge that gained several rods of ground, and enabled the skir-
mish line to move forward. Late in the afternoon B was relieved
by K. Soon after B had returned to the regiment, Companies C,
E, F, and. It were ordered to the skirmish line. After a desultory
skirmish light which lasted until nine o'clock in the evening, the
skirmishing companies returned to the regiment, and it went
into bivouac for the night. We now held about two and one half
miles of the enemy's outer line of works.
Early on the morning of tin: loth of May the regiment marched
to the left, and halted in a field, and near General Terry's head-
quarters. We had now returned to our brigade. An assault of
the enemy's intrenehments had been ordered for the morning, but
was abandoned for the want of disposable troops to form a column
of attack. There were showers during the day. There was skir-
mishing along the front of the lines, with now and then a heavy
artillery lire. We lay in the field until dud;, when we fell in and
marched a mile to the left, crossing the railroad. We took posi-
OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 183
tion on a hill, where were abandoned rebel rifle pits around a
1 bouse. The regiment stacked arms in the rear of these pits, and
during the night the companies relieved each other in digging
rifle pits on the crest of the hill. The idea we had gained was
that we were on the extreme left, were covering the railroad,
and that we were probably to be attacked in the early morning.
We determined that the enemy should find us occupying a strong
and well-fortified position. Little picket firing was heard during
the night.
The Confederate authorities in Richmond were so thoroughly
frightened by Butler's proximity to the city that they gave Gen-
eral Beauregard all possible assistance in mustering an army to
its defense. All the troops, that could be scared from X<uth and
South Carolina had been rushed through by rail, and. were now
under his command. The result was that, while we had been
slowly moving out from our landing place, Beauregard had
gathered. 17.000 men into the Drury's Bluff intrenchmeuts, leav-
ing at Petersburg, for its defense, 6,000 men, cavalry and infan-
try. Butler's force before the Drury's Bluff lines consisted of
about the same number, 17,000 men, and he had left 3,000 men
in the Bermuda Hundred intrenehments, 5,000 at Port Walthall
with Ames, and 5.000 at City Point with Hinks, while the cavalry
under Kautz had now been let loose from the left- and was raiding
through the Confederate communications to the south of us.
If was understood, in Butler's army tout a determined advance
was to be made on the morning of the 16th of May. But Beau-
regard did not propose to keep on the defensive, and had made
his plans to attack Butler on that very morning. At an early
hour he launched Ransom's -division against the weakest part of
Butler's line, that held by Heck man's brigade near the extreme
right. His plan was to secure such a position on our right flank,
and in our rear, as would cut us oft' from Bermuda Hundred,
while General Minting should move our from Petersburg with
5,000 men, and fall on our connections. The attack on Heck-
man WTas eminently successful, a heavy fog, though embarrass
to the Confederate movement, hiding it from Hcckman until they
were facing his front, This surprise took piaee a little after live
o'clock in the morning. The result of it was the capture of Gen-
eral Heckman, of his position, of several hundred of his men, and.
live stands of colors.
184
-THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
S
It was half-past six o'clock before General Hoke, who had been
ordered by Beauregard to have bis brigades assault our front lines
at the same time Ransom's fell on Heekman, began his attacks on
Smith's and Gillmore's fronts. He had been delayed by the fog
in deploying his troops. He attacked Gillmore twice in quick
succession, but was easily repulsed. A few minutes before the
first attack was made, General Gillmore was notified by General
Butler of the attack on Smith, and, as a countercharge, was
ordered to carry the enemy's line in his front, Notifying Gen-
eral Butler of Hoke's attacks on his front, and that his judgment
was against trying to carry the enemy's intrench ments, General
Gillmore was authorized to use his discretion in the matter. He
contented himself with holding his ground for- the timc; and
finding that General Smith needed support, he sent him what
troops ho could spare — four regiments, of which the Eleventh
was one.
After Hansom's column had crushed Heckman's brigade, the
Confederate commander halted his line to readjust it somewhat
before moving on. "While he was doing this, attacks were made
on Smith's front by Hoke, as on Gillmore 's, and, so threatening
did the situation seem to Smith that he ordered all his advanced
artillery, now nearly useless by reason of the fog. to be withdraw n.
All the gens were successfully taken to the rear, with the excep-
tion of '-'three twenty-pound Parrott guns and two fine Xapo-
leons./" These fell into the enemy's hands, as the scrgeanr who
was carrying the order lor their withdrawal was killed before
reaching their position.
General Smith, learning of the movement Ransom was develop-
ing in the obscurity {of the fog, saw that it was calculated to
threaten Butler's and his own poorly guarded artillery and ammu-
nition trains, and the Bermuda Hundred intrenchments, which
he knew were feebly defended. Ho immediately ordered a retreat
of his whole line. While falling back the fog lifted, and enabled
him to observe his r\o;ht, when he ordered the line forward again ;
but the changes that had already taken place obliged him to
recall his last order and move by his right flank to cover the roads
leading to the rear. Thereafter all Smith's efforts were confined
to preventing the enemy from getting into his rear, he falling
back to cover his trains and the Bermuda Hundred intrenchments.
General Gillmore having shaken off his assailants, and finding
i OPERATIONS BEFOEE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 185
that Smith's troops were moving to the rightand being informed
by General Butler that the enemy was attempting to turn Smitlr's
right, and that Smith's movement was to resist the attack, moved
his troops along the in trench men ts in the same direction, and
ordered Terry's and Turner's divisions to attack the force that
was pressing Smith back. These divisions were in motion to
carry out the order, when General Gillmore was instructed to send
all possible reinforcements to the right, as Brooks and Yfeitzel
were falling back. And at ten o'clock he was ordered by General
Butler to fall back with his troops, to move to the right and
get in the rear of Smith's corps, now near the Half-way House,
unCi clear the way back to the Bermuda Hundred intrench-
mcnts.
The movements of the Army of the dames after (Iris were those
of a slow retreat, the Confederates failing to follow up their suc-
cess vigorously, partly owing to the disorganization of their forces
and partly to an expectation of hearing Whiting's guns open on
our rear. This officer failing to carry out his part of the plan of
attack, no further concerted movement was made by the Confed-
erates, and our divisions moved leisurely to the Bermuda Hundred
intrenehments. easily beating off the desultory attacks of Confed-
erate regiments and brigades.
Our share in this day's work was one of legs, When day broke,
the world around us was all enveloped in fog ; but it hung low, a
fine sky showing overhead. Shortly after daybreak firing was
heard on the right. It increased to a rapid file-firing, and then
the roar of a heavv assault was heard. We were now ordered to
abandon our position and hurry back to the one we held neat-
Genera] Terry's headquarters the day before. We had hardy
reached it, when General Terry was seen running towards us, bare-
headed and greatly excited. He called cut, in a loud and unsteady
voice, "'What regiment is that?" Being answered, he cried,
ic Go over to the turnpike, for Heaven's sake." Wc started along
at a rate of speed only a little less than double quick. The firing
was now very heavv, and the strasfslers and wounded were moving
and being moved to the rear. The regiments along the line of
which wo were hurrying were pouring in volleys. A rebel battery
opened on our hying column, Regardless of its heavj lire, we
reached a Meld near General Butler's headquarters, w\^\ reported
to General Brooks, who placed us in position behind, a gap in the
186
THE STORY OF OXE BEGIMEXT.
/
line. We lay down behind a swell of ground, and waited the
enemy's onset. Bat, as we know, he did not follow up his success.
Before us, the remnants of Heckmairs brigade were sullenly hold-
ing the position they had fallen back to. On our left front a
regiment (Ninth New Jersey) of about three hundred men were
retreating from the woods, but in good order and without haste,
turning from time to time to deliberately pour a fire into the pur-
suing rebels. On our left a regiment lay behind a fence in the
edge of the woods. It suddenly moved back as if retreating,
when the rebels rushed forward with a yelk whereupon the ap-
parently retreating line turned and hurried back to the edge of
the woods, and bred a heavy volley into the very faces of the
charging enemy. As the last regiments of the retreating Union
line came out of the woods, and began to fall into position along
the line we were occupying, a battery in our immediate rear
opened a furious fire into the woods before us, and the advancing
rebels retreated to cover.
Our regiment was now ordered to move down the turnpike
towards Petersburg, to reenforce the small force guarding our rear.
We hastened down the turnpike, and, reaching our rear line, re-
ported to Genera] Ames, who placed us in position. But we were
moved from one position to another until about four o'clock, when,
we lay in the woods along a, creek, just beyond which was Whit-
ing's advance. There was some smart firing on our left, but no
advance was made along our from. We could hear the rebels
shout and yell along it, but they did not advance, fortunately ; for,
with our weak line, long front, and lack of support, we could not
have held our ground against a determined assault. .At dark our
regiment was ordered to draw in the skirmish lino and retreat to
Bermuda Hundred, as the whole army was now safely bestowed
behind the fortification's, Moving through the woods in a bright
moonlight, weaving in and out of ravines, we finally reached the
fortifications at about ten o'clock. AVe were informed the next
clay that twenty minutes after we had moved oil the ground we
had held during the latter part of the afternoon two strong bod-
ies of rebel cavalry bad joined forces on it, one coming from the
left and one from the right. Ours was (lea last regiment inside
the works, and tired enough were we when we reached our camp
ground, having been on duty siuce Wednesday morning, and this
was Monday ni^ht.
OPERATIONS BEFORE BERMUDA HUNDRED. 187
List or Casualties.
May 13th.
Company A. — Wounded, Private Phineas Witham.
Company B. — Killed^ Private Charles P. .Milton.
Company L\ — Wounded, Corporal Simon Batchelder, Jr.
Company I. — Killed, First Lieutenant William Brannen.
Wounded/ Private Justus B. Huh*.
Company K. — Wounded, Corporal Augustus D. Locke ; Pri-
vate William PI. Con-ant,
• May Uth.
Company C. — Wounded, Corporal William Lib)>y.
Company D. — Wounded, Private Jotham S. Annis.
Company E. — Wounded. Privates Morey Mulliken, Charles A.
Manseli, Henry B. Stanhope, Charles E. Mason.
Company F. — Killed, Private George A. Goody. Wounded,
Private George W. Haskell.
Company JJ. — Wounded. First Sergeant Nathan J. Gould.
Company /. — Wounded, First Sergeant Charles 0. Lamson ;
Privates, William H. Dunham, George \V. Kinne, Isaac H.
Peters. John Wilson.
: May loth.
: Company C — Wounded, Private iSfathaniel G-. Hooper.
May 16///.
Company E. — Wounded. Private George 11. Downs.
Company .A. — Wounded, Private Franklin A. Quinn.
Killed. 3 ; wounded, 21 — total, 2L
Our regiment had not served with (lie brigade since landing, or
perhaps it would have been more heavily tried, tin; other regi-
ments of our brigade participating more directly than did ours in
the battle of Diary's Bluff . Ours had been used as a sori of
flying reenforcement ; now strengthening Howell's brigade, now
Burnhanfs, now Barton's, then hurrying to the support of the
broken line of Brooks's division, and in a few hours were report-
ing \o General Ames to strengthen his critical position before
Whiting's troops. But if we had not yet had an opportunity to
188
THE STOItY OF ONE REGIMENT.
X
prove our valor, we bad shown a capacity for zealous marching
that argued well for the future, and whenever we had come under
fire our men, old and new, had shown no sign of flinching. Al-
together, we had served oar various commanders well, so well
that all of them thereafter had only warm words for the Eleventh
Maine.
/ '
CHAPTER XX.
IN BERMUDA HlTNDltED.
The Eleventh Makes a Night Attack— List of Casualties- -Heavy Fighting
all along the Line — The Men as Axemen — " Bottled Up " — A Hearty
I Laugh — Reinforcements for the Army of the Potomac — Beauregard's
1 Keconnoissance in Force — The Stories of Our Companies — List of
Casualties — Death of Colonel Spofford.
The 17th of May was passed by the men in camp and in
attending to their needs. Soon after taps we heard a column of
cavalry moving to the front. About midnight, we were routed
out. Falling quickly into line^ we marched out to the picket
line, and halted just beyond Warebotfcom Church. It seems that
the pickets had reported a movement down the pi&e, the sound of
tramping horses and the rattling of heavy wagons coming to their
ears. It was conjectured that a wagon train was moving down
the pike from Richmond to Petersburg, and it was determined to
try and capture it. Cavalry had advanced along the wood roads
for that purpose,, but as they could not effect anything against
the Confederate infantry that covered the road?, infantry had
been sent for.
Six companies of the Eleventh deployed as skirmishers, the
remainder of the regiment remaining on tc>qv\c, with the Tenth
Connecticut. The skirmishers moved into a dense wood growth,
lighted by a brilliant moon. The line had gone son:" distance —
part of it was in a held, and part in the woods — when suddenly a
rolling volley of musketry came crashing info it. Our men threw
themselves on the ground, or behind trees, and opened an answ< r-
ing fire. For an hour a fierce fire was exchanged by the opposing
lines and at close range, the dark woods echoing to the crack of
rifles, and the yells of combatants whose positions could only be
conjectured by the lighting up of the wood arches by intermittent
rifle flashes. And two pieces of artillery stationed in oar rear
added to the uproar by throwing shells over our heads io burst
along the front of the rebel line. After a time, tin* ammunition
of the men becoming exhausted end it becoming very clear that
190
TUE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT,
X
the force guard i ng the turnpike was strong enough to withstand
our onset, orders came for us to retire, which we did. It was
breaking* day when we marched into camp again. This affair is
known as The Attack on .Beauregard's Wagon Train.
List of Casualties, May 17th.
Company B. — Wounded, First Sergeant Lewis W. Campbell ;
Corporal Joseph H. Crosby ; Privates Henry S. Bryant, Daniel
S. Brown, William Davis, Emanuel S. Eeogodo.
Company D. — Wounded, Privates George L. Butler, Alonzo
Carver.
Company E.- Killed, Private Waiter A. Crowell. Wounded,
Privates William Clark, William H. Kurd, David K. Lowell.
Company F. — Wounded, First Lieutenant Archibald Clark.
Company JI. — - Wounded, Sergeant Seth A. Ramsdell ; Privates
Ellis A. Briggs, James E. Dumphey, Llewellyn J. Livermore.
Company I. — Wounded, Sergeant David B. Snow ; Corporal
Marshal B. Stone : Privates Thomas Kelley, George W. Young.
Company K, — Killed, Private William C. Drake. Wounded,
First Lieutenant Charles H. Foster ; Privates George W. Bussey,
David T. Smith, Walter G. Smith.
Killed, 2 ; wounded, 24— total, 26.
On the 16th of May there was heavy packet -firing from daylight
until night. Oar regiment was kept at the inner breastworks
the men passing i\\o day m adding to and in strengthening the
abatis. At night three companies remained ai the breastworks,
the others retiring to the camp. The regiment lay at the breast-
works all the 10th. The enemy shelled our line, in the maraing,
and there was heavy picket-fighting all day long. We remained
at the works all night, sleeping on our arms. At half-past
eleven o'clock, and at three o'clock, there was heavy firing along
the front line, but it did not last long either time.
The 20th of May was an exciting day. We were not engaged,
but lay at the works all day. There was heavy shelling, the shells
falling along our front and in our rear. The charging yells of
the rebels could be heard along our advance posts. At times these
posts were driven back, when reenfor cements would be sent out,
and then our men would charge and retake the works. The
rebels lost heavilv, having to expose themselves recklessly in
X
IN BERMUDA JIUXUKED. 191
making their charges. Among the prisoners was Genera] Walker,
of South Carolina, who was wounded. He was. a rashly bravo
man. A lieutenant of the Sixty-seventh Ohio, into whoso hands
he fell, told Xewcomb that as many as two hundred bullets were
fired at General Walker in one volley as he rode away in defiance
of a summons to surrender. His horse fell dead, the general was
wounded in the foot and hand, and was brought inside our lines
by our men. Just before sundown our regiment was ordered to
the front line. TVre moved out and took position in the pits
around WareboltOm Church, the point where the severest light-
ing of the day had taken place. We relieved the Sixty-seventh
Ohio. The moon was large, and the night a beautiful one. The
rebel outposts were but a few yards in advance of ours. There
was no firing. We could hear the movements of their main line
plainly, and about twelve o'clock could hear artillery moving to
the left. In the early morning, strains of music from a rebel band
were plainly heard. An attack was expected in the early morn-
ing, but there was none. Shortly after daybreak a train of cars
stopped opposite our position. There was much yelling. Aboui
nine o'clock a body of rebels moved through the woods, in which
we fought the night of the 17th, and opened fire on us. We
responded vigorously, and after a short fight the enemy drew oil.
The rebels had intrenched during the night. They had a breast-
work thrown up across the. road about five h unci red yards from
us. They were still working at it. Our orders were not to \\r.:
unless we received orders, or to beat of! an attack. So we looked
idly on, until they began to cut embrasures for gun.-, when a
report was made to the regiment;!] commander, who hastened to
send the news to headquarters. But Captain Lawrence, who
commanded the outposts, could not wait for the circumlocution
office to get in its work, so ordered a fire to be opened on the
Confederate workmen, who promptly took to cover. Seven or
eight dead rebels lay in front o> our line ail day. Just after sun-
down we were relieved by the Seventh Connecticut and returned
to camp.
About eleven o'clock at night we were startled out of our beds
by a loud crash of musketry, followed by heavy artillery-firing.
We fell in and marched to the works, where we lay ail night.
under a heavy tire. A rebel caisson blew up during the artillery
duel, nmking a magnificent if bnl momentary spectacle.
192 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT.
.After breakfast on the 2M of May, 300 men were ordered from
our regiment on fatigue duly. It was to fell trees in and along
the ravine running from Warebotton Church to the river, to
allow the gunboats to shell the woods on our left front. New-
comb wrote of this : "It seems a sacrilege almost to convert such
/ a beautiful scene of magnificent oaks and stately elms into a
stretch of dead trees."" The monitors lay near our chopping
party, occasionally sending a shell up the river.
Only picket skirmishing took place for some days. The regi-
ment when not cm picket was engaged on fatigue duty in the
slashing and in strengthening the line of works.
Despite the disheartening knowledge which we now had, that
we were no longer an army of aggression, and that to make sure
that we should not make another forward movement, Beauregard
was fencing us in with a line of strong works that extended from
the James, at the Howlett House Battery, to the Appomattox, we
could gei up a hearty laugh on occasion ; as on the 25th of May,
when, at about two o'clock in the afternoon, the regiment was
called in from tree-felling and drawn up in line to listen to the
reading of a despatch to General Butler from the War Depart-
ment that told us that Lee had fallen back from the North Anna,
Three rousing cheers were given at this, and at the last one a
mule hitched near us joined in with such energy as to set the
regiment into a roar of laughter.
During the last days of May and the first days of June, the
diaries of the regiment roc-id daily that heavy firing could be
heard across the James, in the direction of Richmond, Grant was
slowly feeling his way along Lee's lines, moving steadily towards
the James. *
As soon as General Grant learned of the futHe result of Butler's
movement, from which he had hoped so much — the destruction
of Confederate communication with North Carolina, the invest-
ment of Richmond, and the consequent withdrawal of a large body
of Lee's army from his own front— he directed that all the troops
not actually needed to hold Bermuda Hundred and City Point be
sent to him under command of General Smith. Inconsequence
of this order,. 10,000 of the Armj of the James, with sixteen guns,
embarked on. the night of the 28th, and on the 2911: sailed for
White House Lauding, the head of navigation on the Pamunkey.
General Smith took with lorn Brooks's division of his own corps,
/
EST BERMUDA HUNDRED. 19<
mi n<
\ I G ]> C
A H
and the Second and Third Divisions of the Tenth Corps—the di\i-
sions commanded by Generals Devens and Ames. General Butler
retained about 10,000 infantry, Kautz's cavalry force of 1,600
men, and Hinks's colored cavalry brigade — about; 2,000 strong.
At the same time, General Lee ordered Beauregard to send him
all the men he could spare, which he did, retaining about 12,000
infantry and cavalry. There seems to have been a desire on the part
of General Lee that still more of Beauregard's force should be sent,
even that Beauregard himself should report with alibis available
troops, and take command of the right wins,' of the Confederate
army, leaving Petersburg, with a small force, to take care of it-
self. Bttt Beauregard was tenacious in bis determination to hold
his position on the south side of the James. He argued that
Butler's force was still large enough to endanger Petersburg, even
against the small force lie had retained there, and it was to test
this theory that he made the rcconnoissance in force on the 2d of
June that cost, our regiment so many good men.
As the companies that were engaged that morning fought inde-
pendently, it is thought best to give the reports of the companies
as they can be gathered from surviving officers that- took part in
the engagement.
The regiment went on picket the evening of the 1st of June.
The companies were posted from left to right in the following
order: I, G, P>, O, with I) at Warebottom Church, which stood
at the head of the ravine that rum; to the river. P, E, and K
were posted along this ravine, along the other side oi which wj 8
the line of intrenchments that covered the Howlett House Battery.
Company A was posted about two hundred yards in rear of the
,.two left companies, and II at about the same distance in rear oJ
the church, as reserves, for the line. The diagram below may
help fix the positions of the companies in the reader's
r
X
194 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Company I was commanded by Captain Simeon "II. Merrill. He
writes the historical committee as follows : " On the morning of
June 3, 1864, I was on the left of the picket line, in command of
that part covering- our brigade or division front. My man Friday,
known as ' Washington/ had brought my breakfast, which con-
sisted of boiled ham, sauce made from dried apples, hard tack, and
coffee, M.y rubber blanket was spread on the edge of a rifle pit,
and, with. )eg^ dangling in the same, I was enjoying my rations
immensely. While in this happy state of mind a brisk firing
opened on our left. Soon after, shots came from our front, and
we observed the enemy advancing — that breakfast remained un-
finished. We immediately did our best to repel the advance, but
by superior force were driven back nearly through the woods to
the line occupied by our reformed regiment, where Ave established
a new picket line.
iC In this skirmish an incident occurred worth relating. Corporal
Thompson, of Company A, was shot through the leg, near the
hip, and fainted from loss of blood. The enemy advanced, passed
him, took his gun and ammunition, placed something under his
head, and gave him a drink of water from a canteen. When they
were repulsed ami driven back, Corporal Thompson could be seen
midway between our line and that of the enemy. We advanced
until he was readied, and then, with a soldier, I carried him t<
the rear. My coat sleeves were saturated with his blood. lie re-
covered, and my certificate to the fact was on his application bo-
pension. His life was no doubt saved by our timely advance/'
Captain F. W. Sabine was in command of G. From the report
of Captain Chirk, at the time First Sergeant of this company,
it seems clear that G- cast its fortunes in with Company I, and
served in the engagement under the command of Captain Merrill.
His report for I will serve for G also. Incidentally, Captain Clark
writes that he was at the side of Colonel Spofford when he was
shot that morning, and he remembers that he had just warned the
Colonel to keep better covered than he seemed disposed to do,
when the fatal bullet struck him.
It is clear, from all the reports and from personal recollection,
that the line of our regiment could not have been broken that
morning had the regiments on our left not given way. Then the
rebels poured over the works they abandoned, and, bearing sharply
to the right, began to make their way to the rear of our left, occa-
X
IX BERMUDA HUNDRED. 195
sioning the withdrawal of Companies 1 and G, and of the other
companies, as the rebel line swept towards the right. The disaster
might have been irredeemable had it not been for the prompt
action of Company A, a reserve company, whose commander.
Captain Eolsom, deployed his men at almost right angles to the
picket line and checked the rebel advance for a considerable time,
thus affording the retiring companies time to pass to the rear
under cover of his proteeting line.
A letter written to Captain Folsom's father by Captain Sollmer,
then on the brigade staff, tells the story of the gallantry of Com-
pany A, Omitting the purely personal parts, it reads as follows :
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 6, 1864.
The Eleven Hi was ordered, on the evening of the 1st, to relieve
the Tenth Connecticut on the right flank of our advance. Corn-
puny A, commanded by Captain Folsom, was assigned as the left
reserve pickets of our regimental line, and was posted about two
hundred yards in the rear of our extreme left. About six o'clock
in the morning of the 2d instant the enemy commenced firing
along our whole line, and shortly after began to assault everywhere
from right to left. The troops to the loft of our regiment gave
way, forcing the left companies of the Eleventh to give way also,
endangering the center end right of our line to be taken in flank
and rear. The center of our line fought most gallantly ((he right
was not engaged by the rebels), but in vain ; finding the left ex-
posed, the rebels marched in a solid line of battle and by the right
rlank, endeavoring to get into their rear and take then all prison-
el's. But seeing and at Once apprehending this move. Melvill i
gallantly deployed his company in such a masterly way as to secure
our regiment's flank and rear, giving i\)<: center and flank time
to withdraw. He held his position most obstinately, in the h
of four times his number, refusing to give way at any hazard until
his comrades at tin. center and i iglrt v. ere out of immediate dang( r.
Then he connected his right with the left center, and thereby
saved many a good soldier from captivity. Melville behaved most
gallantly, and. he has the well-earned approbation of all officers
and men of the regiment. 1 take special pleasure in giving yon
this little account, for I know too well tin:! his modesty would not
adm.it to tell you all himself; f^r he certainly can call himself the
bravest of the brave on that day.
Lieutenant Philip II. Andrews, then a sergeant of Company B,
writes that Captain Baldwin was in command of Company B that
morning. He adds : "Soon after daybreak there was very heavy
firms? on our left, and at the same time the enemy crossed the
/
196 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
road that ran along the front of the thick piece of wood; in front
of B and the company on the right. The firing ceased on the
left for some time, but there was desultory firing in our front, and
many bullets passed me. The company cooks were on the way to
the front with breakfast, when the firing started away to the loft,
to spread rapidly to the right. We were doing but little firing,
as we could not see the enemy on account of the thicket. There
was very open timber to the left. In a short time we saw the
regiment on our left falling hack. I said to Captain Baldwin :
i If that regiment is falling back, we will have to go.' lie waited
two minutes perhaps, and then gave the order to fall back. We
went in a hurry, and I do not think, when we left the pits, that
the enemy was three rods from lis."
As Captain Nickels, of Company C, was serving as officer of the
day, Lieutenant Newcomb, its First Lieutenant, commanded this
company on this occasion. Shortly after the affair, he noted in
his diary as follows : "About seven o'clock in the morning the
rebels commenced a rapid fire on our left. (During the night
they had shelled the woods where we lay.) Soon after this, bul-
lets began to whistle over our heads, and when our boys could see
a grayback to fire at they responded. Lieutenant-Colonel Spof-
ford passed along our rear, and when just beyond the right of our
company was severely wounded in the right thigh — a mortal wound
it proved to be. After a half-hour's fighting, I could tve through
the woods on our immediate left the rebels charging in close
order, and. then tin- companies on my right and. left fell back.
When we had fallen buck about two hundred yards, I was called
to by Captain Lawrence, whose company, 11. held a r^-ovvc pit, to
fall my men in with his ; but seeing that his pits were crowded,
Company D having joined him, 1 thought, it besl to continue the
retreat until I could take up a desirable position. About one hun-
dred yards farther back ) halted my men, and formed them in
one rank behind the crest of a ridge, and then reported to Cap-
tain Hill, now in command of the regiment, who ordered me to
deploy my men as skirmishers and try and connect with Captain
Lawrence on the right, ami with A, which company he said was
to the left, and in advance. 1 was movingmy men forward, when
they were tired on actively from the direction Company A was
supposed to be in.. Or-:- man was immediately wounded, and then
a bullet struck me in the neck, and J was taken from the field.''
X
m BERMUDA HUNDRED.
19'
We supplement Captain Newoonib's report with excerpts from
an interesting ]ettcr from Sergeant Edwin J. Miller, of Company
C, wild was with his company that morning, as when was he not ?
The Sergeant writes as follows :
"Previous to the break in the line on our left, we held the
enemy very easily, and had no thought of bring driven out.
We could hear the commands of the rebel officer in our immediate
front very plainly. He would order the men forward, but they
only made a feint, and when we would open upon them they
would throw themselves flat upon the ground, when all would
become silent for several minutes, save an occasional shot, when
the same thing would again be repeated. This all occurred pre-
vious to the charge which broke the line on our left. I remem-
ber that one Johnnie had a position behind a large oak-tree, and
was very regular in getting oil his gun. A smaller tree on the
right grew within about a foot of the oak. He would load behind
the oak, and then step to the right, and fire from between the
two trees, and return so quickly that no one could hit him,
although several of the boys had made the trial. I had been
watching his game, and told the boys to hold back and let me
have Vno next whack. Accordingly, I placed my gun upon the
bank of Uie pit and sighted it for the gap which he invariably
tilled in his efforts to subdue the North ; and. like the old darky
in the bear story, the instant I saw the hole darked, I palled, but
not quick enough to stop his fire, for his bullet skipped the pit,
and filled fny ear with dirt, lie canted over, hut saved himself
by coming upon his hands, and immediately righted and disap-
peared by making a couple of hops on one leg. lie appeared to
have been hit in the leg. and his wound was at least sc\ere enough
to silence his battery.
"'While we were having this little engagement, Colonel Spoltord
came walking slowly along behind the pits, giving encouraging
words to the boys. He was in full view of the enemy, and the)
commenced firing at him. The bullets were skipping by, and
some one advised him to get down or they would hit him. Jn an
instant, he was struck.
" We were not all driven out at once, but each man from the
breach towards the right followed the ether in quiet: succession.
As they were going they resembled the waving of a kite's tail.*'
The story of D Company iov this morning covers that of II. and
198 -THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
it. was so carefully told m the published history of fche former
company that it is not thought necessary by the representatives
of the two interested companies to change it in any particular.
The position of D was at Yl arebotfcom Church. The pickets had
by this time settled into a state of armed neutrality, the more
venturesome even trading in coffee and tobacco ; Private Bridges,
of D, was especially active in this sort of barter. He frequently
went across the strip of ground that lay between the picket lines
to drive lively trades with the enemy for tobacco, which was
• scarce with us, bartering coffee therefor, which was scarce with
1 them.
Private Bridges, "Old Turk,''' as he was called, was a charac-
ter. A half-suirly look in his eyes, something like that in those
of a halt-tamed steer, caused him to receive fche bucolic nickname.
He had ideas of Ids own about guns ; the Springfield rifles we
were armed with he despised. He wanted a gun that would carry
a bullet to the spot he aimed at. Somewhere at Gloucester Point.
I think, he got hold of a sporting rifle, a heavy, thick-barrelled,
strongly grooved, piece, and then the bother was to get suitable
ammunition for it, our cartridges being much too large for its
bore. After a deal of wandering through camps he secured,
through a good-natured cavalryman, a suitable cartridge for his
gun, a carbine cartridge that fitted it perfectly. With a sr
these in his cartridge-box, he was ready for the enemy. Of course,
the carrying of this gun had to be winked at by his officers, and
when he went on inspection or parade he had to borrow a despised
Springfield rifle from someone oil duty to appear with, giving
rise to a story of his carrying two gens.
Tins evening, that of the 1st of June, Corporal Wcym
made himself the medium of exchange between the pickets. He
went towards the rebel pickets in the early evening, and was met by
one of their number, whom he arranged to meet at the same spol
in the early morning for the exchange of goods ;e < ed upon. The
night was a moonless one, 1 remember : for. as we were not allowed
fires or to light matches on tie. outposts, when we wanted to lean:
the time of night we hud to catch a firefly and make him crawl
across the face of a watch, that when he flashed we might catch
the positions of the hands, in the early paid of the nigh- the
rebel batteries opened on our lines, firing m rasly for a
time ; but, as we did not reply, they ceased firing after about one
*N BERMUDA HUXDKED. 199
/
huur. It is probable that it was Beauregard's purpose to aggra-
vate our batteries into replying, that he might gather an idea of
their positions and the number of their guns;
Morning came at last, and the daylight broke. As soon as the
light was strong enough to see clearly, Lieutenant Maxfield made
a tour along the line of 1) from right to left. He found Corporal
Weymouth wide awake and in readiness, to go out to meet his
rebel friend when he should appear coming over the rebel works.
'•'There he is, Corporal,'- said someone, as a form darted over the
rebel line. " But he has a gun in his hand," Weymouth answered ;
and, sure enough. Lieutenant Maxfield saw that the man they were
looking at had a gun in his hand, and that he was accompanied
by a long line of other gray-clad men, reaching out from his right
and left, all with guns in their hands, too, and all moving swiftly
toward our works. In a moment the Lieutenant had shouted the
alarm to his men, and as the sharp word of command rang out,
every man, were he asleep or awake, sprang to his feet, every gun
was to a cheek, and a rapid and effective fire was opened upon the
now swiftly approaching enemy. So sure and cool were our men,
so far from being surprised, that in less than a minute the long
line of the enemy in front of D was gone, those of them not fallen
back to cover, lying on the ground dead or dying, the not too
desperately wounded slowly crawling for spots sheltered from our
fire.
The new rifie of Private Bridges was especially effective that
• ■■■"*
morning, every shot from it seeming toted. His usually half-
closed eyes were wide open now and sparkling with joy. As he
fired he would peer after his flying shot, and " I have hit him,"
he would triumphantly shout, and then proceed to reload his
rifle with cool care. We were jubilant, for we had beaten Urn
enemy off. but we speedily found that the pickets on our left had
not been so fortunate. We could see them falling hastily back,
and then over the open space before us that we had just cleared
of one rebel skirmish line, a heavier one came rushing.
We fell back to a reserve pit on the run, entering it pell mell.
Here we found Captain Lawrence and his Company II. and at U:^
command a smart fire was opened on the pursuing enemy, driv-
ing them to cover. But unfortunately there was an unoccupied
reserve pit to our rear and left that the enemy entered, and from
which they poured a galling lire on our rear. Captain Lawrence,
200 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
as commander oi
Thompson of bis own company, and by Lieutenant Maxfield, of
1). Those officers exposed themselves recklessly while urging the
men to keep up their fire on the enemy in their front, not for-
getting those in the reserve pit behind us.
Of course we could not stay where we were unless we propos< d
to go to Richmond before its evacuation. A hasty council of war
was held by the officers, and it was agreed that the plan should
be to fight desperately until a lull in the attack should give an
opportunity to gain the woods behind us, then that we should
break for cover with a sudden and combined rush that would
i
carry us right through the enemy of the reserve pit should they
sally out as we ran by them, which we must., and within a few
feet of them, The rebels in our front made several vain rushes
at us. Once a sergeant of theirs led his men almost to the muz-
zles of the guns on the left, at a moment, too, when most of
the guns there were uncharged. Corporal Weymouth was on the
extreme left. ''Shoot that sergeant, Weymouth," was shrieked
at hint, and like lightning Weymouth's gun was pointing straight
at the gallant rebel, and Weymouth's sharp eye was looking down
the barrel as if to give the death stroke. Even rebel human
nature, probably fighting for a commission, could not stand it.
and the sergeant turned and lied, his men hying with him, not
knowing that Weymouth's gun was as empty as a last year's bird's
nest.
A movement of the rebels in our front that cheeked the lire ot.
their men in the reserve pit indicated a coming onslaught. The
moment for retiring had come. (- Xov, all together," said Lieuten-
ant Maxfield, as he ran along to the left ; ''pour it into b m
when Captain Lawrence shouts 'Eire,' and then run for the
woods/' "Fire/'' the order came ; a crash of rifles answered it,
and then we ran like deer for the sheltering timber. The enemy
in the reserve pit was nonplussed for a moment, for it looked as
if we were charging straight upon them; but, catching the idea,
in a moment they arose and poured a sharp fire into us as we ran
by. Within a minute those of us not killed, made prisoners, or
too badly wounded to be carried from the held, had rejoined the
Eleventh, which we found in line of battle not many rods in rear
of the scene of our desperate defense.
Companies F, F, ami K were rim engaged, the enemy not mak-
IX. BERMUDA HUNDRED.
201
/
ing a demonstration along fee front they covered. Ccneij.1 Hill,
then Captain of Company K, commanded the right of the line,
and was near Warebottom Church when Colonel Spofford fell.
Hastening to his side, he was directed by Colonel Spofford to
take command of the regiment, as the next in rank, and told to
expect the weight of the attack from the left. General Hill
thereupon took command of the scattered companies, and rallied
them in a strong position as they fell back, quickly presenting so
hold a front to the advancing enemy as to check his final advance.
In a short half-hour he had proved himself to be a most efficient
field officer — his bravery had long been known — and from that
day he advanced in rank as he grew in military reputation, ad-
vancing steadily from Captain to Major, to Lieutenant-Colonel,
to Colonel, until he wore the star to which his gallantry well
entitled him.
The Eleventh had able commanders, and the stars fell thick
among them, but none found their way to the hearts of its rank
and file as did General Hill. "What iNaglcc was to its earliest
years, Hill was to its latest, and the regiment never took a
prouder step, nor stood higher in the opinion of its fellow regi-
ments, than when it followed the fortunes of its colonel with the
empty sleeve.
We lost brave men in this light, but the great loss to the regi-
ment was that of Lieutenant-Colonel Spofford. He was taken
from the field, and sent, to Fortress Monroe, where he died on the
17th of June, The regiment was but just learning to appreci; te
the best qualities of Colonel Spofford. As bravo as a fear] ss
child, as gentle as a woman, without an unreasonable ambition,
only intent in carrying out his orci irs to the letter, Colonel
Spofford marched us from point to point, sometimes, at least
once, with a speed that was exhausting, only intent on reaching
the position lie was to occupy, and reaching it, to hold it faith-
fully until relieved by authority. His last words to General Mill
showed the quick intelligence of the soldier and the thought ful-
ness of the commander, for even while suffering from a mortal
wound he thought of his men rather than of himself. Not unti]
he had turned his command over to Ids successor, and given him
the results of his morning observation did he suffer himself to he
taken from the field. His epitaph was well written by Sergeant-
Major Morton when the news of his death reached the regiment :
2U1
XKE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT,
/
" In Colonel £]>oi?erd we bavatost a brave soldier and a Christian
gentleman."
On learning of the death of Colonel Spofford, the following
order was issued from Brigade Headquarters by Colonel Plaisted :
Headquarters, 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 10th A. C,
Deep Bottom, Ya., June 22, 1864.
General Orders.
It is with deep regret and sorrow the colonel commanding an-
nounces to the brigade the death of Lienten ant-Colonel Winslow
P. Spofford, late commanding Eleventh Maine Volunteers. He
died in hospital at Old Point "Comfort on the 17th insfc. of wounds
received in battle.
On the 4M of June, his regiment being on picket, the enemy
attacked our outposts in force. Colonel Spofford. was among the
first to fall, shot through the thigh, at the beginning oi the
action.
Colonel Spofford entered the service in the fall of 1SC1 as Cap-
tain in the Eleventh., and won his promotions by the zeal and
faithfulness with which he performed every duty. He entered
the service of his country from the highest motives, ready and
willing to give his life, if .need be, in his country's cause. That
life has been given, and to him belongs the merit of having died
for Ids country — to hare died for others — the noblest, the diyinest,
of all human actions.
In the death of Lieutenant-Colonel Spofford our country has
lost a brave and faithful soldier and Christian patriot. Long
may his name be remembered and honored by a grateful posterity.
By order of H. M. Plaisted,
Colonel Eleventh Maine Vols., Comdg. Brig.
(Signed,) Charles B. Amoky.
Cent, aad A. A. General.
-The losses in this action were as follows :
Field. — Wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel Winslow P. Spofford,
mortally.
Company X— "Killed, Private Horace W. Brown ; wounded,
Sergeant James Andrews, Corporal George W. Thompson, Pri-
vates Daniel A. Bean, Daniel 0. Butler, William S. Buswell,
Thomas D. Cook, Aaron Gomery, William H. Hartford, Joseph
D. Jewett, Daniel Y. McFarland, Thomas McFariand, Asa L.
Mclntire, Mitchell N;eddo.
Company C. — Wounded, Lieuti uant Lemuel hi. Newcomb, Cor-
poral Melville Cole, Privates Elijah S. Kelley, Coffin S. Leighton.
/
W BERMUDA HUNDRED.
203
Company D.— Killed, Private John E. Bridges; wounded, Ser-
geant Robert Brady, Jr., Corporal James E. Bailey, Privates
Sumner M. Bolton, Samuel A. Bragdon, Melin Conforth, Richard
W. Dawe, Hudson K. Dyer, Moses E. Sherman, Zelrnan B.
Smith ; prisoners, Captain Albert G. Mudgett, Sergeant Gardiner
E. Blake, Privates Sumner M. Bolton, Martin V. Bryant, Law-
rence Kelley.
Company G. — Killed, Private Sewall L. Chamberlain ; wounded,
Corporal Thomas J. Holmes.
Company II. — Killed, Privates Valentine S. Cumner, William
F. Kogers ; wounded, Lieutenant James M. Thompson, Private
William Green.
Company I. — Wounded, Sergeant Arthur V. Vandine,. Private
Francis Winn.
Killed, 5 : wounded, 32 ; prisoners, 5 — total, 42.
The importance to our regiment of this handsome little engage-
ment was its demonstration that the rank and tile of tin: regiment
could be depended upon to stand their ground against large odds,
and that among the line officers were many brave and capable
men — men who could meet sudden changes of conditions with the
intelligent celerity that so often changes the tide of battle. We
ran, to be sure, but no farther than it was necessary that we
should in order to gain ground on which to turn and face our
assailants. And I am not sure but General Plaisted, who assumed
personal charge of this defense, is right in his claim thai the stub-
born resistance offered the enemy by his brigade, and by our regi-
ment especially, save! the main works from a general assault.
For once in full possession of our outer hue, as the} would have
been had our regiment followed the retreating regiments into the
main works, the temptation to go further would have been strong
with so bold and sanguine a soldier as was General B< auregurd.
/'
CHAPTER XXI.
DEFENDING THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT.
The Gillmore Fiasco — Our New Position— Private Haegau's Dilemma —
The Coining of Grant— The Assaults on Petersburg— Beauregard
Evacuates Bermuda Hundred Lines — A.n Adventure of the Tenth
Connecticut — The Arrival of Lee and the Flight of the "Hundred
Days " Men — A Joke on Myself — Lee's Veterans Assault our Front,
while Those of Grant are Assaulting Beauregard's Position at Peters-
burg— Cessation of Attacks— Casualties.
I
The picket skirmishing, that had died out to a large extent
during the last week in May, became continuous again from this
attack of June 3d. Our own regiment, when not on the picket
line engaged in this de.sull.ory sort of warfare, was lying in line of
battle behind the heavy inner works of Bermuda Hundred.
These works consisted of strong redans, or batteries, connected
by infantry parapets, all with stout abatis in front, and with
slashings wherever possible. From Beauregard's report, his men
lav behind their somewhat similar works as anxiously as we did
behind ours, both we and they in continual expectation of an
assault. The truth is, that both Butler and Beauregard were
afraid that their long and thinly inaum d lines might be ass
and carried at any moment, each knowing his own weakness full
well, and magnifying the strength of his opponent. Beam
had the best '-ground for his fears. As the strong* I numerii
and occupying the inner and therefore the shorter lines of the
opposing works, and with a strong fleet of gunboats in the river
to fall back to the shelter of, in case of disasti :\ the initiative be-
longed to us. And, indeed, a tore: did move out from oui line
the 9th of June to attack Petersburg. General Gillmore
3,000 infantry, accompanied by General Kautzwith 1,500 cavalry,
crossed the Appomattox on the ponton bridge at Port Walthall in
the early morning. Gillmore moved out on the City Point Road,
and Kaniz moved 1" the left four or fi i lea to reach the Jeru-
salem Plank Road. Gillmore finding tin w >rks before him stroj
ones, ami apparently well manned, did not attempt to assault
/
DEFENDING* THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT. 205
I them, returning to Bermuda Hundred that afternoon. Kautz
attacked ou the plank road with indifferent success at first, but
finally flanked the enemy's line, forcing them out of their works,
then marched on the city; but reenf orcein en Is coming to the
enemy and Gillmore not supporting him, Kautz was forced to
withdraw.
We may as well note here that General G-illmore was removed
from command of the corps the 14th of June, the day General
Grant arrived at General Butler's headquarters. General Terry
Iwas placed in command of the corps provisionally.
It was during the period of this abortive expedition thai we
moved to the left and took position along the line that Howell's
brigade had occupied, that brigade making pa.rt of Gillmore \s
inglorious expedition. While they were absent, the task of hold-
ing not only the line of his own brigade, but that of Howell's, was
intrusted to General Plaisted. We occupied this position from
nine o'clock in the evening of June 8th until the night of the
I 10th, when we were relieved by the Third ]STew Hampshire, We
found ourselves in a very exposed position while on tins part of
the line. Our own camp was in a position of the line that was
well refused, thus keeping us out of the line of rebel jure, the
advanced picket line at Warebottom Church being a full quarter
of a mile beyond our camp ground. But here the main lines
were not far from each other, hi "The Knightly Soldier''* it is
quoted from a letter of Major Camp that he visited a redoubt on
this part of the line, commanded by Major Trumbull (a your;
brother of Chaplain Trumbull), of the First Connecticut Artil-
lery : t- Major Trumbull invited us this morning to tin- top of the
parapet to examine the rebel works with greater care. The inter-
est of the view was increased by his explanations. Must beneath
arc our own rifle pits. Yonder in the- woods are theirs. Their
sharpshooters post themselves in the woods and much nearer. 1
don't know how it will be to-day, bur yesterday no officer could
show himself here without finding himself a mail-; immediately.
You'll see, it we get a shot, it will come from the thicket on the
left. Between where we stand and that traverse [a few rods dis-
tant] eight men have been picked off since Sunday.'"'
It was here that Private Peter Haegan, of D Company, stood his
at the time famous allriiight picket guard. The picket posts were
m an open field, and m full sight of the enemy. So close were
206 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
the}' to the rebel line that, to avoid the danger of a relieving party
being mistaken by the enemy for an advance, the pickets were
posted by threes, with orders to relieve each other during the night,
two to sleep and one to stand post. Peter went on post first, and
Xhis two comrades rolled themselves in their blankets, lay down a
few rods to his rear, and went to sleep. After some hours, Peter
thought it time he was relieved, and tried to attract the attention
of his comrades by hemming and coughing. He did not dare to
cry out, for a rebel picket post was stationed a few rods beyond
him, and he feared he would draw a shot by doing so. But hem
and haw and groan as he would, he could not seem to awaken the
sleepers. They slept through it all, and it was not until daylight,
when the outposts were withdrawn to safer quarters, that Peter
was relieved. He was ferociously angry, not the less so because,
as he declared, while he was suffering agonies in trying to draw
their attention and escape that of the rebels he could plainly hear
them snickering and laughing together. They denied and denied,
but never again would Peter go on post with either of the two.
Before the battle of Cold. Harbor was fought by the Army of
the Potomac and the portion of the Army of the James sent to
General Grant under General Smith, Grant had about given up
all hope of breaking through Lee's defense on the north side of
the James, and bad planned, if this last effort failed, to move
across the James to a position before Petersburg, hoping to be able
to move so unexpectedly as to effect the capture of Petersburg
and the turning of Beauregard's Bermuda Hundred line, and
to cut oil Confederate communication with North Carolina before
Leo should realize Grant's object sufficiently to checkmate it by
throwing the Army of Northern Virginia across the James and
into the Confederate intrenchments at Bermuda Hundred and.
Petersburg in time to save them. Xo sooner was the result of
the Battle of Cold Harbor plain to Grant than he began to prepare:
for this movement. Briefly, the orders now issued directed Gen-
eral Smith to march the portion of the Army of the James with
him to the White House, there to embark on the transports that
had taken them from Bermuda Hundred in the last days of May,
and to steam directly for Bermuda Hundred; to land his men as
soon as they arrived, and to move on Petersburg immediately.
The Army ol the Potomac was to concentrate at Wilcox's Land-
ina\ on the James, bv different routes, and cross the river by a
DEFENDING THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT.
207
/
ponton bridge laid down between this landing and Windmill Point,
one just below City Point. As soon as a division was across the
river it was to march directly to Smith's support, all the move-
ments being so timed in the orders as to make them supporting
ones. These movements were to be made under cover of cavalry
movements, and a demonstration by the Fifth Corps, which was
thrown boldly to the neighborhood of the White Oak Swamp
battlefield, to give Lee the idea that Grant's movements were
made with the intention of assaulting Richmond by the north
side of the river, with his base protected by gunboats.
The orders, as you have seen, gave the initiative of the move-
ment to the part of the Army of the James under General Smith,
lie marched his troops to White House, reembarked, and
sailed for Bermuda Hundred, arriving in the afternoon of June
14th. The next morning Smith's force crossed the Appomattox
by the ponton bridge at Broadway Landing, two miles from Port
Walthall and eight from Petersburg. Assaulting the works they
found in their front, they succeeded in carrying a long line of
them. Divisions of the Army of the Potomac began to reach
Smith's positiou that afternoon, bin- owing to the exhaustion of
troops, missent orders, and various oilier causes, the success of
the forenoon was not followed up, and the ICth and 17th were
spent by our forces in making assaults on the strong and, though
mainly defended by artillery, still well-defended rebel works
etersuu
The results were varying: during these two
days, but Beaurc
reenforced by L<
During this t
ird held his ground, and on the I8t.li was heavily
s veteran troops.
ie we, the lines of Bermuda Hundred, were in
hourly expectation on the lGth and 17th of the Army of Northern
Virginia assaulting us, it having to pass so near us in moving
down the pike and the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad to
Leauregard's assistance, that it might cosily hurl an assaulting
column on our lines and, breaking through the inadequate force
with which we held them, assail Grant on the flank.
While Beauregard, thoroughly alive to Grant's real purposes
through the stories of scouts and spies, and the sifted admissions
of the prisoners he captured on the 15th, was showering telegrams
oil Lee and sending his aids with personal messages to Richmond,
Lee was still on the north side of the dames throwing out recon-
naissances in every direction in search of Grant's real course.
/
208 THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT-
This delay of Lee forced Beauregard to held his lines with a very
small force against a constantly augmenting one. But tliesc lines
were formidable ones. A born engineer as well as one in educa-
tion, Beauregard had from sheer restlessness already intrenched
every practicable position around Petersburg, planting enfilad-
ing batteries on all commanding points, and generally had already
planned and arranged the lines of works that; with little modifi-
cation of position, held Petersburg so long against our armies.-
Knowing that the force in his front was steadily growing as
divisions of the Army of the Potomac came on the ground and
went into position, and that the 10th would be a day of trial to
him, the night of the loth Beauregard determined to abandon the
Bermuda Hundred line, trusting to the coming of Lee's troops to
regain them. That night, under cover of a threatening demon-
stration, he withdrew the force that held the Bermuda Hundred
lines, leaving only a mask of pickets, virtually abandoning his
whole line from the Howlett House to the Appomattox. He
says that he had the guns and caissons of the Hewlett House
Battery removed and buried, the ground above them rearranged
with sticks and leaves so as not to arouse any suspicion, and that
this prize remained safely hidden until the Confederates had
regained their line.
Chaplain Trumbull, of the Tenth Connecticut, who was with
his regiment on the picket line at the time, tells the story of the
enemy's hasfcy evacuation: ffSoon after midnight word came to
the reserve that the enemy had planted cannon so as to sweep
the main road across which was the picket line, that he was
massing troops for an attack at the right, and that lie had ad-
vanced his vedettes as if to make room for an attacking column.
That there was unusual activity on the part of the
enemy there could bo no doubt. The rumble of moving artillery
and army wagons was distinctly heard ; and the clatter of swift-
ridden horses, with the voices of officers giving orders, close at
hand, mingled with the rattle of trains over the Petersburg track
from far beyond, But whether ail these movements indicated an
evacuation, or an arrival vi reenf or cements for an attack, was an
undecided but interesting question to the waiting listeners in the
advanced riile pits/'1 Colonel Yoris, of the Sixty-seventh Ohio,
division officer of the day, received similar reports from all along
the line. Orders were given for an advance at. daybreak to learn
DEFENDING THE BEEMUDA HUNDRED FRONT. 209
what. was going on in front, and just in the gray of the morning
the vedette line was reinforced and pushed forward to feel the
enemy, who conkl still be heard, although not so plainly as a while
before. Still,, there was every reason to fear a. warm reception,
/But the slender line passed over the pits so lately occupied by the
enemy's picket posts, reached the abatis, tore a passageway •
through, and mounted the rebel in tree oh merits without opposi-
tion.
The captured works were soon occupied in force by our men,
and General Terry pushed out with a body of troops to cat the
I Petersburg & Richmond Jhalroad. The Tenth Connecticut 3iad
the honor of occupying the Hewlett House Battery, and it was
there that they had a. new experience, that of hoisting a white
flag. Chaplain Trumbull tells the story.
" Upon the river bank stood a house, once the residence of Dr.
Hewlett, a pleasant, place still, with a magnificent prospect over
the river, which wound two hundred feet beneath. From its roof,
the spires of "Richmond are plainly to be seen, . . . The
house had been riddled with shells from our gun.boats and moni-
tors, which had made it, and a battery close beside it, their
especial targets for weeks past. . . . Near this house we sat
clown to rest. The ice-house attached to it, still partially filled,
furnished us. with an unwonted luxury. The trees shaded a soft,
grassy turf, and. we thought ourselves well off in our temporary
headquarters. . . . We strolled about the place examining
the effects of shot and shell. One of the latter, a 15-inch play-
thing from a monitor, lay unexploded half way down the steep
hillside. Our boys amused themselves with rolling it to the
bottom.
"Lying down upon the grass, we were awaiting the arrival of
the division, when a roar like that of a dozen shrieking locomo-
tives came close at hand — a shriek which, made Ike earth tremble
beneath us ; and a tremendous explosion, all nearly simultaneous,
startled us, not to use a stronger expression. Looking down the
river, a cloud of white smoke, drifting away from the turret of a
monitor, showed us what it meant. A 100-pound rifle shell
had struck the bank just below us, and exploded there. We were
supposed by our naval friends to be some of the rebels to whom
they had been devoting their attention for a month past. While
we still looked, another cloud of smoke rolled out from a second
I 14
/
210 THE STORY OF ONE KEG1MEXT.
porthole. We jumped to cover, or threw ourselves flat upon the
ground a second or two — and again the shell and explosion — the
latter not far from overhead,, while the huge fragments of a 200-
pound shell from a 15-inch gun flew all around us, striking the
trees close by, burying themselves in the earth, or whizzing past
a redoubt some two hundred yards distant. The upshot of the
adventure was that the party of the Tenth put out a white flog,
when presently a boat put oil from the monitor, a white flag fly-
ing at her bow, and pulled towards us, the officer in charge prob-
ably expecting to receive the surrender of a body of rebels. He
was somewhat chagrined at the reception he received, but philo-
sophically filled his boat with iee and returned to the monitor."
The Eleventh Maine did not cross the captured works. It was
placed in position at Warebottom Church, the regimental line
crossing the road which led through our works, and into the rebel
works. Here we passed the day in hourly expectation of attack,
for it was too much to expect that Lee's veterans now marching
down the turnpike would be satisfied with occupying the rebel
works, but that they would pour over it and assault our position.
We did not expect the troops now holding the captured works in
our immediate front to make any defense. It was composed of
a force of one hundred days men from Ohio — good material
enough, but in the nature of things quite undisciplined, mere
raw recruits, and without the veteran organization of officers and
men that enabled our own new men to do sue]; good work. They
held their position beautifully so long as they were not troubled
by the Confederates ; but along in the afternoon a commotion was
visible among them, then a feu- came hurrying over the works
they were in, then more and more, a confused firing was heard,
then the "rebel yell " rose clear and shrill, and the whole force of
Ohio men came flocking over (lie works and across the slashing, a
strong skirmish line of gray-clothed soldiers moving after thorn-—
the van of Lee's army. The hundred days men came tearing
towards us at the lop of their speed without order, or orders, so far
as could be seen. We opened ranks to lot them through, the
seared., whitc-facod flock of shoe}), one of them, I remember, hold-
ing up a hand from which the biood was trickling from a scratch
probably made by a limb of n fallen tree of the slashing, lamen-
tably crying, "I'm wounded, I'm wounded,'' while our men
roared with lauciner. What would have become of them —
DEFENDING THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT.
211
/
whether they would have stopped short of Ohio — I do not know,
had not a reserve regiment deployed with fixed bayonets and
forced them into something- like order.
But we had no time for enjoyment of this part of the comedy.
Closing up as the Ohio men passed through us, we turned so
heavy a lire on the advancing lines of the enemy that they stopped,
staggered, fell back, and finally retired to their recaptured works.
And right here I must tell a little joke on the writer of this.
Covering the road, or sally port through the works by the old
church was an outlying work, a short, strong breastwork covered
by abatis. In expectation of the enemy's onslaught, Colonel
Piaisted, brigade commander, and in especial charge of our posi-
tion, directed me to enter this outwork with a body of picked
men, and to hold it at all hazards. Here we placed ourselves in
position to open a vigorous tire on the enemy when he should
sweep across the slashing and around the ends of our little work.
The enemy appeared, crossed the works before us, and the hun-
dred days men having been cleared away, our line opened a terri-
ble fire ob the advancing rebels. VicW, do you know, there were
so many of oar men that failed to aim at the enemy, but let fly
right ahead, that a shower of bullets whistled from the rear
around our heads, thudded in the earth around our bodies, and
the first order 1 was called upon to give was, " Flat on the ground,
for your lives/- at the same time setting the fashion. And in-
stantly every man of our little party was hugging the ground with
me. When the hailstorm ceased we sat up and looked each
safe, but how we roared with laughter at the
had played in the little melee. And our friends
1 with and at, us — even General Plaisted's anx-
a trifle id the comic part his advanced party
had played in the affray.
Had we occupied Beauregard's temporarily abandoned line in
force, a very different story might have resulted from that day's
work. General Humphreys says : "When General Grant learned
on the 16th that General Butler occupied General Beauregard's
Bermuda Hundred lines, being anxious that they should! be held
and a footing on the railroad secured, he directed General Meade
to send General Wright with two of his divisions by boat to Gen-
eral Butler, when they abandoned the crossing place of the armv.
Accordingly they embarked at midnight, and on the morning of
other over. Ail
ridiculous part w<
in the line laugbt
ions face relaxin
/
212 THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT.
the 17th General Wright reported to General Butler, feat Beaure-
gard's lines were then held by Pickett and Field, and General
Wright was directed to support General Terry in an attack upon
them. The attack, however, giving no. great promise or success,
was not made."
General Osbom says that at daybreak of June 17th the Con-
federates assaulted the Union line in our front, and were repulsed,
but when they assaulted in the afternoon they broke through a
portion of the line, driving it back. Captain Maxfieldr's diary
states that in the evening of the 17th the Eleventh charged to
support the left of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, where some-
one hundred days men had giveixway — our Ohio runaways again.
And for the 18th his diary states that we had fallen back to the
old line of rifle pits, back of the church, and that either Inten-
tionally or by accident the rebels set fire to the recaptured church,
and it was burned, to the ground.
A letter written by Major Camp, of the Tenth Connecticut,
and published in "The Knightly Soldier,"' indicates that the 18th
of June was an exciting day, one of assaults and of counter
assaults, on the Bermuda Hundred front as well as before Peters-
burg, where the Army of the Potomac, reenforeed by all that
could be spared of the Army of the James, was engaged in assault-
ing the enemy's works.
The Major wrote: "At half-past, throe Saturday morning
(June 18th) we were ordered out to support the Eleventh Maine,
occupying the right of the picket line. The tiro came from all
directions. One gun on. our front seemed never to fail ; every shell
which it sent hurst over some part of our line, as if thrown like a
hand grenade. Another, far to our right, flung its shell- a. few-
feet above oar heads, and on they went, crashing through the
trees with a swift succession of sharp reports, mingling with the
shrieks, as tree-trunks snapped like pipe stems, their tops whirled
in air. . . . At length there was a lull, a little time of utter quiet,
then came that for which all this had been only preparing : a
wild yell sounded through the woods upon our left, and in a
moment more there mingled, with it the crack of a thousand
rifles/'
The night of June 18th, after the corps of the Army of the
Potomac hul made a series of desperate and bloody assault? on the
Confederate works at Petersburg — works that military authorities
/
DEFENDING THE BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT.
213
agree should have been taken the loth, could Lave been taken the
16tb, might have "been taken on the 17th, but that were impreg-
nable fur the time, now that the divisions of the Army of Northern
Virginia were behind them — General Grant, recognizing the futil-
ity of further direct efforts against Petersburg, gave orders that
all assaults should cease, and that the positions gained by the sev-
eral corps close against the enemy's line should be intrenched.
General Humphreys says of these intrenchments : "The two
opposing lines of works before Petersburg remained substantially
the same in position to the close of the war."
Casualties esom Jcxe 8th to Jujne 18th.
June Slh.
Company A. — Wounded, Private Francis Poor.
June 10 Hi.
Company A.- --Wounded, Private George IT. .Richardson.
Company G. — Wounded, Private Josiah L. Bennett.
Company K. — Wounded, Corporal Josiah Furbish.
June mil.
Company B. — Wounded, Private Charles E. Carter.
Company D. — Wounded, Corporal Stephen It. Bearce.
Company K. — Wounded, Private "William L. Harmon.
June Wk.
Company A. — Wounded, Corporal Sylvester Stone, Private
William 8. lleald.
Company B.— Wounded, Private John P. Weeks,
Company/ G. -—Prisoners,, Private William T. Cressey, G^or.v
W. Hamor, Amiable .Martin, George Peacquette.
Company K. Wounded, Private John Green.
Wounded, 11 ; prisoners, 4— total, 15.
/
CHAPTER XXII.
AT DEEP BOTTOM.
We Cross the James and Capture Deep Bottom Bluff— Its Advantages as
a Base of Operations on the North Side-— Finding a " Pot of Gold ''
— Hill and Baldwin Promoted — A. False Alarm— -Raiding the Enemy's
Sources of Supply — Capturing Pickets to Secure Information — Colo-
nel EfllFs Adventure— The Rebels Shell Us. — Colonel Hill Leads an
Attack on the Enemy ami is Commended in Reports — Colonel Plaisted
Commands the Eleventh and the Tenth Connecticut in Operations on
Sti-aWberry PMns — Hard Fighting— A Sad Ai'daent--Graut's Object
— Arrival of Hancock and Sheridan — Miles's Brigade, assisted by the
Tenth Connecticut, Captures Four Twenty-pound Guns — The Move-
ments of Hancock and Sheridan— General Grant on the Ground —
Report of a Rebel Prisoner- Hancock's Troops Withdrawn — We Re-
tire to the Bluff— Casualties.
Ix the afternoon of the 20th of Juno our brigade broke camp, and
at five o'clock took up a line of march that brought us to Jones's
Landing on the James. Crossing the river in ponton boats after
dark, we landed on a bluff on the north shore of Deep Bottom.
The position was picketed by the enemy when we landed, bat their
pickets retired quickly he/ore the advance of our brigade skirmish
line, which was under command of Colonel Otis, of the Tenth
Connecticut. His line pushed that of the enemy back for a con-
siderable distance through the darkness, and was then halted and
established as a picket line.
Beep Bottom is the name of the very dee}) and wide mouth of
two creeks. The principal creek, Bailey's, runs north and south,
crossing the Newmarket and the Darbytown roads in its course.
Four Mile Creek Hows into the head of Deep Bottom from a south-
westerly direction,, flowing along the front of where our picket line
was established, which was at about five hundred yards from the
outer rifle pits of our intrenched camp. Three Mile Creek flows
from so westerly a course as to run at rather more than a right
angle to Bailey's Creek. It ran along the front of our fortifica-
tions, which it Snail) intersected, flowing into the James just
above the ponton bridge landing.
AT DEEP BOTTOM. 215
Dee}! Bottom, as the position we occupied was now called, was
a wooded bluff when we secured it, but it was bare enough before
many days, so vigorously did details from our regiment ply their
axes, while other fatigue parties from regiments of the brigade
/were throwing up a strong line of intrenehnients that, with gun-
boats anchored on the flanks, presented a practically impregnable
'•'bridge head" to the enemy, covering the north end of the pon-
ton bridge now laid down to the south shore of the James. And
a second ponton bridge was then laid across the river from a point
below the mouth of Deep Run. and its north-side landing was
covered with a redan that was not permanently occupied, nor was
the bridge laid except when needed for raiding purposes, this
lower position being so thoroughly under the fire of the gunboats
that it could he occupied at any time without interference from
the rebels. This lower bridge opened a road to Strawberry Plains,
— a broad stretch of cleared land occupying a large part of Curb's
I Neck- — a convex bend of the James that, on the map, fits neatly
into a concavity of the Bermuda Hundred peninsula.
The enemy was strongly intrenched opposite our camps on Deep
Bottom Bluff-, their works extending from near Chapin's Bluff to
the mouth of Bailers Creek, and. along the creek fco FusselPs
Mills, near its rise, at about five miles from Deep Bun. From
Fussell's Mills their line was sharply "refused," as the term is,
bearing away to i lie west. They occupied an advanced position
in the woods opposite the lower bridge, but. at such a distance from
the liver lien it was nor at the mercy of the gunboats. This ad-
vanced Confederate position covered the river road, which runs
out of the Newmarket road iust to the west of Bailey's Creek, and,
traversing the wooded edge of Strawberry Plains, runs down the
[ river to Malvern Hill, and beyond.
As we have said, the camps of our brigade were on Deep Bot-
tom Bluff. To the left of our works a field extended for a dis-
tance, reaching back from the river and over the brow of a long-
rise at some distance from the river. The Confederates had
established an outwork on the further slope of this hill, just peep-
ing over it, from which to shed our gunboats* but they made
little resistance to our advance, abandoning the position at our
approach. Their main works were beyond this position, and
were screened from our observation bv woods which thickened
toward- the river as thev extended east until a thick woods ran
/
210 THE STORY OF OJNE REGIMENT.
close to our works, miming all along Deep Bottom and up along
Bailey's Creek, the bluff we occupied haying been hewn out of
this forest growth by our axemen. Our picket line extended
from the creek through the woods, then swung back through the
field on the left to the river. Near the mouth of Four Mile
Creek, at a point near the river road, we maintained a force of
observation. This responsible and honorable post was held by
Companies A and II of our regiment, and was commanded by
Captain Lawrence.
We occupied Deep Bottom for two months, General Grant
making it the base of his operations on the north side of the
James, operations in which we participated, lighting all along the
rebel line of fortifications from Deep Bottom to Fussell's Mills.
During the rest of June, and until after the middle of July,
there was little activity displayed on either side of the James.
The weather was very hot and oppressive., as it was during the
whole summer. The pickets were on amicable terms, and rarely
came in collision, hnii bodies of the enemy were rarely seen, the
gunboats making it their business to throw shells at any troop of
cavalry or party of infantry that ventured from the cover of the
woods, either above as on the river or on Strawberry Plains.
Incidents of interest were few now. On the 22d of June,
members of the Tenth Connecticut found a so-called "'pot of
gold " in the ruins of a burned house while throwing up intrench-
ments on Strawberry Plains. A member of the regiment tells us
that the finder became soexcited at Ids discovery that, instead 6f
quickly disposing the treasure in his clothes, he yelled to his
comrades, and they promptly entered into such an effective
scrambling match for the gold that the finder was very little
richer for Ids discovery.
On the 29th of June, in the forenoon, a rebel battery opened
on the gunboats from a position at the head of Strawberry Plain.?,
on the river road. One shot struck a gunboat, bat a monitor
dropped down and threw a few shells in the battery's direction,
and it quickly became silent.
On the 1st day of July, Brigadier- General R. S. Foster assumed
command of the brigade, and Colonel Plaisted returned to the
regiment. ■ Colonel Plaisted laid not been in direct command of
the regiment, except for a few days at a time— -as while on its wa\
from Fernandina to 2d orris Island, and again on its way north —
/
AT DEEP BOTTOM. 217
far oyer a year. WJbags we went tarn Beaufort, S. C, to Per-
nandina, he was placed in command of the post covering the
whole of Amelia Island. Then he commanded our brigade on
Morris Island, and had now held command of the brigade we
were in since it was formed at Gloucester Point, conducting its
operations at Bermuda Hundred and during the advance on
Richmond.
On the 3d of July Major Hill was mustered as Lieutenant-
Colonel, and Captain Baldwin, of Company B, as Major. The
promotion of Major Hill was peculiarly gratifying to the regi-
ment, and that of Captain Baldwin was received with favor, for
he was known as a brave and alert officer and a cultivated gen-
tleman. ■:
At three o'clock in the morning of July 5th wc were turned
out and went into the rifle pits. It appears that General Weit-
zel, Butler's chief of staff, had heard, probably through a
deserter, that our position was to be assaulted at daylight by
5,000 men. This information he gave to General Butler, who
sent General Foster orders to be ready to meet the assailants.
They did not materialize. The next morning we were turned out
at the same hour, as there had been picket firing during the night
on our line ; only an outpost flurry, as it turned out.
In the evening of the 11th of July a force from the Tenth
Connecticut went up the river and destroyed a mill that was
grinding a hundred bushels of meal daily for the Confederate
commissar)' department. They also burned several otker build-
ings that were serving the purposes of the Confederacy, and cap-
tured fourteen men and an officer, and returned without loss.
About tin's time scouting parties from Captain Lawrence's com-
mand sallied out and fired large stores of grain which were in-
I tended for the Confederates.
On the loth our regiment was on picket under command of
Major Baldwin, It was posted in the woods before our works.
During the day the Major advance'! a force of twelve men of
Company C, under command of Captain Nickels, and made a
descent on the enemy's picket posts, capturing two men. There
were features of this little diversion thai make it worth recording
here. Colonel Baldwin writes of it as follows : iC I had charge of
the regiment on picket. As tire general had expressed a desire to
know what was going on in his front, 1 decided to go through the
218
the story of one reg-bient.
/
wood® in front of our lino and find out what there might be
beyond. The day was especially propitious for such a movement,
as the rain had thoroughly soaked the dry leaves and twigs so
that we could go through the woods as silently as cats, while by
bending down low we were completely hidden by the green under-
growth. I invited Captain Nickels to accompany me, and he, of
course, accepted the invitation with his customary alacrity. We
then selected a number of cool, steady men. After enjoining
strict silence upon them, and giving them a short drill in moving
forward, back, and by the flank at signal, we started forward."
We will lee First Sergeant Miller, of Company C, tell the rest
of the story: ''When we were deployed, Captain Nickels took
position on the right, and ordered me to take the left. We moved
forward and soon entered an almost impassable thicket of small
trees, the foliage of which was thoroughly saturated with water
from the recent rain. By reason of the dense growth, we obliqued
to the right and left to find accessible passages, and I soon he-
came conscious that the line was broken, and that five men were
with me and the balance were with Nickels. I took a hasty run
to the right, but as I saw nothing of Nickels or his men I re-
turned to the left, and ordered the men to oblique to the right
and try and make a connection before we should encounter the
enemy. On the extreme left was the recruit Morse, who, by the
way, was an old hunter, and a dead shot, lie carried a rifle with
which lie had been presented by Colonel Plaisted. I ran down
the line, which was halted, until 1 came to this man, who was at
the edge of the woods bordering a road which was parallel with
our line. I. hastily glanced up and down this road, but as J. saw
nothing 1 ordered Morse to follow me, and try and connect the
line. When I came to Che other men they informed me that
Morse had been talking with a Reb. I replied that he had been
talking with me ; but they insisted that such was the fact. So I
ordered a halt and questioned Morse, who admitted that he had
bidden a Iteb 'good morning,' with the remark that 'it was
very wet.' 1 asked him why he did not order his surrender, and
he allowed that that was a part of the play with which he was
entirely unfamiliar. So I immediately ordered him to return to
his old position with two men. while I entered the road with the
other two, and performed a front and flank movement on the
rebel position, which was accompanied with yells and oaths suffi-
/
AT DEEP BOTTOM. 219
eient to bring any ordinary ' Johnnie ' into submission. At my
request he came from behind a pile of wood, with which lie was
surrounded, but I ordered him to return and bring the musket,
which lie, in his haste to obey, had forgotten. After making my
capture, I immediately started to find Nickels. I had not gone far
before I heard shouts and. yells, in which, I was sure, the familiar,
stentorian voice of the commander of Company 0 was freely min-
gled. I did not witness the proceedings of this capture, but
Nickels told me at the time how it happened. He said : fWhen
I came out of the thicket, I entered a growth of large oak trees,
free from underbrush, and I at once saw the location of my man,
who held a position in a road running back to the rebel line, the
position of the post being between two hills. I saw my method
of capture, which must be bloodless, if possible. I left a part of
my men in front, with instructions to keep running from tree to
tree, to attract his attention, while I made a detour with the bal-
ance to come down on his flank, It worked like a charm, and if
you ever saw a surprised lad of eighteen summers it was my boy
of the rebel post when he discovered the muskets with which lie
was covered upon turning his head at the command, "Surrender ! "
But he was plucky, and ordered us to surrender against the great
odds with which he was confronted. And that was the cause of
our lusty yells, to prevent him from being rash enough to shoot,
and to prevent my men from shooting him/
"•We returned to our line with the prisoners, whom we invited
to breakfast with us oh the baked beans and hot coffee with which
the cook had just arrived. The young fellow, who was fiery, and
took his capture at heart, at first declined, declaring that he had
just partaken of a breakfast much better than we could offer, but
when we opened his haversack lie had to acknowledge the corn.
The old man was past sixty., and declared the Confederacy a
....
failure, which raised the indignation of the youngster, who called
him Grandpa. After breakfast they were sent to General
Foster."
There was a constant desire at headquarters to know what was
going on in our front, and scouting parlies were out almost daily,
often (akinir desperate risks to get the coveted information.
c O 1 CD
Boldness and quickness of wit were imperative necessities in the
make-up of the scouts, and these qualities q£1 ui extracted these
venturesome men from most embarrassing situations. Our own
220
THE STOllY OF ONE REGIMENT.
/
General Kill, tkm our Lieutenant-Colonel, was one of the bold-
est of our scouts, often volunteering, despite his rank, for the
dangerous service just to escape the dullness of camp life. An
adventure of his in this month of July will give an idea of the
risks he and other brave men ran. and of the nonchalance with
which they faced unexpected dangers.
General Foster had requested him to go out through the big
cornfield already told of, and learn what lie could of the force of
the rebels in our front, and to do it in. his own way. Taking a
couple of orderlies with him, Colonel Hill rode into the interior
until he judged that he was a mile from the river. Xot having
seen any rebels yet, he then bore to the left to strike the river
away above us, intending to ride down along the river bank to
Deep Bottom. After riding for about a half-mile toward the
rher, he suddenly rode into the rear of an # uudeployed rebel
picket force of about twenty-five men. As they clustered around
him, their officer laughingly asked the Colonel where he was
going. Personally the Colonel felt very sure that he was going
to Richmond^ however much against his will, but putting on a
bold face, he answered that he had ridden out to get the news by
exchanging papers with them. " Tin's is pretty cool," said the
rebel officer ; '"let me see your papers." Luckily the Colonel had
a copy of the New York Tribune- and one of the Philadelphia
Inquirer in his pocket, and luckily, too, a rebel sergeant here said,
"This is the same officer that sent us a paper the other day/*
Tliis was so, the Colonel a week before, when officer of the day.
having effected an exchange of papers with this sergeant through
the medium of one of our men, w lien the sergeant must have
taken a sharp look at the officer who moved so coolly along a
dangerous picket line. "Well," said the good-natured rebel lieu-
tenant, " I guessl will lot you go ; you look as though you were
telling the truth. But I must say you took a good deal of pains
to come so far, and to come in our rear, too."
The Colonel answered thai he got. lost in riding out, and was try-
ing to find his way into cam}) when he rode up to them. Drifting
into a general conversation, each party covertly tried to learn a
little something concerning the other's force on that side of the
river, until the Colonel embraced a good opportunity to make his
adieus. As he rode away with bis eager orderlies riding ar bis
heels, the Confederate officer, on whom the real purpose of the
AT DEEP BOTTOM.
221
/
Colonel's mission had dawned, but who was too honorable to take
back his given word, palled out : " Kemember tins, you can't play
at exchanging papers with me again.'*' With this friendly warn-
ing from the "good fellow/"' as General Hill rightly calls him,
ringing in their cars, the little Union party spurred its horses into
a magnificent burst of speed that quickly took it out of all pos-
sible danger of haTing to obey a recall.
On the 10th of July the rebels ran guns into the battery at the
head of Strawberry Plains and began shelling the gunboats, at the
same time turning a couple of guns on the bluff. A shot that
strack the gunboaf M'endoia killed and wounded several men, and
a horse was killed at brigade headquarters. The gunboats soon
got the range, and the guns were quickly withdrawn. But this
desultory warfare was now to be superseded by operations ordered
by General Grant. Foster's command was to engage in recomioi-
tering the enemy's front.
On the 21st of July the Eleventh crossed to Strawberry Plains
under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hill, Colonel Plaisted
having command of the brigade, while General Foster had that of
the division and General Terry of the corps. General Brooks,
who had been in command of the corps since June 18th, had
resigned his commission on account of wounds and impaired
health. The regiment pushed up along the creek and moved
against the battery, on the river road, that had shelled onr camp.
Eleven prisoners fell into our hands. Then the surprised rebels
■showing in strong force, something like a brigade, the regiment
fell back and returned to the bluff;
On the 22d Hie regiment again crossed to the Plains, and cap-
tured the position it had retired from the day before, driving
away about three hundred of the Hampton Legion. Colonel
Hill's orders were to hold the position if possible, lie sent Ser-
geant-Major Morton to General Foster to report thai lie had cap-
tured the position, but feared that it could not be held during
the night unless a reenforeement of two hundred men was sent
him. The Sergeant-Major returned with instructions to fall back
if the reenforeement did not come by dark, and as it did not, the
command retired io the fortifications on Strawberry Plains.
During this day flic dmsion commander issued the following
special order to the division concerning (he operations of the 21st
and 22 d :
ooo
THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
/
He adquarters, 1st Div. IOtu A. C,
Deep Bottom, Va., July 22, 1SG4.
Special Orders, JYo. T8.
The Brig.-Gen. commanding takes pleasure in acknowledging
the value and importance of the service to the command, rendered
by Lieut. -Col. Hill with the Eleventh Maine Vols., of the 3d
Brigade (Col. H. 1L Plaisted comdg.), in taking and occupying
the position so near the Xewmarket and Malvern Hill road, and
in front of the enemy's position, This position, if maintained, is
of like importance to this command and the enemy. It severs the
enemy's communication with Malvern Hill, and prevents the in-
terruption of navigation at this point, as wc\] as preventing the
annoyance caused by the enemy's batteries stationed near the road.
It was accomplished with slight loss to us, and resulted in the
capture of a number of prisoners, among them a commissioned
officer.
By order of Brig.-Gen. R. S. Foster,
(Signed,) " . P. A. Davis/
Ca/)t. & A. A. Gcnl
Official :
(Signed,) W. L. Savage,
Lieut. & A. D, C.
On the 23d another advance on Strawberry Phi ins was made by
our regiment. The enemy was out in force, but after a sharp
fight we forced our way to the coveted position near the river
road, losing two men killed, and four wounded. Lieutenant- Colo-
nel Hill sent Sergeant-Major Morton to General Foster to report
that the enemy were assuming the ohwnsive, and were pushing
him hard, and. he might not be able to hold the ground he had
taken. General Poster sent him orders to fall back, but Colonel
Hill held his ground until night, when, a regiment of the Xine-
teenth Corps (a portion Of which corps was landing on the river),
coming to our support, Ave continued in position during the night,
lying in line on our arms.
In the early morning of the 24th oar force was moved rapidly
forward by Colonel Hill, ami, despite the determined resistance of
the surprised but undaunted rebels, we drove them from their
works, crossed the road> and forced oar way for some distance
beyond it, thereby completely severing their line of communica-
tion with their forces at Malvern Hill. .After accomplishing this,
the object of the fighting we had been doing on the Plains, we
retired a short distance to a strong position along the road, which
AT DEEP BOTTOM.
22B
/
we turned over to two regiments of the Nineteenth Corps, and
returned to our camp on the bhiff for much-needed rest.
During the day General Foster communicated with Department
Headquarters, as follows, receiving the answer we print with his
communication. :
Head quarters, TJ. S. Forces,
Deep Bottom, Ya., July 2-i, 1864.
Lieut. -Col. Ed. TV. Smith,
A. A. Gen I 10th A. C.
Sir : I have the honor to report that this morning at daylight
the Eleventh Maine (Col. Plaisted), acting under my orders,
advanced and took possession of the enemy's battery, and now
hold it with their picket line about fifty yards beyond and across
the Newmarket and Malvern Hill road,
1 cndcavojvd to take the place yesterday, but it was held by a
strong force, and I could not drive them out without losing more
men than I thought the place worth. The Eleventh Maine lost
yesterday two (2) killed and six (6) wounded. This regiment is
one observing of great credit, having been continually engaged
for three days and nights, and although confronting a superior
force, driving them in every instance.
1 am, respectfully,
Your obcclt, servt.,
(Signed,) It. S. Foster,
Official: Brig. -Gen. Comdg.
(Snmed,) P. A. Davis,
Capt. & A. A. G.
Untied States Military Telegraph.
By Telegraph frojh Department Headquarters.
Dated July 2-1. 1SG4.
To General 11. S. Foster.
The General commanding understands fully the importance of
the service rendered by the Eleventh Maine, and has given them
credit on his book f<>r the full amount. I telegraphed Genl.
Grant last night thai 1' felt confident you would take and hold
that battery now.
(Signed,) G. Weitzel,
Briq.-Gc/i., Chief of Start.
Official: * /
(Signed^,.) ..P. A. Davis.
Capt, & A. A. G.
'idie following paragraph appeared in the newspapers through-
out the country } dated the morning of the very day we were
/
:
224 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT.
contesting the possession of Strawberry Plains wit-b a body of the
enemy that had overwhelmed the troops that had relieved us on
the 24th :
Front .the Army of tlie Potomac— —Important
J'ojiitioii Held by tlie 11th Maine.
New York, July 26. The Army of the Poto-
mac correspondence in the morning papers states
that there are repeated renewals of artillery firing
at different points alone: the line.
The important position at Strawberry Plains is
successfully held by the 11th Maine regiment,
thus effectually preventing the erection of a rebel
battery at a strategic point.
Just before midnight of the 2ath of July the rebels assailed the
regiments of the Nineteenth Corps, that we had left in possession
of the ground we had tdken on the 24th, and drove them into the
works that covered the ponton I-rhlge landing. Oar brigade was
aroused by the firing, and the regiments went into the works on
the blutf in anticipation of a general attack, hi the early morn-
ing of the 26th; the Eleventh was ordered over the creek, and,
with the Tenth Connecticut in support, moved in skirmish, order
through the woods along Due]) Run. As senior officer, Colonel
Plaisted was in command of the two regiments engaged in this
to too
movement, having returned to the command of the Eleventh,
General Foster having resumed that of tlie brigade and Terry of
the division, as Majors-General Birney had assumed command of
the corps on the 23d of July.
Colonel Plaisfced gave Lieutenant-Colonel Hill command of t\\o
advance, keeping tlie Tenth Connecticut within supporting dis-
tance ; and although the enemy was in force and determined to
hold their ground, so judicious were his arrangements, and so
vigorously were the slcirmishers of the Eleventh advanced by
Colonel Hill, that we forced the enemy steadily back, while the
gunboats shelled the woods beyond us, and a battery in the redan
swept the woods to tlie right.
The firing was very severe, and in the afternoon the supply of
ammunition became so low that Sergeant- Major Morton was sent
across the bridge to the camp of the First Maryland Cavalry,
dismounted and serving in our brigade as infantry, for a fresh
supply. By night, although we had not retaken the lost position,
still we had forced out way go far forward as to command the
read with our riiieSj and to alarm the rebels to such an extent
that they were engaged all night in active preparation to assault
AT DEEP BOTTOM.
225
/
at daylight, little thinking that Hancock with his three divisions
oi" infantry, and Sheridan with two of cavalry, were then march-
ing from Petersburg to Strawberry Plains. At dusk, after losing
one man killed and twenty-one wounded, we were relieved by the
Tenth Connecticut, and, retiring to the redan on Strawberry
Plains, we lay in support for the night.
During the da}" we had been reenforced by Companies A and II,
these companies gallantly volunteering to go to the assistance of
their comrades. An unhappy incident of the day was the burst-
ing of one of our gunboat shells among our men. It exploded
prematurely and just behind our center rifle pits — hastily scooped
out pits, unconnected, shallow, with logs forming half their
front ; exploded at just the most dangerous distance, throwing
its fragments among the men, wounding twelve, all mortally or
very seriously .
Chaplain Trumbull, of the Tenth Connecticut, tells in "The
Knightly Soldier" of the work done by the Eleventh on the 26th
as it appeared to the members of the supporting regiment :
i{ After a night under arms in the Deep Bottom mtrenchments,
the Tenth moved over Four Mile Creek to Strawberry Plains,
near HaxalPs Landing, on the morning of July 20th, to assist the
Eleventh Maine m retaking a line of rebel rifle-pits on the Mal-
vern Hill road captured by the latter regiment, and yielded by a
portion of the Nineteenth Corns. The sun and tire, both artil-
lery and musketry, were extremely hot that day. The fighting
was Indian style, man to man, from tree to true, the Union
skirmish line pushing the enemy's back steadily, or rather forcing
a way, wedge-shaped, into it. When evening came the handful
of men from General Foster's command held a salient angle in
the woods, running into the enemy's position of the morning,
where they were fronted and flanked by a superior force/' Then
he tells the story of the aight the Tenth, held the ground we had
wrested from the enemy during the day : "The opposing picket
posts were for a portion of the way within a few yards of each
other ; so that even a heavily drawn breath could be heard across
the line, and conTersatiou in an ordinary tone was distinctly
audible. General Grant had telegraphed an order, just before
night, to hold every inch thai had been gained* he promising help
before morning. The pickets of the Tenth lay concealed in the
low underbrush, li they discovered themselves by the crackling
13
/
226 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
of a twig, they were liable to be silenced by a shot from just in
their front ; and the preparations for the morning., which they
could hear the enemy making, were anything but encouraging.
Artillery was brought down, and so planted that the pickets could
almost have looked into the guiwnuzzies ; while a single discharge
of grape from the battery could sweep them away like chaif from
the enfiladed picket line. They could' hear the braggarts' threats
of annihilation of the venturesome Yankees when the daylight
came,, and. they realized their danger ; yet all who were unwounded
remained there firm and true."
The operations of our regiment on Strawberry Plains were
preliminary to a movement General Grant had planned against
the enemy's left flank, resting on our side of the James, and.
directly in our front. General Walker, Assistant Adjutant-
General of the Second Corps, says in his history of that corps that
General Grant's plan was that the Second Corps and two divisions
of cavalry under Sheridan, making an all-night march, across
Bermuda Hundred, should cross the bridges over the James, and
break the enemy's line* which was not supposed to be held by any
considerable force, driving the Confederate? back to Chapiiv's
Bluff. In the event of Hancock's success, Sheridan was then to
push across the James, and attempt Richmond by a sudden dash.
If, however, as was most probable, the works defending the city
were too strongly held to allow its capture, Sheridan was to pro-
ceed to the north of Richmond, and thoroughly destroy the two
railroads on that side as far as the Anna Hi vers. He was to be
reenforeed by Kautz's cavalry division, from the Army of the
James. And Grant thought, too, that Hancock's movement to
the north of the James might draw away from Petersburg a large
part of its defenders, and prepare the way for exploding Burn-
side's mine.
It was Grant's plan, says General Walker, that the infantry
should cross by the upper bridge, and move at once on Chapin's
Bluil', while the. cavalry, crossing by the lower bridge, should be
making its way towards Richmond. When, however, General
Hancock arrived at Poster's headquarters, he ascertained that
the enemy had drawn a line of works around the upper bridge,
which was held in considerable force. As it seemed undesirable
that tin.' movement which laid luxe] embarked upon should begin,
and perhaps end, with an assault. Genera] Hancock reported the
AT DEEP BOTTOM.
227
l
situation by telegraph to General Meade, who authorized the
infantry to cross by the lower bridge, the cavalry to await their
turn. This, however, constituted a very different situation from
that which had been contemplated. It placed. Bailey's Creek
between Hancock and his objective point, Chapin's Bluff. Should
the stream be found to afford a good natural line of defense, a
force which, could not have fought Hancock an hour on the other
side of the creek might be enabled to resist him, on this side, long
enough to defeat the first purpose of the expedition. Hancock on
his part, appreciating the situation, sought to cross his troops
rapidly, and to push them vigorously up the course of the stream,
with a view to seizing if not one, then another of its crossings.
General Foster, meanwhile, undertook to threaten the enemy
holding the works against the upper bridge, and thus prevent
their being detached to move up the creek.
We were present at the crossing of HaneoeVs troops, and saw
the skirmishers of Mott's division — three regiments from General
Miles's brigade accompanied by himself — as they moved across the
fields towards the enemy's position on the river road, and, attack-
ing by the kank, drive them away, capturing the four 20~pound
Parrott guns brought down in the night for the destruction of our
little force. The captors were materially aided in securing these
guns by the Tenth Connecticut, whose men, from their position
covering the river road, opened such a hot fire as to make it
impossible for horses to be brought down to haul the guns oif.
General Walker goes on to say that, after the enemy wore driven
from this position, and from one on the. right toward Malvern
Hill, a
was elea
to tl
lent of the ikiuev'
Creek line, they were found in well-constructed works, appar-
ently well manned and covered by abatis. The position as devel-
oped was one of great natural strength, tin? creek itself, as stated
by General Morgan (.Chief of Staff of the Second. Corps), being
an obstacle that could not be passed by a line of battle, while the
intervening ground, being perfectly open, could be swept from
end to end by both musketry and artillery fire. A close inspec-
tion showing that the result ol an assault would be doubtful,
everything was now bent to turning the enemy's flank, To this
end the cavalry nloved out on the right, and after a spirited light
found tha
tie enemy s line
sharply refused beyond Pas-elks
Mill. Then Gibbon's division was let! to hold the front, while
228 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Mott's and Barlow's divisions mored to the support of the cav-
alry. Barlow made a vigorous reconnoissance along their right,
but could not find the extreme flank of the enemy, who was now
being heavily reinforced.
While these operations were going on. General Grant rode over
the river, at about three o'clock in the afternoon, and visited the
front. Owing to the great length, of the Union line he failed to
find Hancock, but left a note telling him that lie had ridden along
the line and did not see that much was likely to result from the
movement, but still desired the cavalry to be released for its
movements against Richmond, if possible. Then, in the evening,
after reaching City Point, the Lieutenant-Genera] telegraphed
General Meade, who forwarded the despatch to General Hancock.
This is a copy of the dispatch :
City Point, 9-10 p.m.
The position occupied by Hancock, would give Sheridan no pro-
tection in returning by way of Bottom's Bridge. I do not want
him to go unless the enemy is driven into Ghapin's Bluff, or back
to the city, otherwise he would be compelled to return north of
the Chiekahominy, and it would be two or three weeks before his
cavalry would be fit for other service. I do not want Hancock to
assault intrenched lines, but I do want him to remain another
clay and, if he can, with the assistance of the cavalry, turn the
enemy's position and drive him away. It looks to me as if tin:'
cavalry might move well out and get in rear of the enemy.
(Signed,) IT. S, Grant,
lAcutenant-Gen&rtil.
But the enemy were now too heavily reinforced to allow Grant's
hopes to be realized. And they were inclined to assume the offen-
sive, for on the morning of the 28th Kershaw's division attacked
Sheridan, and at first drove his cavalry ; but they dismounted,
advanced, and beat the enemy back, capturing three hundred
prisoners and two colors. There was considerable lighting all
through the 28th, and on the 29th Hancock and Sheridan,
although weakened by the withdrawal of Mott's division, the
night, before, to Bermuda Hundred to enable the Eighteenth
Corps to move to the scene of the expected explosion and assault —
all through the day, these officers kept up such a series of bold
demonstrations thai Lee feu certain thai it was the intention of
the Union army to force its way to Richmond by way of the north
side, and kept reenforcing his force there until live-eighths of the
AT DEEP BOTTOM.
229
rebel army, infantry and cavalry, lay before us. When night fell,
the infantry of the Second Corp took up a line of march for
Petersburg, the cavalry followed, and when day broke on the 30th
our brigade was the only force on the north bank confronting
several divisions of Lee's army.
"While the Second Corps and the cavalry were crossing the
bridge on the morning of the 27th of July, the Eleventh remained
near the redan, and it was from here that we watched Miles's
skirmishers flank the rebel position on the left and capture the
four 20-pound Parrotts, and saw the spirited attack made on the
right by another force, which, resulted in the withdrawal of the
enemy from that position. Hancock and Sheridan established
their headquarters at the redan, and. for a time sat on horseback
anions our men Watching the progress of the attacking detach-
ments. Hancock was then a fall, slender officer, with longish light-
brown hair, mustache, imperial, and chin -whiskers, while Sheri-
dan was short, rotund, darker, and close cropped. Bot h sat their
horses as only perfect horsemen and hard riders cam and both
puffed away at their cigars, and both seemed as nattered as
amused by the admiring glances and the not always low-spoken
remarks of our nun.
During the forenoon our regiment returned to the bluff, and
under command of Major Baldwin moved out in front of our works,
with the other regiments of our brigade, and made the threaten-
ing demonstration General .-_ Poster had promised General. Han-
cock. We did boVbecoihe seriously engaged, nor was it intended
that we should, but that we should keep the enemy anxiously
expecting an assault (bar would not be delivered. In this way we
kept a heavy force in our front, so far relieving Hancock's.
In the evening our brigade retired behind the works, where we
lay on our arms for the night. In the morning of the 28th our
brigade moved to its front again, to continue its demonstration.
In the afternoon the Eleventh was ordered over to Strawberry
Plains, and was stai ioned near the redan, to serve as a headqua] ters
guard and special reserve. While we were occupying this honor-
able position. General Grant and his staff crossed the bridge, and
rode to tne front, returning later on, and after making a short,
stay at headquarters recrossed the bridge, and rode away towards
City Point.
A large number of rebel prisoners were brought down, to head-
230
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
quarters in the afternoon, where they were halted for a while.
One of these prisoners told Sergeant-Major Morton that their loss
on the 20ih, while fighting our regiment, was very large, and that
in one of the sudden and unexpected assaults Colonel Hill led,
they lost full forty men in ten minutes. He said that their losses
during the operations of our regiment against them wove thought
to number full 300 in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The troops
we had confronted were of Kershaw's division of Lougstrect's corps,
then commauded by Anderson, Longstreet not having jet recovered
from the wound he received in the Wilderness. Kershaw's whole
division had occupied the works at Deep Bottom for some weeks.
We remained at headquarters during the night of the 28th, and on
the morning of the 29th returned to the bluff, remaining in camp
during the day, although still under arms. About sunset We went
on fatigue duty, strengthening the works and adding to the slash-
ing, working all night — a bright moonlight one ; this, as Hancock
and Sheridau were retiring, and it was expected that daylight
would be the signal for an onslaught, by the heavy rebel force in
our front. In the early morning of the 30th we returned to our
works, and, taking position with the regiments of our brigade,
awaited an attack ; but none coming, we finally went into camp,
thoroughly tired out with our ten days of continuous service in
skirmishing, fatigue, and picket duty.
The casualties of t)\Q. regiment during these operations on Straw-
berry Plains were as follows :
Company E.
July 2lst
Wounded, Private Ob
Jv.hi 23d,
•les H. Bean
Company C. — Wounded, Corporal Nelson H. Norris.
Company P. — Wounded. Private Ira Ik Toothaker.
Company I. — Killed, Corporal Charles G. Warren ; Private
George H. Spiller. Wounded, Private Justus E. H uif.
Company K,^— Wounded, Private Stephen Thurston.
July 2Qth.
Company C. — Wounded, Privates James R, Ash, James X.
Leigh toil, John H, Parker. George H. Robinson.
Company B. — Killed, Private Moses M. Burse. Wounded, Cap-
tain Francis W. Wiswell ; Corporals Kenncy, C. Lowell, Lacassard
AT DEEP BOTTOM.
231
Lassdil ; Privates Horace II. Burse, Parker W. Leach, George A.
Beals, Robert H. Lowell.
Company G. — Wounded,, Corporal Horace S. Mills; Privates
Charles A. Douglas, Frank Johnson, Samuel B. Norton, Charles
W. Royal, Everett B. Small, Archibald Taggart, Simon Wood.
Company II. — Wounded, Private Joseph Meader.
Company I. — 'Wounded, Private Charles H. Corson.
Killed, 3 : wounded, 26— total, 29.
CHAPTER XXIII.
THE BATTLE Of DEEP BOTTOM.
The Tenth Connecticut Attacked— A. Night Attack — Volunteers for the
Dutch Gap Canal — A Military Execution — Marching Orders — The
Coming of Hancock — Baldwin Leads the Attack — Hill Assumes
Command as Baldwin Falls — The General Assault — We Capture the
Enemy's Outworks — The Second Corps Repulsed— Casualties.
There was complete, quiet in our front during July 30th and
until in the afternoon of August 1st, when the enemy attacked
the picket line, Mid by the Tenth Conn-client. After a severe
fi.ffb.fc, this attack, evidently a reconnaissance in force, was beaten
oft by the Tenth. We manned our works in anticipation of a
general attack.
Id the early evening of August 3d a hundred men of the
Eleventh went on board a gunboat to make a night attack on a
rebel position, but by some mismanagement they were not landed
in time to make the attempt successful, so returned to camp in
the morning, leaving one man, George C. Gould, Company K, a
prisoner in the enemy's hands.
August 7th, orders came from corps headquarters calling for
one hundred men to volunteer for fatigue work in the Dutch
Can Cnnal. The men were to have a special payment of ei. ht
cents an hour and were to work seven and a half hours a day.
About one hundred men volunteered from our regiment.
In the afternoon of August 8th a deserter from the Twenty-
fourth Massachusetts was shot in the presence of the brigade.
The man had deserted from his regiment while if was stationed
at Newbern, North Carolina, and took an opportunity to desert
baek into the Union lines, expecting to be received as a rebel
deserter and sent North in Liberty, lie came into our lines at the
G rover House, where, as fate would have it, a detachment of the
Twenty-fourth was stationed for the day. Even then he might
have escaped recognition, were it not that a sharp-eyed drummer
boy of his old company was present. Recognized, lie was impris-
oned, tried, convicted, and sentenced to he shot.
Major Camp, o^i the Tenth Connecticut, then its adjutant,
THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM.
loo
was deeply affected by the sad spectacle of a military execution,
the first he had witnessed, and at the time wrote a sketch of the
scene,, from which we quote : (i At half -past three the regiments
of the brigade were formed, each upon its own parade ground,
and then marched to a wide, open plain, bounded on one side by
a gentle slope. Here they formed on three sides of a hollow
square, the fourth being the vacant, hillside, where was a newly
dug grave, with fresh earth heaped beside it. The proceedings
of the court-martial and the order for the execution were now
read to each regiment by their respective adjutants. Meantime a
small column was slowly approaching the place. In the center
was a wagon containing the prisoner, securely fettered. A priest
rode with him; a strong guard marched in front and rear. At
their head a baud played plaintive funeral mu^ic, swelling
solemnly above a heavy undertone of muffled drums. In the
distance they hardly seemed to move, and the sound of the dead
march came softly to our ears. At length they drew near, ap-
proaching with slow, measured tread ; the drum-beat a deep,
subdued roll of thunder, the notes of the wind instruments a
piercing wail, as they passed, before us and halted opposite the
grave. Then all was silence* Every eye was turned toward one
spot, every ear attentive. But for the impatient stamping of
officers' horses and those of the cavalry squadron drawn up on
the hillside, there was hardly more sound than if the place was
the same solitary field it had been before armies encamped and
marched upon Virginia soil.
" The prisoner left the wagon ; he seemed to step firmly and
boldly upon the ground, but we were too distant to see the
expression which his face wore. The priest was by his side.
They knelt by the grave, and prayer was oil'ered, inaudible to
any but the condemned. Then a platoon of twelve men, led by
an officer, halted a, few paces in front of the spot, and faced
toward it. The officer advanced, and read to the prisoner the
proceedings of the court and its sentence — a cruel formality it
seemed, a needless lengthening of a terrible suspense. Did the
prisoner wait with nervous impatience, as we did, for the worst to
come ? or did he wish each sentence was a volume, that he might
cling a little longer to life? The reading was finished, a broad
white bandage was bound about his eyes^ and, with arms firmly
pinioned behind his back, he was made to kneel upon his coffin
234
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
of unpenned pine, which had been placed before the grave.
Then for the first time the priest left, his side, and all fell back
who had stood around him. There was a hush, in comparison
with which the former silence had been tumult.
' ■ The officer in command of the firing party waved his sword ;
each piece was brought to a ready ; again, and they were leveled
in aim; the third time, and a quick, sharp volley sounded
through a cloud of smoke. The blindfolded, pinioned form
tottered for a moment, then bent forward and pitched heavily to
the ground. There was a long breath of relief drawn by each
who looked on — it was over. Was it ? There might be yet a
doubt. The officers stepped forward with a surgeon to examine
the body, which lay prone and motionless in its suit of rebel gray.
The lungs still feebly expanded, and a low mo&n seemed to issue
from them. Mere mechanical action, the surgeon thought ; but
a platoon which had been held in reserve was speedily ordered
up, a second volley was fired, and life at length was pronounced
utterly extinct. Then the whole force was wheeled into column
and marched slowly past the corpse, a gory, ghastly sight, tying
where it fell, pierced with twenty bullets."
Many of us had witnessed just such a sad scene before — that of
the execution of a deserter on the seashore of Morris Island, lie
had been a rebel soldier, it was said: had deserted into the Union
lines, was released, and finally enlisted in a New Hampshire regi-
ment, then attempted to desert back into the rebel lines from
Black Inland. He was captured by our pickets while making the
attempt, was tried, - convicted, sentenced, and executed in the
presence of all the troops on the island. And late in the fall of
1804 there were many executions of men caught in attempting
to desert to the enemy; so many as to season the nerves of the
unwilling witnesses. These deserters were corraled r* bounty
jumpers " mostly, who hoped to get rid of service in any army.
»So many were there of these that shooting gave way to more
ignominious hanging, and even this soon ceased to affect the
sensibilities of the men. 1 recall that it was a rough joke in our
regiment that the company cooks would hover around a gallows
tree until its victim was lowered, when they would scramble for
the sticks it was made of to cut up for their cook-fires. And
Captain Perkins, then commanding Company D, writes now,
with evident self-gratulation, that the cooks of that redoubtable
THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM.
235
company wore, rarely unsuccessful in securing the ghouly prizes
they strove for.
It is very gratifying to us to remember that no member of our
regiment was executed. We had deserters, as we know, but none
tried to reach the enemy — all, or nearly all, failing to return from
furloughs, or deserting after the war ended. It was a proud day
for me when in Boston in December, 1804, to read in a morning
paper that General Butler had relieved the Eleventh Maine by a
Special Order from attending military executions, as they, having
no deserters, needed no warning.
Perhaps the consideration and. the humane treatment dealt out
by our officers of all ranks to our share of the Waifs and strays
large bounties had tempted from all parts of the world — from all
pails of Europe and even from Asia — to enlist in our armies at
this eleventh hour of the war kept our wild men from deserting.
Our officers and non-commissioned officers were trained to con-
sider themselves as cc officers.. and gentlemen, " as the Articles of
War phrase it, the former wearing the straps that the latter were
striving to deserve. And all our officers and commanders were
taught to control with a firm hand, without the aid of the brutal
punishments in vogue in in any regiments.
As a whole, regiments take their tone from their commanding
officers ; and those of the Eleventh — Caldwell, Plaisted, Hill — were
kindly commanders, always appealing to the best there was in
their men, whether in camp or field, and their example and moni-
tions were copied by all their officers, from captains to corporals.
But we did punish sometimes, and when we did, it was up to
the full measure of the misdemeanor — but always without malice.
Never in our regiment was seen the sight some of us saw at Carver
Barracks, when an artillery officer had a drunken artilleryman
strapped to a spare wheel, strapped and gagged ; and while the
wretch struggled and groaned in his distress — for to be strapped
to a wheel, with hack bent over the hub and the weight half-
hanging on stretched out legs and arms, cannot be a comfortable
position — while the wretch struggled, groaned, and cursed as best
he could, the officer stood over him and raved and cursed in
shocking rivalry, with the men of the battery standing with
scowling faces, only kept from wreaking vengeance for their com-
rade by the knowledge that it would be mutiny, and that the pun-
ishment for mutiny was death.
236
THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
We aimed to shame our culprits rather than to martyrize'
them, Standing on the head of a barrel was apt to make a man
look and feel ridiculous. And when sent to the guard-house, the
necessity of doing the foulest camp-cleaning while a prisoner
rather took away from the pleasure of idleness ; and when tied up
by the thumbs, the knowledge that he need only keep his painful
tiptoe position until he would beg pardon and promise -better
fashions soon brought him to his senses.
Some one of our shrewd Yankee officers invented a cure for
cowardice, too — one that worked like a charm. When two men
retreated in an action long before the word to fall back was given,
they found that the necessity of standing in an elevated position
on a roadside with a placard with the word {< Coward " on each
one's breavt, and at a time when the division was passing along
the road, with every passing soldier throwing a more or less witty
verbal brickbat, was dreadfully mortifying ; and their experience
not only stiffened the knees of these particular recreants when
they were next in action, but undoubtedly the memory of it
helped many another chap to stay in line, who in his heart
believed that there was wisdom and truth in the old ditty which
tells us that—
"He who fights and rims away,
May live to fight another day."
During the forenoon of the 13fch of August the regiments of
our brigade received orders lo bo ready to march with three day-'
rations. There was much speculation as to our destination, but,
the majority favored the idea that we were going to the Shenan-
doah Valley, where the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps, and other
forces under Sheridan, were now operating against Early. And
the majority rather hoped that we were, for Sheridan was a dash-
ing leader, and ".the Valley" was a wide field, not like Deep
Bottom, where we could not stretch our \>:.g^ without butting
against rebel abatis, batteries, parapets, and rifle pits, all in the
sturdy charge of men of 4> Longstreefs corps."
On the evening of the 13th our regiment went on picket, with
Major Baldwin in command. Y\'e picketed the woods from
Bailey's Oftek toward tie
was really a heavy skirmish liu<
Our picket line, with its reserve
it Bermuda Hundred, and
quite prepared to attack an intrenched picket line or to resist any
THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM. 237
1
attacking force short of a line of battle. And when reed were.
we could stand up against a line of battle even, given the cover of
a stout wood growth, where a tree could be gained by each man
of us, and the enemy's line must stand "shoulder to shoulder "
— not an unequal match either, while we could keep them at rifle-
shot length.
In the night, a sultry one, with little air stirring anywhere,
none at all in the woods, so that we of the picket line were all
restless and wakeful from the heat, we could hear the rumble of
artillery wagons crossing the bridges from the south shore, and i
the trampling of a host of cavalry horses as the}* took the same
road. We could not tell bv which bridge they were crossing.
The sound was evidently deadened by hay thai had been strewed
over the bridges, but still the dull roar of artillery wheels and the
clattering of iron-shod hoofs came clearly to our ears, and then
after a time there was a continual screeching of boat whistles,
indicating that a large number of steamers were gathering along
our river front. What'it meant we did not really know, but it
seemed to many of us as if our dream of a stirring campaign in
the Shenandoah Valley was to remain a dream. Still, some
sturdily contended for a time that what we were hearing was but
the arrival of a relieving force. But as the artillery rolled, and
the horses tramped, arid the whistles blew, it became plain to
these even that the crossing force was much too large for a mere
relieving one. There could be but one other meaning — for we
knew the sign- of the times — and we went to sleep, those that
did sleep, with the firm conviction that when we woke ii would
be to fall into line to learn what sort of soldiers occupied the
retxldoni in our immediate front. The knowledge would cost,
that we well knew; bait what has a soldier to do with cost ? and few
if nny of our sleepers let the prospect of a fight in the morning
disturb their rest. And judging by reason, and our experience
the next morning, it is more than probable that the pickets of the
enemy were equally veil informed <>f the prospect for the morning,
for What we could hear so plainly could hardly escape their watch-
ful attention. They not only heard and judged rightly, but
passed the word back to their line of battle.
What it all meant, was thai. General Grant bad received infor-
mation that Genera] Lee was strongly reenforcing Early, and
believed the re enforcements were so largely taken from the troops
288
THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT,
on the north side of the James as to give a chance for a more suc-
cessful operation on that side of the river than the late one had
been. The troops to be engaged in this second attempt were
largely those engaged in the first — the Second Corps, part of the
Tenth, and a cavalry force under General Gregg — all to be under
Hancock's command. But instead of marching directly across
the river as before, Hancock's corps was to embark on transports
at City Point and move down the river in the afternoon, to give
the Confederate spies the idea that it was going to the Valley, hut
under the cover of the night the transports were to run back to
Deep Bottom, the troops were to disembark at Strawberry Plains,
move rapidly in the morning, turn the enemy^s line on Bailey's
Creek, ami push for Itichmoud. The part of the Tenth Corps
men in the programme was feat we wore to assault in. our front
at daybreak, carry the works, and move up the Kingsland, Varina,
and Mill Kiver roads, all near the river bank.
The night wore away, and daylight camo. Just as the rays of the
rising sun were flooding wood and field and meadow with golden
light — a typical summer Sunday morning — there came a sudden
riding of mounted officers, sharp, quick commands, a rapid falling
into line of the reserves to deploy instantly as skirmishers. Then
came the command. " Forward, " and the line rushed forward,
swallowing pickets and vedettes in its course, and within the time
of the telling of it, almost, was met fall in the face by the deadly
fire of a strong and watchful enemy.
Major Baldwin reports, of this morning's attack :
''About three o'clock in the morning an aid from General
Foster rode up ami handed me an order. It read, i You will charge
the enemy's line at daybreak/ The;,' was no time for delay. I
directed Captain Sabine to attend to the formation of the right
wing of the regiment, while I did the same on the left. The dis-
position had hardly been made when the Tenth Connecticut
moved up on the left, and in a minute the whole division appeared
marching up in our rear. The order was given to charge, and
the men threw their rifles over their shoulders and rushed forward
without attempting to lire a shot. Colonel Plaisted and Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Hill had now arrived upon the ground and assumed
their positions. The Eleventh outstripped the flanking regiments
in the race, so that suddenly our left flank was exposed, and, as
wc were nearimi the further vdi^c of the woods, it was enfiladed bv
THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM. 239
a murderous lire from a body of rebels concealed among fallen
trees. I ordered a charge on this force, and drove the rebels from
their position. I then ordered the left to advance again. The
men sprang to their feet and rushed forward, but the satisfaction
of going with them was denied me, for 1 was now wounded*
slightly in the left knee and severely through the right thigh,
and at the same instant that Captain Sabine was mortally
j • ■ wounded in the head/'"
As Major Baldwin fell, Lieutenant- Colonel Hill sprang to the
j front and urged the men forward. Swiftly advancing his line, he
placed it close to that of the enemy, and for an hour a deadly duel
raged between the two lines. Did a man show himself on either
side, a score of bullets sped for him, and as the officers of the two
lines ran backwards and forwards to keep their men to their work
and to see that their wounded were taken away, bullets whistled
around their ears in hail-showers. Our loss was heavy. So thin
did our line become that the men were a little nervous and
wavered as a fierce rebel yell told that they were charging; but
instantly, Plaisted, Hill— every officer, commissioned and nun-
commissioned — was rushing forward as if to meet the assailants,
alone if need be, and the men rallied and drove the enemy
back.
Then came a lull in the fighting, during which the Twenty-
fourth Massachusetts came marching up in double column, and,
reaching the skirmish line, took tip the double quick, sprang past
us, and, setting up a tremendous cheer, rushed on the enemy's
iutrenehumuts, But not alone; to the right and the left, from
the Tenth Connecticut and the Eleventh Maine, sounded the
charging cry, and the three regiments rushed on the enemy's line
with such vigor as to break it instantly; and the rebels, surprised
by the unexpected assault, i\vd to their main works, leaving some
prisoners in our hands.
We found stacked guns and the remains of a half-eaten break-
fast behind the captured works, showing that the rebels had taken
advantage of the lull in (lie fighting to break their fast, and that
many >j± them were ±u panic-stricken as to leave oven thing behind
them. Our men, breakfastless, snatched at the rebel rations of
freshly cooked bread, cooked in the peculiar Southern style (in
Dutch ovens covered with coals), and at '.In1 strips of fat bacon,
ami while waiting for the arrival of their own cooks with baked
240 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
beans and coffee satisfied the sharp monitions of their healthy
Yankee appetites with the captured food.
Orders how came to General Birney to halt his advance, as the
Second Corps had not been able to land and attack at daybreak, as
the plan of attack called on them to do, their orders directing that
they should attack with us, and General Walker says that firing-
began on our front at five o'clock. The same officer says that, as
the night was dark, the movements of the steamers were slow, and
that constant showing of lights and blowing of whistles had to be
resorted to in order to prevent collisions in the narrow stream,
that it was 2.30 A.M. before the disembarkation began, and that,
as there were but three wharves along the Strawberry Plains shore,
steamers had to wait for others to unload, the largest steamer, one
enrrving a whole brigade, grounding in the stream to remain
there several hours.
Mott's division had not disembarked until forty minutes past
seven, four hours after it should have been on shore to effect the
contemplated surprise. At the same hour Barlow's command had
landed, except the brigade on the grounded steamer. This delay
accounts somewhat for the failure of the expedition, which was
based on an attempt to surprise the enemy, ami break through
their lines before reinforcements could reach them. But it is
about impossible to move an expedition on any large scale without
the enemy gaining an idea of the possible destination, whatever
the ostensible one may be. And this one was no exception to the
rule, so that' General Lee was well prepared to meet it. The fact
is, the expedition across the James had been undertaken upon
erroneous information. General Grant believed that three divi-
sions had been sent to reenforce Early. Only one, however (Ker-
shaw's), had actually gone. Field's division, of Longs tree t's
corps, had remained in the Deep Bottom and Bailey's Creek in-
trenchments : Wilcox's division, of Hill's corps, was at Chapm's
Bin if, ready to move down and reenforce Field ; while Mahone's
division, also of Hill's corps, with Hampton's and W. H. F. Lee's
cavalry divisions, were, on the first intimation of Hancock's move-
ment, sent across the James to meet the impending attack.
General Hancock intended that General Barlow should move out
rapidly and assault near FusselFs Mill with the greater part of two
divisions (he commanded his own, and had supervision of Gen-
t-nil Gibbon's while thai officer was absent on a short leave), when
THE BATTLE OF DEEP BOTTOM.
241
by mere weight of numbers lie would have broken through the
enemy's line, which at that point was thinly held. But it was
four o'clock in the afternoon before Barlow assaulted, and
then with only one brigade of Gibbon's division, and unsuccess-
fully. Barlow's example of bravery and daring was admirable,
but his troops would not respond to the commands to assault, two
brigades, and these the two most famous in the Army of the Poto-
mac, flatly refusing to assault the enemy's intrench men ts.
It was a terribly hot day in open ground. General Walker says
that " the columns moving out from the landing passed between
men lying on both sides of the road, literally struck dead by the
heat, and that before noon General Mott reported to him that in two
small regiments of Ids division 105 men had been prostrated by
the heat." •Phis terrible exposure accounts for the dislike of the
men to attack intrenched lines since their experiences in May and
June, during which months the best and bravest of the old Second
Corps had fallen in the Wilderness, and along the line of battles
that had brought Grant to the James. Still, those left were brave
men, and in subsequent engagements showed the gallantry that has
made the clover-leaf badge famous in history ; but they wanted
something like even terms, and could not be induced to believe
that it was possible to charge across open fields on intrenched bat-
teries, with the galling fire of the well-protected veterans of the
Army of Northern Virginia sweeping through their ranks.
"Follow me, men, follow me/' shouted a general officer riding
rapidly to the head of their recoiling column, as if determined to
charge the enemy's works, if lie must do so, alone. Poi a moment
there was a hush, as the men swayed back and forth in the edge
of the sheltering woods, but not forward into the storm of lead
sweeping the field. Then an Irish voice rang out fiercely, " We'll
folly ye to liell"; then, dropping tea wheedling tone, continued,
"But don't ye think 'twud be wiser to go by a longer road. Gen-
eral ?" A roar of laughter greeted this Hibernian hit. and half-
laughing, half-angry, the discomfited general gave the word to fail
back.
"While the Second Corps was making its slow progress into
action, the enemy in our front had retreated to their main line,
from which bhoy opened a sharp artillery lire. This line was across
a, wide held, ami so formidable in appearance thai an assault was
not ordered. If was part of the one described by General Morgan
10
242
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Id the July movement of the Second Corps as too strong to be
attempted with much chance of success, and it was now even more
formidable than then, the enemy having added largely to its mili-
tary attractions in the meantime.
We spent the day in holding the ground we had taken, the onh
advance taking place in the afternoon, when a forward movement
of our brigade against an as yet unabandoncd outlying position of
the enemy resulted in the capture of four ten-inch mortars from
the rebels. At night we fell in, and, crossing the rebel front,
reached the Hewmarket road, where we took position, lying on
our arms for the night.
Oar losses for August 14th at Deep Bottom were as follows :
Field. — Wounded. Major Charles P. Baldwin.
Comyany A. — Killed. Private Moses Grass. Wounded/Private
Aaron Gomery.
Company B. — Wounded, Sergeant Philip II. Andrews; Corporal
William Rush ton ; Privates Charles M. Prebble, Ezekiel Scott.
Company C— Killed, Corporal James E. McGinness; Privates
Solon S. Beadle, Charles M. Urann, Wounded, First Sergeant
Charles W. Bridgham; Sergeant Allen M. Cole; Corporal John A.
Hammond ; Privates Elijah S. Kelley, William H. Newcomb,
Wilder Pratt, Ezra Smith, Benjamin D. Willey, David H. Young.
Company J).— Killed, Privates John Hall, Harvey C. Shep-
ard, John N. Stanley. Wounded, Corporals Josiah E. Keene,
William P. Weymouth; Privates Samuel A. Bragdon, Alfred C.
Butler, Erancis Collins, William Sherman, Charles i). Starbird,
Adalbert Stratton.
Company E-- Wound ed, Privates William R. Downs, William
H. Kineaid, Tattle D. Leathers.
Company F. — Killed, Private Andrew MeCicve. Wounded,
Private Samuel H. Stacy.
Company (?.— Killed, Corporal Amos W. Briggs. Wounded,
Captain Erancis W, Sabine; Sergeant Ceorge Payne; Privates
Leonard E. BlaekweJl, Charles E. Campbell, William 11. Peva,
Wilbert C. White.
Company L — Wounded, Corporal Albion W. Pendcxter; Pri-
vates Charies H: Corson, Orrin P. Hi b hard.
Carayann K. — Killed, Private David Peabody. Wounded, Cor-
poral John B. Alden ; Private Roger A. Erskine.
Killed, 10 ; wounded, 3S-^-total, -is.
CHAPTER XXIV.
THE BATTLES OE DEEP RUN AND FUSSELl/S MILL.
On Reserve — Form for Assault — Carry the Enemy's First Lino — A Terri-
ble Rifle Fire — A Momentary Check— A Desperate Assault — Our Left
Enfiladed — A Graphic Pen Picture by Sergeant Miller — Our Los.s in
Officers — Captain Merrill in Command — Regiments on our Flight Fall
Back — The Fight for Our Flag — The Final .Assault — Our Rapid Re-
treat — Reform Quickly and Check Pursuit-^— Casualties— The Dash of
Gregg and Allies — Throwing up Intrenchments — Skylarking — The
Assault at Fussell's Mill— Nearly a Panic— Fall Pack to the Right-
Retreat to the James — At Deep Bottom again.
With the morning of the loth of August came a drizzling rain.
There was skirmishing along the front, but we lay on reserve for
the day, so were not engaged. Only one of our men was wounded,
Private Benjamin F. Griffin, of Company P, by shrapnel. In-
deed, there was no heavy attack during the day, it passing with
General Biraey searching, with Tenth Corns brigades not engaged
the day before, for the enemy's left, when he was to assault with
the whole of his corps, while General Gregg covered its Hank with
his cavalry. The Second Corps held the line to the river, massed
in readiness to take advantage of any break in the enemy's line.
But Birney took so wide a circuit that it was night before he got
into position. At night we went into bivouac, still on reserve, in
a grove of beautiful trees, through which ran a brook of line
water. The commissary teams came up, rations were served out,
camp fires lighted, and the cooks prepared supper. Then we lay
around the company fires behind our slacked guns, and slept the
night away. At daybreak we were aroused, and coffee, already
prepared, was served out. Then we fell in and marched to the
front, tii rew out skirmishers, and quickly found ourselves under
fire.
"•On resarve," said an Irishman of the Second Corps, "yis,
resarved for the heavy ioighting," and his sally became a corps
joke; and Foster's brigade immd that the "heavy foighting" was
just what it had been reserved for on the loth.
Our assaulting column consisted of Terry's division (in which
244
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
was our brigade) and Craig's brigade of the Second Corps. The
enemy's works were held by "Wilcox's and Mahone's divisions.
We moved backwards and forward.-;, to the right and left, for
some hours in getting into position ; now crossing an open field,
when we were raked by the enemy's artillery, and then moving
through woods where were the enemy's skirmishers, when they
would open a furious musketry fire upon us. At last we took
position in a thick woods, and lay* down in line of buttle. We
were so close to the enemy's outer line that the bullets of the
volleys they swept the woods with flew over -and among us, and
men were killed and wounded while the line was nervously await-
ing the order to charge. During this time Colonel Plaisted sat
on the ground, surrounded, by his oraeers, explaining to them the
plan of attack and the nature of the ground., we must charge over
from a rough chart that he held in his hand.
It was nearly ten o'clock before an aid. came hurrying down
with the order to advance. Then our line arose and sprang for-
ward, with a wild, hurrah that sounded far to the right of us and
somewhat to the left. Almost immediately we were subjected to
the most severe fro we were ever under. Ho mere skirmish line
this, but an outlying line of battle. The woods fairly rang with
the screeching of the bullets ; still we pushed on, when suddenly
the First Maryland, on our right, fell back ; not directly back, but
obliquing into our own now swaying line, and in another second,
in spite of the shouts of their maddened officers, the men of the
two regiments were falling back in confused mass. But it was
not only our regiments that the terrible fire threw into confusion ;
the whole line of assault was staggered and hailed by it. For
myself, I sprang to a tree and clung to it. A burly sergeant of the
First Maryland sought its skelter too, and we hugged it in
company, pressing closely to each oilier as we heard bullets strik-
ing the farther side of the tree, both half-ashamed of our position,
both half-amused, and both fully determined to keep our shelter
until the storm was over. As a glimpse of a dream, I remember
that almost at our feet a soldier lay dying from a wound in the
throat, the blood flowing in spouting jets as he gasped in his last
agonies.
As soon as the terrible lire slackened, (lie men of our regiment
shook themselves clear of the dismounted cavalry, closed up their
shattered line, and formed v\ith the Hanking regiments that were
THE BATTLES OP DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL'S MILL. 245
getting their own staggered columns into formation. A minute,
and all were ready to go in again,, and as General Foster rode on
the scene,, galloping along the line of his brigade to make sure
that his regiments were making ready for another rush, and rode
up to the Eleventh, calling out, "Forward, boys!" we rushed
ahead, and before the enemy could repeat, the withering tactics of
a few minutes before, had driven them headlong from their rifle
pits and were pursuing them to their main intrench ments under
a heavy fire poured on us from their main line, which ran along
a ridge of ground covered by a wide slashing of heavy -bodied trees,
felled in all directions. In charging through it the men were
somewhat protected by the heavy logs, and fortunately, too, the
enemy must fire down, hill, giving a tendency to overshooting,
else not so many of us as did would have reached the crest of the
hill. Before we did, many had tumbled headlong among the
fallen logs, and how any of us reached it, few can tell, but many
of us did, the rebels retiring with more rapidity than grace as we
poured into their works.
Beyond the captured line we saw a smooth field of perhaps a
hundred and fifty yards in width, dipping into a wood-bordered
run. It was to this run that the enemy had withdrawn, and from
it they kept up a rapid fire on us, our men returning it with the
more spirit that we had found, besides many dead and wounded
rebels, boxes of cartridges strewed along the enemy's side of the
works, cartridges that fitted our guns perfectly, so furnishing us
witli a much-needed supply of ammunition.
But the lire that annoyed us most was an enfilading one from
across a run beyond the left flank of pur regiment. Beyond this
run, on higher ground than we occupied, the enemy had built
works to sweep the front of the works we had just taken. From
here, snuglv ensconced behind a difficult run, and hidden from
us by a stout growth of trees, left standing to mark their position,
they swept our flank with a terrible tire. Efforts were made to dis-
lodge them by sending brigades down our front (o charge the run,
but the cross-fire the charging brigades were subjected to forced
them to retreat to cover.
The rebels now advanced from this run, and drove the brigade
on our left across the run we had charged through. This brigade
had failed to carry the enfilading work thai it found in its front,
and had taken shelter among the trees in the slushing before it.
246 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
WLmmg driven them Lack into the edge of the woods, the rebels
pressed so closely on the flank of our brigade that the left regi-
ment was forced to change front to cover this flank, now swept by
a terrible artillery and musketry fire. Sergeant Edwin J. Miller,
of Company C, wrote a graphic account of this battle, in which, is
the following concerning this movement :
"Batteries which were stationed beyond, the range of our
mtiskets, in front and flank, redoubled their efforts against us ;
shells screeched, sputtered, and crashed through the trees, and
bounded along the earth ; bullets sang and whistled about us, and
gave a peculiar thud as they severed human bones and laid low
good and brave mem Hard-pine trees, seventy and eighty feet
high, which stood around the works, were stripped of bark and
limbs the entire length, and as completely as could have been
done by machinery. Men were constantly falling. We were
ordered to shield ourselves as best we could. Sergeant George A.
Bakeman, of Company A, who had taken position as lookout to
watch the movement of a large force assembling at the edge of
some woods just beyond a, cornfield, too]: position against a large
tree. Captain Folsom, deeming the place unsafe^ told him to keep
covered, lie replied that lie could not cover from all sides with
one tree. An instant later a bullet struck him in the head, kill-
ing him instantly.
i{ Being somewhat exhausted from the boat, I sat down upon
the root of a large stump, from which the earth had been removed
to build ihc. pit. 1 had been thus seated only a moment, when a
soldier crowded in between myself and the stump. I moved my
bigness toward the end which overhung the pit to accommodate
him with a seat, which lie barely had time to lill before zip eame
a bullet from the direction of the cross-fire, which went just dee])
enough to furrow his face and carry away both eyes. A bounding
shot from a battery struck the rop of the pit, scattering the earth
in a shower, smashing the head of a soldier who was peering over,
and nearly tearing to pieces another who stood on the high ground
to the rear. The next moment, an unexploded shell severed a
large limb from a pine tree overhead which, leveled three men in
its Mi,"
For some time there bad been frequent cheering along the rebel
line, indicating the arrival of reinforcements. Then through the
openings in iiie woods across the held could be !;:een the marching
THE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL's MILL. 24.-7
I
and countermarching of bodies of men evidently getting into
position for assault. They soon assaulted our front twice in quick
succession. Sergeant Miller tells the story of these assaults in a
way that cannot be bettered.
" ' There they come ! There they come!' was the excited cry,
and a long line in gray, with bayonets glistening and flags flying,
was seen just clearing the woods on an elevated piece of ground
across the field. There was nothing intervening to hide so much as
a button, save a lew straggling corn-stalks on their left. 'Boys,
now's our time/ said big Sergeant Fisher, of Company E. The
commander gave the order to fire, which was several times repeated
by the subordinate officers. ' Fire low ! Fire low!*. Our blood
wa- up, and the command, 'Cease firing," was not fully heeded
until some time after the last standing rebel had disappeared
on the run into the forest again. Brave soldiers are made
by giving them plenty to do; and jokes wore freely cracked
during the few moments which intervened before the next
I charge.
" The top of a flag was now observed in a deep ravine which ran
across the field in our front, not more than fifty yards away.
Word ran along the line to be in readiness, In a few moments the
flag began to move, and with it the whole rebel line came in view.
The sight caused the greatest excitement. The officers fried in
vain to make the men reserve their fire until the enemy's lines
should clear the ravine far enough to insure its destruction. Our
men began firing almost at once. Tim rebel color-beater was shot
dead on the brow of the hill, falling forward upon his staff, and
the line was driven back in less time than it would take to count
twenty.'*
Wounded men were sent to the rear as fast as they were struck.
The dead rested where they fell. Allot the wounded that possibly
could, and some that were very seriously so, too, made their own
way to the rear rather than weaken the line by taking assist-
ance. Those entirely unable to go alone were helped from the
field by comrades who accompanied litem only until they could
place their charges in the hands of the hospital attendants, when
they made their way to the colors age in, some to he themselves
killed, or to leave or be carried from tlic field wounded. There
was neither shirking nor flunking that day ; not in the Eleventh,
anyway, and although one-half the regiment available for duty
248 • THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
had fallen within sixty hours, those that remained stood to
their work as manfully as if the regiment was a thousand
strong.
We were short of officers, our remaining line officers barely suf-
ficing to furnish each com pan}" with a commander, some lieuten-
ants commanding by detail other companies than their own ; and
now Captain Lawrence, of H, was mortally wounded* His fierce
bound into the air, as the bullet struck his muscular body, will
never be forgotten by those who saw it. Many of us loved this
gallant oflicer for his personal qualifies. The bullet that removed
him from the world took from it- a frank, brave, and noble-minded
gentleman,45
Colonel Plaisted was overcome by the intense heat before our
successful assault, and had been taken, from the field, leaving
Lieutenant-Colonel Hill in command. Colonel Hill's right arm
was shattered by a bullet, white he was watching the enemy's
movements. Groaning quite as much at the necessity of lea ring
the field as at the pain of his wound, our gallant leader for the
first time turned his back on the eneniy. But not Until he had
called upon Captain Merrill to assume command of the regiment.
Fortunately, Captain Merrill was known to the regiment as an
oflicer of tried mettle, with, a fighting experience dating from the
Battle of Fair Oaks, where lie had commanded most of the companies
on the skirmish line, and had earned high, commendation for the
skill and courage he bad shown. Knowing him as they did, the
men of the regiment now looked to him with confidence, and
obeyed his clear-voiced orders without question during the ex-
citing events that followed swis'rly upon his assumption of
command,
For now fierce rebel yells on our right told us they were ad-
vancing there, having abandoned fcheir attempt to break through
at the position we held. The yelling quickly full toward our rear,
and showed that our line was falling back. K carer and nearer
eame the uproar, as regiment after regiment fell to the rear, until
only our brigade was facing tic1 enemy. On our left the enemy
was creeping through the felled timber; on our front there were
movements indicating an impending attack ; on our right the fir-
ing opened heavily, telling us that they were Hanking the position
of our brigade. Sergeant Miller says : "it now became evident
to Sergeant Gross, the color-bearer, thai he must retreat with the
THE BATTLES OF DEEP EUN AND FUSSELL'S MILL. 249
flag, or the banner would soon occupy a position in the rebel capi-
tal at Richmond... The rebels were closing down, and were not
more than thirty yards distant. Sergeant Gross tore the flag from
the pit and started for the rear. Remembering, however, that no
order had been given to retreat, he turned back, planted the stair
on the work, and aided the guard in. its defense by firing several
shots from his revolver in the very faces of the enemy, who were
\ bent on its capture."
At last the order came to be ready to fall back. The colors
were sent to the rear, with instructions to plant them with the
colors of the other regiments on the line of works captured in the
morning, to serve as a rallying point for the regiment. Sergeant
Miller says : <v Sergeant Gross carried the colors in his arms, and
was followed by the guard, one of whom fell dead as they left the
works. The flagstaff, one and a half inches in diameter, had
been shot oil in three places, and the flag had been pierced by
sixteen bullets/'
A simultaneous yell on front, and right and left, told us that
the assault was coming. The order ran down the line to fall
back, after pouring a last volley info the enemy. So, facing the
swiftly advancing masses of the foe as we best could, we poured
one volley a1 most into their faces, then turned and, with a storm
of bullets whistling after us, ran down the hill across the. ravine
and into the shelter of the forest.
For ■ myself, I ran swiftly through the slashing. As I reaehed
the valley my eye was caught by a running brook. I was very
thirsty. My tongue clung to the roof of my mouth, my can icon
was empty, and the glimmering water was alluring in its cool
suggestions. I hastily snatched my tin cup out of my haversack,
and, scooping it full from the brook, drank with a sense of relief
that made me momentarily oblivious of flying bullets. Glancing
backward, I saw tin1 rebel skirmish line moving down the hill. 1
thought it time for me to go, and started ; but just then a Union
officer, with a halt-dozen men, came running from the right,
and, seeing me taking the cup from my lips, said, "Lend me your
. I cup.'" I handed it to him, and he stooped toward the brook.
There was a dull thud, and he fell headlong into the water, shot
through Hie body. In a second his men had seized him, and
were ranning into the woods with hirn, and I, stopping just long
enough to secure my precious cup from where it had fallen, ran
250
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
into the woods, bounded up the hill, and found myself with our
reforming" columns.
We took our position in line at the captured rifle pits. A
strong skirmish line was thrown out, which soon met that of the
advancing enemy, when sharp fighting began, and lasted far into
the night.
During the operations of the 16th, Gregg's cavalry, supported
by Genera! Miles with a brigade from the Second Corps, had
moved up the Charles City road, driving the enemy's cavalry
before them, until White Tavern, only seven miles from Rich-
mond, had been reached. The Confederate cavalry receiving a
reinforcement, Gregg was in turn forced back upon .Miles, both
finally falling back to Beep Creek, a tributary of Deep Hun,
fighting as they retreated, holding one position until a portion of
their men had taken a second one a half-mile or so back of their
advance one ; then the advance line would fall back behind the
new line and take up a position about half a mile or so farther in
the rear in their turn. Desperate as was their situation, they did
not abandon either their dead or wounded, carrying both from
the held strapped across the led cavalry horses or in front of the
troopers. Finally the hard-pressed men reached Deep Creek,
behind which Gregg reestablished his line, Miles returning to
Fusselhs Mill to take position on the right flank of our corps.
All day Mott had been threatening the enemy along Bailey's
Croel; with a strong skirmish line to learn their force, finding
their works strongly held everywhere.
General Birney proposed that we assault at five o'clock that
afternoon, but the force the advance of his skirmish line de-
veloped made him abandon this idea. Besides, about then
Gregg's line before Deep Creek was so strongly attacked as to
compel him to cross all his force to the bank nearest us to sustain
himself. On receiving these reports, General Grant gave up
the idea of pressing the movement further, determining, as in
July, that we must hold a threatening position for a few days
longer to keep the heavy force of the enemy in our front while lie
launched a force from the other flank at the Weldon road.
The losses of our regiment, the 10th of August, were as follows :
Field. — Wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel Jonathan A. Hill.
Company A. — Killed, Sergeant George A. Bakeman ; Corpo-
rals Charles L. Jordan, Joseph L. Mitchell; Private Thomas
THE BATTLES OF DEEP RUN AND FUSSELL'S MILL. 251
MoFarland. Wounded, Lieutenant Lewis JI. Holt ; First Ser-
geant William II. II. Frye ; Sergeant Charles I. Wood ; Corporal
Joseph H. Johnson ; Private?. Benjamin P. Bibber, Francis M.
Barton, Nelson 0. Crocker, Michael Doyle, Charles S. B. Hodg-
don, Ruben II. Small, Eben E. Smith.. Prisoner, Francis M.
Burton.
Company B. — Killed, Corporal James L. Potter ; Private James
T. French. Wounded, First Sergeant Lewis W. Campbell ; Cor-
porals Jerome B. Ireland, Joseph F. Barney, Henry L. Blake ;
Privates Henry C. Ames, Albion A. Bangs, William Davis, Josiah
H. Gordon. Frank L. Keunoy. George II. Miller, Alfred Smith.
Prisoners. Privates Albion A. Bangs, Han-foi'd Crocker.
Company C. — "Wounded, Corporal Edward Koyes ; Privates
John W. Elliott. Hiram B. Nichols, Dwight C. fiose.
Company 1). — Killed, Private El bridge E. Hanseom. Wounded,
Privates Frank Btfbier, John W. Lay, Augustus N. Googiug,
Leonard S. Heighten, Timothy MeG-raw, George 0. AY bite.
Company E, — Killed, Private William A Quimbv. Wounded,
Privates- Samuel Babb, Eugene Bragdon, Frank II. Brown, Josiah
Felker, Charles H. Ham, John C. Reed, Henry Smith, Samuel
X. York. Prisoners, Privates Stephen W. Brown, Samuel 3ST.
York.
Company F. — Killed, Privates Augustine E. Hall, Enoch E.
Hinckley. Wounded, Corporal Ambrose F. Walsh ; Privates
Ebomxcr Brookings, Andrew J. Burgess, Horace E. Cfooate,
James B. Crosby, Nathan P. Downing, George W. Eastman,
Podney 0. Harriman, Henry S. Kimball, Warren H. Moores,
Samuel G. Richardson, Osgood J. Yates.
Company (}. — Wounded, Sergeant Henry B„ lingers ; Corpo-
rals Lewis L. Day. Josiah L. Bennett, Willi;; in Shed; Privates
Augustus H. Danico, Charles E. Fish, Frederick A. Frazier,
Frank Johnson, Samuel P. Norton.
Company If. — Killed, Corporal George E. Morrill; Private
Liiman K. Smith. Wounded, Captain Luther Lawrence; Pri-
vates James Lawrence, Charles E. Marshall, George P. Moody.
Joseph F. Stevens, Elbridge P. Wardwell, Isaac W. Wardweil,
George H. Whitney. Prisoner, Private Ellis A. Briggs.
Company I. — Killed. Private Randolph A. Shorey. Wounded,
Sergeant David B. Snow; Gorperal James W. Moody; Privates
Patrick H. Canning, Samuel B. Haskell, Rufus K. Shorey.
252 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Company K. — Wounded, Sergeant Andrew B. Erskine ; Pri-
vates Charles P. Bickford, John F. Buzzell, Lewis C. Gray,
Irwin L. Prentiss, Warren L. Wliittier.
Killed, 13 ; wounded, 81 ; prisoners, 6 —total, 100.
In the night of the 16th we took position close to the enemy's
works and began to throw up intrench ments. By morning, work-
ing in relays, we had built a strong line of works. Our position,
that of the Eleventh, lay along the side of a steep hill, so that
the battery crowning it could fire directly over our heads. Here
we lay on the K'th, so near the enemy that we could see into his
works from the crest of the hill. The picket lines, really heav}*
skirmish ones, kept up a steady fire all along the line until in the
afternoon of the 17th, when a flag of truce was sent out and a
truce arranged to continue from four to six o'clock. And when
the truce expired tiring was not begun by the opposing lines,
neither side caring to begin the firing, so that we passed a quiet
night sleeping in the intrenekments, all lying on our arms.
The 18th passed quietly on our front until along in the after-
noon. Until quite late in the day there was an almost complete
cessation of firing, ami the men of the opposing lines lounged
around freely, sometimes within sight of each other. I remember
that a few apple-trees stood in a very exposed position on our right,
a position directly under the range of a rebel battery, and within
a few rods of it. One bold Yankee, after looking longingly at
the green spheres on the tree branches, ventured to throw a stone
into the branches to rattle a. few apples down. The apples were
hard, green ones, regular '•'cholera pippins,'* but they were apples,
aiid there was a scramble for them. The "Johnnies" watched
our men's antics with merriment, perhaps with an intimate
knowledge, some of them, of the sort of fruit the trees bore ;
maybe feeling a fiendish delight in thinking their foes in eating
it were running a greater risk than in gathering. Then one impa-
tient Yankee, tiring uf the slow process of stoning the apples
down, ventured his person into a tree, and the enemy did not
object. Then another climbed into a tree, then another and
another, until the trees were filled with masses of skylarking men,
shrieking, tussling, and laughing to their own and the enemy's
enjoyment until the last apple had been lorn from the trees.
Tins easy condition of things lasted until about live o'clock,
wlien the sudden opening of firing on the skirmish line indicated
THE BATTLES OF DEEP BUN AND FUSSELL S MILL.
06
an impend bug assault. The skylarking and frolic of the men
ceased as the tire of the skirmishers increased in rapidity and
volume, and every man hurried to his post. Suddenly the battery
behind us opened with a roar, our skirmishers came flying out at
the woods and over our works, while behind them sounded the
wild yell of a rebel charging column. Sergeant Judson L. Young,
of Company T), who had been on the skirmish line, was wounded
as he reached the works. As soon as our skirmishers were over
our works. Ave opened a terrible tire, every man loading and firing
for his life ; but steadily, swiftly, the heavy columns of the enemy
poured from the woods, yelling and firing wildly, those behind
pushing those in front> until it seemed as if the pandemonium of
shrieking, rushing demons would roll over our works, by sheer
weight of numbers, in spite of tlic fire mowing their front litres
down, And just then, as if to complete our destruction — for to be
driven back into the tangled, woods just at night, chased by a
superior foe, far from a supporting column, meant not only the
loss of our batteries but Andersonville for hundreds of us— just
then the One Himdreth New York, on our right, broke and left
their part of the Works in spite of shrieking officers, General Foster
himself dashing among them, yelling like a madman and brand-
ishing his sword in a vain attempt to hold them. But the old
Tenth Connecticut had been held on reserve and was just rushing
to the support of the line, and the men of the two regiments, con-
fident of each other's support, and of the steadfastness of the
Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, strung along the gap with light-
ning speed until they had filled it after a maimer, QYL'ry man
redoubled his efTprts to hold (he enemy, now surging at the rough
abatis planted in the front of our hastily built line. They had
stood our terrible tire well until now, but they could not stand the
prospect of the cold steel we were ready to meet them with should
they persist in crossing the works ; they wavered, broke, and fell
back into the heavy woods between us.
That this was one of the most stubborn assaults of the war is
shown by its lasting for twenty minutes, during which time
General Walker of the Second Corps note-', in his history of that
corps, that the fire of musketry was tremendous.
It must: be said for the Otie Hundredth Xcw York that when
our artillery opened fire, intending to drop shells along our front,
many of the shells fell among the men of that regiment, throwing
h
25-1
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
it into confusion., and that man}- of that regiment, officers and
men, stood fast throughout the assault. Adjutant Camp, of the
Tenth Connecticut, wrote at the time of this stampede : "There
was already some unsteadiness among those who were firings when
our artillery opened from a position some distance in the rear,
intending to fire over our heads, hut dropping about every shell
with, horrible precision directly among us. Henry [Chaplain
Trumbull] was standing a few yards from me, when one of these
exploded in his very face, seemingly hut a few inches above and
before hint, knocking him down, blinded and almost stunned. It
was a spherical case. . . . At the same moment another ex-
ploded among the men in front of our regiment. It was more
than they could stand, A dozen started for the rear, a hundred
followed, then the whole lice broke, turned backwards, and surged
away from the works, through our line and into the woods. Our
hoys sprang forward to till the vacancy as well as the thin line
enabled them to, and with cool determination held the enemy at
bay. . . . As they broke, our officers rushed among the fugi-
tives, shouted encouragement, entreated, threatened, seized them
and flung them back to the front — all did what they could to turn
the tide. We were in some degree successful. A dozen looked
on hesitatingly while our major Hogged an officer, a six-foot
skulker, back to the works with the flat of his ,sword, and con-
cluded to stand there themselves. Indeed, I ought to say that
many of this regiment stood, fast from the first.''
At/eight o'clock. General Hancock received an order to send
Moti's division back to Petersburg to take the place of the Ninth
Corps in the intrencliments, in order that the latter corps, now
under General Parke, might support Warren in a contemplated
movement against the WeMon read. Mott's withdrawal made a
contraction of Hancock's line necessary. Word was passed that
we were to retire and that we must do so. very quietly, without
noise or gun-rattling; even the I in cups and plates of the men
must be so placed in their haversacks as not to give out the monot-
onous clinking that usually tells that a line of troops is on the
march. Then, a little later, we stole through the dark woods,
moving towards the left, leaving Colonel Plaisted with a thousand
men of various commands to cover our movement.
The 19th and 20th of August, we lay in position on the con-
tracted hue, but were unmolested. An assault was contemplated
THE BATTLES OF DEEP BUN AND FUSSELL S MILL.
255
for the 19th, as General Grant thought the enemy had returned
one division to Petersburg, and so advised General Hancock to
attack if an opportunity offered. But a personal reconnoissance
by General Hancock gave so little hope of success that, on report-
ing to General Grant by telegraph, word was returned not to
attack unless with a chance of surprise, Or the prospect of some
marked advantage. There was considerable picket firing during
the 19th. During the day the following general order was issued
to the corps by General Birney :
Headquarters, Teeth Army Corps,
Ftjsseli/s Mill, Ya., Aug. 19, 1864.
General Order.
The Major- General commanding congratulates the Tenth
Corns upon its success. It has on each occasion, when ordered,
broken the enemy's strong lines. It has captured, during the
short campaign, four siege guns protected, by the most formi-
dable works, six colors, and many prisoners. It has preyed itself
worthy of its old Wagner and Sumter renown. Much fatigue,
patience, and heroism may yet be demanded of it, but the Major-
General commanding is confident of the response.
Major- General D. Ik Birney.
(Signed,) Edward W. Smith,
Lt.-CoL and A. A. G.
On the 20th Hancock was instructed to retire from the north
side of the James. , Immediately after dark the two divisions of
tine Second Corps, with the cavalry and the artillery, began this
movement, which was covered by the troops of our corps. It
rained all through the night, as it had almost continually since
the night of the ISth. During the night of the 20th we followed
the retiring Second Corps, and, reaching the redan on Strawberry
Plains, our brigade went into bivouac, after throwing out. a strong
picket line. At daylight of the :21st we were in line again, and,
crossing the ponton bridge to the south side of the river, recrossed
the river by the upper bridge, marching into our camp ground at
Deeiv Bottom at five o'clock, just the hour of the morning at
which, exactly one wee'; before, we opened Gre on the Deep Bottom
front, initiating a week of hard campaigning.
During the week we had lost 5 officers and 141 men, of whom 2
officers and 40 men had been killed or mortally wounded ; 92 others
had been wounded, a large percentage of whom too ^cwrvly to
256
THE STORY OF ONE BEGIMENT.
rejoin the regiment. Six had been taken prisoners ; of these, 2
only survived their imprisonment.
Small wonder that there was gloom in our camp as we thought
of the comrades and tent-mates that had fallen — our best and
bravest, as it seemed to us. And for the few days we yet occupied
the Deep Bottom camp-ground the survivors could only, with
Sergeant- Major Morton, et wander around the camp, looking for
faces never to be seen again,"
! . - ' i
CHAPTER XXV.
I
l PETERSBUBG. j
| I
A Sacl March and a Glad Countermarch— A Night March to Petersburg —
We Take Position near Fort Hell— Disappointed Artillerymen —
Under a Continual Fire --The Death of Bassett — A Brave Soldier — A
Day in a Picket Hole — Pleasant Fatigue Duty — Scurvy — Swindling
the Surgeon's Cook — Roaring Shotted Salutes and an Incident of
One — Major Camp's Description of a Midnight Shotted Salute — Col-
onel PlaistecTs Narrow Escape — Relieved and Fall Back out of the
Line of Fire — Casualties.
i . . . !
The regiment went on picket at eight o'clock in the evening of I
August 21st. In the night it was called in, as light-marching
orders had been received, and at about one o'clock in the morning
the Eleventh, the Tenth Connecticut, and the Twenty-fourth
Massachusetts recrossed. the ponton bridge and took the road
leading towards the Bermuda Hundred front. We had passed
over half the distance, when an aid met us with countermanding
orders, and we retraced our steps to Deep Bottom, arriving there
at daylight.
General Birney had planned to assault the Hewlett House Bat-
tery position in the early morning, and as a compliment to the
valor our brigade had shown in assaulting and carrying works
: during the prc6edin2rweek.it was to be given the head of the
assaulting column. Luckily for us, wiser counsel prevailed, and
the proposed attack-was abandoned, else it is very probable that
the hision of the Eleventh. Maine would end here ; for it is hardly
to be supposed that many of its members would have escaped the
terrible fire with which the rebels could have met our advance.
This even- man of us knew, yet there was no disposition shown
to draw back ; and had we assaulted the enemy's line, 1 am not
sure but some of us would, have succeeded in at least mounting
their works. '01' course, the boys cursed loudly, but Colonel
Plaisted, who headed the regiment, was too shrewd to notice the
olnurea! ions concerning all in authority. He patiently sought
to encourage the men by describing the ground they must charge
17
258 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
over, ground he had become well acquainted with in reconnoiter-
ing the Hewlett House front wliile commanding along it. He
felt quite sure that he could lead the column of attack by shel-
tered ways, so that it would not be directly under fire until he
could get it where a short rush would bring us into the enemy's
worts. All of which was comforting after a poor fashion : still,
we turned our faces towards Dec]) Bottom with very much lighter
hearts than we bore while marching the other way.
On the 24th of August, Colonel Plaisted turned the command
of the regiment over to Captain Merrill, and resumed that of the
brigade, General Foster taking command of a division elsewhere.
Colonel Plaisted retained command of the brigade until in [Novem-
ber, when he took home the three years' men who had not reen-
I listed, and whose three years then expired. He returned from
Maine to resume command of the brigade, and. having received
his star, held command until he left the service in March, 1865.
On the same day that Captain Merrill assumed command, Au-
gust 24th, we received marching orders. We were to make ready
to march at a moment's notice.
At five o'clock in the afternoon of the 25th of August we struck
tents, and, a heavy shower coming up, we got well soaked for our
prematureness. On the 2Cth, negro troops of Paine's brigade
arrived and relieved us, and at half-past four o'clock in the after-
noon our brigade started to make a night march to the Peters-
burg front, where the Tenth Corps was to relieve the Eighteenth
Corps. The night was a dark and rainy one, and the way lay
through thick pine woods for some miles. The road was muddy,
and patched with puddle? of water, lying in the ruts the heavy
wagons had worn. The line of march was a broken one, every man
straying along as best he could, now stumbling through a pool of
water, now running against a tree-trunk. The grumbling and
swearing can be imagined. We reached the Appomattox at Point
of Rocks about eleven o'clock. By tins time the rain was coming
down in torrents. A wagon train was crossing the bridge, so we
had to lie down and wait its passage, during which, wet as we
were, our tired men Ia\ down on the muddy ground, and napped
as best they could. It was one o'clock before we started again.
We crossed the bridge in the dark, guided across it by the flashes
of lightning that now lit up the scene. The bridge was :. long
one, the Appomattox here running to wide swampy shores, across
/
PETERSBURG. 259
which 1 1 1 e bridge was built from the high ground on each side of
the river. After marching a few miles farther, the storm grew to
such violence and the roads were in such a terrible condition,
that the order came to halt, and shelter ourselves as we best could.
All we could do in the open ground we were now in was to crouch
down in the mud, and doze it out. The storm rolled away dur-
ing the early morning hours, so that the sun rose clear and warm.
After making coffee, we were in line and resumed our march. We
now marched through a rolling country of cleared plantations,
with their abandoned houses and negro quarters. Petersburg
was plainly in sight during a portion of the march ; we could see
its encircling lines of earthworks, Confederate and Union. In-
deed, everywhere we could see there were earthworks, and frown-
[ ing guns, and camps of soldiers.
After having marched, about fifteen miles from Deep Bottom,
we reached the outer line of works at a point not far from the
Jerusalem Flank road. Here we halted, and then moved up to
the works in line of battle, the troops we were relieving marching
out. As we looked over the works, we could see the Confederate
works and batteries, not a tree or stump intervening — just a smooth
stretch of cleared grass land. As we were scanning the lines
a group of Union artillerymen strolled down, and, seeing that we
were new to the position, thought to have a little fun with us'.
Said one : "This is the most dangerous snot in the whole line of
works ; men. ate kilted here by shells er^i-y day." " Yes/1 Ohimc :'
in a comrade, '''the rebel artillery have the dead drop on this
place, and can put a shot in here just where they want to/' dust
then a cloud, of smoke rolled out of the rebel battery opposite, and
a shell canm shrieking across the works, to burst a few rods in our
rear. " Jim Island ! " sang out, one of our Morris Island ex-artil-
lerymen ; then, as another shell came bounding over us, ''Sulli-
van !" yelled another, and then came a shout of laughter as the
roguish artillerymen turned to hurry off, one of them saying :
" Why, these are some of those damned Charleston fellers.'" You
see, we "Charleston fellers" could not be intimidated by a few
shells. We had long since learned that a brigade of artillery,
manning guns of the largest caliber, hadn't the killing power
j^bssessed by a thin skirmish line, with its deadly ritles.
We made our camp near the Avery House, not far from the
point on the front where the mine was exploded in Jul)'. Along
260 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
the front, of this camp, which was pitched with one wing of the
regiment arrayed behind the other — along the front of each wing
we built a high breastwork of logs banked with earth, under the
lee of which "splinter proofs "our shelter tents were pitched.
The officers* quarters, and the cook-houses in the rear of the camp
— indeed, all places that were to be occupied by men or animals —
had these high breastworks built before them.
Our routine of duty at Petersburg ran thus : One day of twenty-
four hours we would be on the picket line in our front, placed
along a run that intersected an exposed field, the enemy's picket
line lying on the other side of the run. Here, in the head-high
holes some of our predecessors had dug, we shivered through the
night and broiled through the day, not daring to lift our heads
aoo\e our rude earthworks until dark. Firing and observing was
done through the rude embrasures the banks of earth before our
picket holes were pierced with. When relieved, always at night,
and just after dark, we would only fall back into the front line of
works (batteries connected by infantry parapets), to remain there
forty-eight hours. Then, relieved by in-coming pickets, we would
fall back to our camp and remain until morning, the next day
being spout on fatigue duty. Then after another twenty-four
hours spent in camp we went on picket again, going over the
weary round.
All this time, in camp and out of it, we were under fire, the
bullets of the enemy ever singing around our ears, whether we
were on the picket line, the main one, the reserve one, or in camp.
And often in camp, in the night, a sudden commotion would tell
that some poor fellow had been severely wounded or perhaps
killed, while curling up to his tent-mate under their blankets.
We would often be turned out by a furious mortar-shelling: to lie
in line of battle under a storm of falling iron. Bui we dreaded
the picket line the most, especially the day bonis of it, not on
account of its danger, for it was a comparatively safe one, all
knowing t\ic danger of exposure and conforming to the necessity
of keeping" closely covered ; but to li< for so many hours under a
hot sun in a hole in the ground, with only "hard tack" and
greasy boiled pork to eat. and the warm water of our (the night
before filled) canteens to drink was very disagreeable. Then the
certainty that a rush of the enemy meant death or imprisonment
for all pickets on the line of attack was not a quieting cue.
I
PETERSBURG. 261
It was on this picket lino thai First geKgeaut Bassett, of J) Com-
pany, was killed the night of the 15th of September. It was a
bright moonlight night. We relieved the First Maryland. Our
men crept forward, each squad well informed of its assigned posi-
tion, and. all suddenly hurried fur their positions, getting under
cover as speedily as possible, the relieved pickets stealing away for
the main line. But some of the relieved pickets moved up the
hill somewhat carelessly, their plates and cups clunking noisily and
themselves visible in the bright moonlight, so drawing a sharp fire
from the enemy's pickets, by which several of the careless fellows
were wounded. Sergeant Bassett was to enter the extreme left
picket hole to be occupied by our regiment. Lieutenant Maxrlcld,
commanding 1), was assisting in placing the line, and was in the
picket bole, with Sergeant Bassett running towards it, when, the
. enemy opened fire on the careless Maryland men. Beaching the
pit, Sergeant Bassett thoughtlessly stood erect on its edge
while saying, '-Well, boys, Fm here," then fell forward into
the Lieutenant's arms, a bullet having pierced his throat.
Lieu ten; ait MaxfieM sent word down the line to the writer of
this to make Ids way to the left and take Sergeant Bassettfs place
in the pit, and, if possible, have the body removed to the main
works. With this object in mind, the Lieutenant moved down the
line to his position near the right of the company, and called for a
volunteer to go for a stretcher. Private Prince Edward Dunifer,
of D, promptly responded, and succeeded in making his way
into the main works. Bat the night was so bright that it was
impossible for us to take the body in. Had it been a dark night,
or a dusky one. We could easily have sent his body over the work's
without much risk ; but so light, and with the enemy's pickets in
the firing mood they were — for ail night long they sent bullets
flying at every moving shadow — it would have been suicide to
attempt it. We could only lay the body on a rude bod that some
one had spaded out of the side of the hole we were cooped in, and
wait for morning.
In the early morning, just after daybreak. I consulted with
Lieutenant Thomas Clark, whom Lieutenant Maxfield had left in
this pit to command the left of our line in case of an attack. He
agreed with me that it was most desirable to remove the body, in
view of the promise ol a terribly hot day, and I determined to
make the venture. 1 asked the men with us if one would make
262 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
the venture with me, preferring a volunteer to a detailed com-
panion. All promptly offered to share my chance. I then
selected Private Benjamin F. Dumphey, of Company II, whom I
knew to be a cool, steady-nerved man, and told him to remove
his belts, while I did the same, I then leaped out of the pit,
and stood for a half-minute facing the enemy, numbers of whom
arose from behind their works and took a look at me. Seeing me
unarmed and unequipped, they refrained from taking a shot at
the fair mark I offered. Feeling quite sure now that those in
■j front would not shoot me without giving lair warning, and
accepting the chance of some diagonally situated, sharpshooter
potting me, I called to Dumphey to pass along a rubber blanket,
which I laid rubber side down on the dew-wet grass ; our friends
had not yet succeeded in. reaching us with a stretcher. Then
Dumphey joined me, and the men in the pit passed the body to
us, and we laid, it on the blanket, of which each of us immedi-
ately took hold of an upper corner, and quickly slid it over the
hill to the works, from which a hundred hands were extended to
take the body from us. We hurried bock to the pit and, vnth a
hasty salute to the watching enemy, leaped into it, each of us
drawing our first long breath since placing ourselves at the mere}"
of the enemy.
You may be sure that we thought we had done pretty well, but
within a minute our feat was eclipsed. One of our men (I am
very sorry I have forgotten his name and company), piqued at not
having been selected by me to help take the body to the works,
now deliberately volunteered to go for wafer. We needed water
badly, and the day was bound to induce thirst. So, receiving per-
mission from Lieutenant Chirk to try it, the man gathered our
nearly empty canteens, and. removing his equipments stepped
out of the pit, and, walking with the utmost deliberation and
without a glance at the enemy, made his way to the works and
climbed over them. In a short time he reappeared, reerossed the
works, and made Ins way to us with the same cool deliberation,
and with as careless a. demeanor as if he was not risking his life.
But the moment, lie had reentered the pit a. bullet came whistling
across it to warn us that the trace was up, and from that moment
not a finger could be raised above our pit but a bullet, came whis-
tling at it. And once, just as Private Stephen Mudgetfc, of D,
stepped back from the little porthole we kept u\) a return lire
PETERSBURG. 263
f.
I
through, a bullet came whizzing through, if, just skimming by
his car, to bury itself with angry force in the bank behind him.
A half-second sooner, and we would have had a second tragedy in
our little pit. We kept up a steady fire, trying to do just that
thing— to put a bullet through the porthole of the rebel pit; before
us. Towards night a commotion among its occupants made us
feel sure that we had managed to injure some one of them, at
which idea we jubilated to a savage extent that it hardly seems
possible such mild-mannered men as we survivors now appear
to be could ever have been guilty of.
A sad feature of Bassett's death was the fact that from the
date of his enlistment, September 7th, lie had served his full
• term of three years, and he firmly believed that lie ought not to
be asked to ?orve beyond three years from the d>ite be signed, the.
roll, lie presented the case to headquarters, but the ruling was
that the service was for three years from the date of his muster
into the United States service, which was October 10th. In
view of the fact that lie had spent months in Confederate prisons,
and was a brave, active, and intelligent soldier, who perhaps
ought to have been considered when commissions were being
recommended, he was told that he need not serve at. the front for
the remainder of his term of service. But he was too proud a
man to take advantage of this offer, and insisted, on sharing the
labors and risks of his cumrades.
There were others of the regiment who had enlisted early in
the fall, and. who by their reckoning were entitled to their dis-
charge. These now called themselves l( conscripts," but they
fought and marched like the veterans they were, their resent-
ment in no way cooling their ardor for victory when the onset
soundt'd.
The details for fatigue duty were large, ranging from one hun-
dred to two hundred and fifty men, the last number covering
about the effective strength of the regiment. The details were
under the orders of the Adjutaut-Gencral of the division, each
brigade furnishing a force for the day from (he regiment in camp,
so that quite a little army was mustered daily for fatigue pur-
poses from our division of three brigades.
The fatigue duty consisted in repairing the destruction to the
works made by the enemy's artillery lire, and in cutting logs and
hewing them into planks fov artillery platforms. The first work
264. THE STORY OF ONE .REGIMENT.
was very disagreeable, having to be done under the enemy's fire
largely; the last the boys called a •'picnic/'-' as it was done in
woods some distance in rear of our works, and only to be reached
from the rebel works by ve.iy long-range guns, so that when on
this duty we could walk around freely without fear of -'running
against a bullet/' as the phrase was. So deft were our Eleventh
Maine boys with the axe that we could finish the stint set for a
squad of a hundred men in two-thirds of the time the same num-
ber of men from the other regiments could. But we were too
shrewd to let this be known at division headquarters, as Adjutant-
General Adrian II. Terry was not remarkable for his sense of
justice, and might be inclined to raise our stint. No, we pre-
ferred that it should be graded by the lesser axe-handling abili-
ties of the oilier regiments, so thai, with the work done, we could
lie down under the trees and enjoy ourselves until we could
return to camp without question. Once or twice in my experi-
ence the rebels shelled the woods we were at work in ; but, on the
whole, <f cutting timber" was very pleasant fatigue duty.
The health .of the regiment had been very good all summer, but
now a scarcity of vegetables and fresh meat and a lack of muscle-
hardening service brought on dysentery and scurvy. In this con-
nection, Doctor Cook tells a story of a shrewd trick men of. our
regiment played on his cook. Ac< soon as symptoms of the scurvy
became manifested the doctor bestirred himself, and by personal
solicitation secured from the Sanitary Commission people an
allowance of ■cornstarch. This his cook would make into a sort
of soft pudding, to he dealt out to such patients as the doctor
should designate. When the sick call sounded and the sick went
io the surgeon's tent, and he would want one of them to benefit
by the sanitary diet, he would direct Hospital Steward Nbyes to
give the man a check- — a square bit of pasteboard of a peculiar
color — and would tell the recipient to call on the cool;, who
would accept it in return for a stout ration of the cornstarch
mixture. It was a good mixture, much appreciated, and the cook
soon found that he could hardly supply the demand, although he
enoked zealously ; for the good soul was appalled at the constantly
growing number of scurvy patients, and was patriotically alive (o
the necessity of eradicating the terrible disease, until he made his
fears known to the Hospital Steward, who assured him that,
instead of the number ajfrlieted with scurvy increasing, it was
PETERSBURG, 265
steadily decreasing. This led to an investigation, and it was
found that the men had sent a bit of the pasteboard north, and
procured sheets of pasteboard of the same color and quality, which
the}" had cut into checks to trade with the unsuspecting cook for
dishes of his savory cornstarch pudding. The doctor laughs
now at the trick,, appreciating it more and more as time rolls on.
3Te punningly says that at the time he thought it a very scurvy
performance.
The tour of duty in the main line, although affording a liberty
of movement that was very agreeable after twenty-four hours of
picket duty, was a dangerous one, especially for those stationed
in front of the c< Elliott " salient of the Confederate line. It was
under this salient that the mine had been exploded in the early
| hour* of a July morning. From, its protruding pond; hundreds
of men had been hurled from sleep into eternity, and for its
possession hundreds more had died. From this grim salient,
the hillside before it rough with hillocks of bare earth and ragged
with yawning chasms, the results of the explosion, both the enemy
and ourselves kept up a sharp and almost continuous night fire,
for it was so close to our line that pickets were not thrown out
before it by either side. And on. dark nights the artillery at this
point of the line would open fire frequently, to throw a flashing
light over the rough ground between the lines of works.
Our heavy artillery was not averse to trying its weight with the
Confederates at any time. General Humphreys praises the profi-
ciency attained by the gunners of this branch of artillery service
in silencing the fire of the batteries of the enemy. They had an
especial fancy for every now and then opening iiist at sunrise with
every gun they had, a roaring, shrieking salute to his rising
majesty. Sometimes they did it for practice, sometimes to dis-
concert and alarm the enemy, sometimes to jubilate over some
advantage some one of our armies had somewhere gained. On
the morning of September 21st, Sheridan's victory at Winchester
was celebrated by a sunrise salute of shotted guns, each gun on
our line throwing ten shots into the rebel works. A small de-
tachment of the regiment was in the little horseshoe-shaped
| :t outwork before ''Fort Hell." At daylight a messenger came
along the line to make it known that, at sunrise all our heavy
guns would open. 1 was awake ami in charge of a line of guards
stationed along the parapet in skirmish order. The rest of the
266 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
men, stationed in the little outwork, tired with a sleepless night
watch, were dozing and napping here and there, crouching,, lying,
leaning, in all possible positions but an erect one, every man with
his rifle clutched by a hand. It was my duty to awaken them
and acquaint them with the coming bombardment, but I thought
it would be a good joke to let the roar of the guns do the awaken-
ing. In a few minutes it came, a sudden roaring of batteries and
the shrieking and bursting of shells just as the first ray of sunlight
flashed from the east. The men not awake awoke promptly, every
man after his nature, some plunging for the bomb-proof, some
springing for the parapet, and some just jumping to their feet
and whirling around and around in desperate bewilderment. The
men who leaped to the parapet to repel any coming enemy thought
it a very good joke indeed, the momentarily bewildered ones had
seen better jokes, but the ones that plunged for the bomb-proof
were loud in expressing their indignation at the severest joke of
their experience.
At midnight of September 2-ith a similar salute, although on a
larger scale, was fired by the batteries in honor of Sherman's
occupation of. Atlanta. Major Camp of the 'Tenth Connecticut
wrote home at the time this lively sketch of the midnight scene :
"We lay down early, and slept quietly until midnight. Then
suddenly broke forth such a cannonade as we had heard only once
before in all our experience, the evening of the attack on Wagner.
We rose, and looked all around ; our whole line was lit up by the
flash of the gtinSj ami the roar was incessant. The rebels
answered, though with a fire of by no means equal intensity ;
and the sight was a magnificent one — the blazing shells cutting
the sky in every direction, bursting sometimes at the very summit
of their curve, and flashing the red glare of their explosion on all
beneath. Impressive pyrptechny 1 . . . Thirty-six midnight
guns from each battery, and, not to waste ammunition, the guns
were shotted, and Petersburg and its fortifications given the bene-
fit. . . . During the whole time the bauds were playing
national airs, the music, of course, adding materially to the
effect."
Major Oamp.also records a narrow escape that Colonel Plaisted
had when on the front line. The Major was standing beside
Colonel Plaisted, who was looking over the parapet in observation
of the rebel line, when a sharpshooter drew a bead on the Colonel,
PETEESBUKG. 267
I
the bullet striking the top of the parapet just, before him, throw-
ing a spray of dust over the two officers.
On the 12th of September an informal election was taken in
our regiment on the Governorship of Maine. Governor Cony
received 159 votes, and his opponent, Howard, 23. The only vote
cast for Howard in D company was by stout old Private Maddox.
When rallied on his " disloyal " choice, as many incautious
patriots called it, Maddox wrathfully shouted : ""My grandfather
was a "Democrat, my father was a Democrat, and, by , I'll
if* not go back on either of them.''' If his argument did not con-
: ... ...
vin.ee his tormentors of the soundness of his logic, his blazing
ieyes and stalwart form gave it respectful consideration.
In the evening of September 2ii.li the Tenth Corps was relieved
by the Second Corps. During the night w© retired out of the
I line of fire, and bivouacked on a plain in the rear of General
Birney's headquarters. And for the first night in a month we lay
* . down and slept with a feeling of safety, without fear of shell or
bullet. We did not realize until we were out of the danger how
wearing had been the continual anxiety. On Morris Island the
camps were out of the line of artillery fire, and rifle bullets were
unknown. Here for a month we bad been day and night under a
fire of shells and bullets. Sergeant-Major Morton noted, while at
the front, " Musket balls are flying through the camp at all hours
of the day and night": and his diary bristles with such entries
J ... ° '
as these : "Quite a brisk shelling from half-past six in the after-
noon until nine o'clock.-' " Troops turned out last night in expec-
tation of an attack." "Heavy shelling last night/1 "'Rebels
shelled camp." " Camp shelled this afternoon.'' "Quite a brisk
shelling this afternoon, many shells falling into the camp." "Bur-
ied Serjeant Bassett amid the booming of cannon and the whrs-
tlingof bullets/' But this was now over, and we were not again
subjected to such conditions.
The casualties of the month spent in the Petersburg trenches
were as follows :
September 9th.
Company A. — Wounded, Corporal Samuel Frye, during a heavy
shelling of our camp at night.
September 10/1/ .
Company F. — Killed, Corporal Lewis 11. Wing, by a sharp-
shooter on the picket line.
:/
26S THE STORY OF ONE KEGIMENT.
September 12th.
Company A. — Killed, Corporal Thomas D. Taintor, by a bullet
in head while asleep on the grass in rear of the main line.
September 15th.
Company D. — Killed, First Sergeant Aimer F. Bassett, on
picket line.
September 18th.
Company I. — Killed. Private Asa A. Arthurs, by a bullet while
lying in his lent.
September 22d.
Company I. — Wounded, Private Edward Butler, in the head,
by a bullet while lying in his tent in the early morning.
Killed, % ; wounded, :>— -total, 6.
;/
CHAPTER XXVI.
THE X0I1TH SIDE OF THE JAMES.
Colonel Plaisted's Care of the Regiment — Drills once More — Marching
Orders— A Night March to Deep Bottom-— " Who Stole the Butter ? "
• — The Object of the Expedition- — Capture of Works before Deep
Bottom— General Orel Captures Fort Harrison and Other Works—
Orel Wounded and Heekniar Assumed Cnniini.ini.l-- Fails to Carry the
Works — We March on Richmond — Sec its Spires and Roofs — Forced
to Fa! I Back — Intrenching- — jlo ven tents — Skirmishing — Kautz Loses
his Position — Wc Face the Victors — Their Assault and Defeat —
— Casualties — A Ecconnoissance in Force and its Casualties — Gen-
eral Birney's Death — The Cavalry Driven in. and we Move out and
Retake their Lost Position — The Last Engagement of the War on the
North Side of the James— The Breaking up of the Old Organization
— Reduced to a Battalion — Lieutenant Maxneld in Command — Go to
New York to Keep the Peace — Return to Chapin's Farm — The
Return of Hill and Baldwin — A Regiment once More — Losses of the
; Campaign,
Ox the day succeeding the night during which we fell back, we
proceeded to my out a camp. ) remember that Colonel Plaisted
appeared with a tapeline, and, ordering myself and a couple of
men to accompany him, we measured out the lines of a camp for
our regiment. The colonel abhorred dirt and disorder. From
the day he tools command of our regiment on the Peninsula its
camps were model ones, both in form and as to cleanliness — the
> ' ...
envy of the officers of other regiments, and the joy of inspecting
officers. So now, although brigade commander, remembering
that, we were without a field officer, lie was so solicitous for the
well-being of his regiment that be came to us, tapeline in hand,
and once more we laid company streets, a parade ground, and all
the arrangements of a well-ordered camp.
Then orders came to drill. We had not drilled for months
now, our latest recruits having fought, bled, and many of them
died, on the battlefield without ever having eoue through the
7 coo
intricacies of company or regimental maneuvers. Rut. those yet
270 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
with us were not to finish the campaign without receiving a touch
of military discipline. For September 26th, there was company
drill from 4 until -5.30 P.M. The 27th there was guard-mounting
at, 8 a.m., company drill from 8.30 to 10 a.m., battalion drill,
with knapsacks, from 3.30 to 4 p.m. — and unlimited disgust
among both men and officers from reveille to taps.
But we were not destined to give the martinets all the oppor-
tunity they were anxious to have to display their skill as drill-
masters, for the General-in-Chief had oilier work for us to do.
On the 28th of September we received orders to be ready to
march at three o'clock in the afternoon, with two days' rations.
And at the hour named we took up our line of march for Deep
Bottom. The First Maryland Cavalry, which had been serving
with our brigade as infantry, now went to City Point to receive
their horses and to be assigned to a command of their own arm of
the service.
We reached Deep Bottom at one o'clock in the morning of Sep-
tember 29th. The march of our brigade was free from the dis-
tressing circumstances of that from Deep Bottom to Petersburg.
The road was dry, and the night clear ; but still, it was a weary
force of men that crossed (lie ponton bridge, and, climbing the
familiar height, crossed the works they had built three months
before, and camped down in line of battle on the wet grass in the
held, before the works,
Night marches are aiways wearying ones, The monotony of
plodding through' silent darkness, hour after hour, is as wearying
to the men as is the distance, it is rarely that a gleam of enjoy-
ment illumines the dullness of such a inarch ; but this was an
exceptional night, for, as we plodded along through its semi-dark-
ness and were passing a half-slumbering camp — the hres were low
and the lights were f?+ — a w ice rang out with, " What regiment
is that?" At the answer, "The Eleventh Maine/' a wild yell
came from the quiet ramp, dark forms rising in groups and. com-
panies' to shout, in stentorian rollcys, " Who stole the butter ?"
It was the camp of the Kinety eighth New York., the regiment
that in December, 1802, sailed in the steamer New York- from
Yorktown to Fortress Monroe with a wing of our regiment, on
which cruise tin:- sutler of the Ninny-eighth losl certain tubs of
butter, and the question now waking the echoes was the one to
which even a .drumhead court-martial had failed to find an answer.
THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 271
The force we were a part of was intended to surprise the Con-
federate works on the north side of the river, where they were
known to be thinly held. It was hoped that an unexpected on-
slaught would not only force their covering lines, such as the
works before Deep Bottom and along Bailey's Creek, and the
works centering on Fort Harrison, near Chapiirs Bin IT, but would
enable us to get possession of Fort Gilmer, a prominent point
J ,„ of the Confederate main line, really the key to the position of
I Chapiirs Bluff.
General Ord, now commanding the Eighteenth Corps, was in
immediate command of the troops of the expedition, which con-
sisted of all of the Tenth, with such of the Eighteenth Corps as
could he spared from the Bermuda Hundred liues, and of Kautz's
cavaliy division. Old, with the troops of the Eighteenth Corps,
was to cross the river from his Bermuda Hundred front, crossing
by a ponton, bridge laid down at Aiken's, was to gain the Yarina
road — here abutting on the river — move sharply in the early
morning and assail the enemy, taking such works as he could ;
at all events, was to prevent the enemy from crossing troops by
the ponton bridge between Drury's and Chapiirs Bluffs to attack
the Tenth Corps. The Tenth Corps was to cross the river at
Deep Bottom in the early morning — Kautz's cavalry following —
gain the Newmarket and Darbytown roads, lying beyond the
Yarina road in the order named and running parallel with it, the
infantn to move along the Newmarket road, with. Kautz's cavalry
moving on their flan]': by the Darbytown road, the line to overrun
the Confederate outworks before Deep Bottom, and sweep forward
towards the flank of Fort Gilmer, while Ord attacked its front,
At daybreak we were in line, and quickly moved forward
through the familiar woods before Deri) Bottom. The colored
brigade that had relieved us and had sine held the Deep Bottom
works had the advance, and struck the enemy beyond the C rover
House. The rebels had been warned of the formidable nature of
the movement, and, fearing being cut off by Ord's breaking
through near the river, fell back and to the right from h fore our
front, which was the extreme right of the Union line of attack.
We moved across their works, and swinging to the left advanced
along the line of Four Mile Creek, driving bodie3 of the enemy
before n^ until ail the fortifications before Deep Bottom and on
Newmarket Heights had been overrun by our brigade, and we
272 TOE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
were not stayed in our victorious course until we were before the
formidable line of works reaching out from Chagrin's Bluff.
Ord had followed the river road and had attacked so strongly
.with Burnham's brigade as to carry all before him, capturing
Fort Harrison with sixteen gums and a large number of prisoners.
General Burnbam, of Maine, was killed in the assault. General
Ord then moved his forces to the right and left of Fort Harrison,
capturing two batteries of three guns each. He then endeavored
to sweep clown from the captured intrench merits and take the
works on the river bank that covered the enemy's ponton bridge,
but, the Confederate gunboats opening, the attempt was unsuc-
cessful. General Ord was severely wounded in directing this
movement, and General Heekman took command of the troops of
the Eighteenth Corps. He scattered his brigades in tiie woods
so that he could not concentrate them on Fort Gilmer until it
had been so heavily reenforced that he was repulsed with, a heavy
loss. This repulse was a severe disappointment to General Grant,
for the capture of Fort Harrison only gave possession of an
advanced line, while that of Fori: Gilmer would have carried all
the Chapin's Bluff works with it. j
The Tenth Corps now moved forward and occupied the enemy's
works lying across the Xcwnurket and Darbytown roads, works
covering the Confederate main line, which was a little over a mile
beyond them. General Grant was now on the ground. Sending
our division over to the Darbytown road, about a mile across from
the Newmarket one, to support Kautz, he directed Birney to
move forward with his other briga.de.-. Ames's division and Briga-
dier-General William Birney's colored brigade moved on Fort
Gilmer by the Kewmarket road, nut they were forced back by m \
srrape and musketry when so close to the works that some of the
colored brigade jumped into t\\c ditch and fried to climb to the
parapet of the fort over each other's shoulders.
We of 'Tern's division were now pushing through the captured
works, Kautz on the right,, all moving under a heavy lire, and in
momentary expectation that the assault on Gilmer would be suc-
cessful, when we proposed to force our way into Richmond. So
vigorously did we move forward that, when the announcement of
the failure of the assault reached us, we were actually less than
four miles from Richmond, awl it required it rapid movement to
got out of the precarious position our sanguine advance had placed
THE NOIITH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 273
our inadequate force in. Chaplain Trumbull says that the head of
our column reached a point from which the roofs and spires of
Richmond were in full view. We rejoined our corps and spent
the night in throwing up light works.
.,__»-— The morning of the 30th of September we moved into a line of
the captured rebel works, which we proceeded to reverse and.
strengthen:, in expectation of an attack. The day was one of
heavy skirmishing only, until in the afternoon, when a heavy force
of the enemy, under the direction of General Lee, assaulted Fort
| Harrison, rind were beaten back three times before abandoning
the attempt to recapture it. General Stannard, who so gallantly
held the fort for us, lost his arm in the second assault.
While tbcoC north-side operations were going on. General Meade
was moving on the left, partly to keep Confederate reinforcements
from being sent to the north side, where so much was hoped for,
and partly to try to gain ground on that flank. The results of his
movements were desultory, although rather in his favor.
On the 1st of October General Terry njoved out on the right,
with a brigade, to make a reeonnoissance. The regiments of our
brigade remained in the works (except the Tenth Connecticut),
lengthening their line to cover the position the regiments on the
reconnoissance had held. The Tenth Connecticut was sent to the
front to make a threatening demonstration to prevent reinforce-
ments being sent against Terry. At night Terry returned, and
the Tenth fell back' to its old position, having been engaged the
whole day in opposing a superior force.
If bad begun to rain during" September 30th, and the officers
and men were without shelter, except for the blanket each man
carried. The night of the 30th was a cold, comfortless one, the
men lying down in the mud to be pelted all night by a pitiless
storm ; and in the morning it still beat down, so that the only
change from the night was, according to Chaplain Trumbull, to
rise and "take the rain perpendicularly instead of horizontally. "
It cleared away during the day.
We spent a few days in strengthening intrenchments, and in
j * JOG
making demonstrations calculated to keep the other side from
attacking. On -the 2d of October the rebels advanced, and for a
time it seemed, from the volume of fire on the picket line, that they
were determined to assault. During the 4tb, 5th, and Gth these
dem-onsti'ations continued. The rebels, as the result proved, were
18
2/4 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
reeonnoitering our line with a view to turning it. The baggage
now came up and skelter tents wore pitched, tlic men got their
"^-HsnapsackSj and the officers were given an opportunity to see their
baggage and get the change of clothes all sadly needed.
During the 6th deserters from the enemy reported that an
attack was impending, and that it would be launched on the morn-
ing of the 7th. The night of the 6th was an anxious one, but it
passed with only picket fighting, and the morning broke without
the anticipated attack. The troops had been in line since day-
light to meet one. Then, jus!, as we were congratu lacing our-
selves on the falsity of our information and preparing to break
ranks, the roar of guns and the crash of musketry far to our right
told ns that the games of the day had begun.
The right hank of out- fore:* — o»r brigade held the extreme
infantry position on that flank — was covered by Kautz's cavalry.
His position was on the Parbytown road at the Confederate line of
intrenchments we had captured on the 29th of September, and
between us stretched a swamp, lie had 1,700 men and two bat-
teries. So threatening was his position that the larger part of tv, o
Confederate divisions, Pit-Id's and Hoke's, with a cavalry force,
moved out on the night of October 6th, and at sunrise of the 7th
attacked Kautz on his front and right flank. He could not stand
up against the attack, and in falling back through the swamp, by
the narrow road crossing if, found the rebel cavalry there before
him. Leaving them his eight guns, his men made desperate
attempts to get under the wing of our division, scouring the woods
in Hying groups. And about as soon as the roar of the enemy's
sudden attack on Kautz came to our ears, the advance of his
broken cavalry squadrons came dashing through the woods on
our flank, riding recklessly through branches and copses. Almost
immediately our division left its intrenchments at the double quick
for a position tit about a right angle to the one we had held.
Colonel Plaisted says that his brigade was moved down the New-
market road in the direction of Deep Bottom for a mile and a
half, when he formed line of battle near (lie junction of the New*
market and Yarn: a roads, and had moved his furce forward, a
hundred yards or so, when wo were fired on by the enemy. Our
briLrade was now in a position at right angles to that wc had left,
llauiey's brigade'on our left. Skirmishers were thrown out — Com-
panies B and 11 of our regiment on our front, with Lieutenant
THE IsTORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 275
Dunhar in command — and they were quickly and fiercely engaged.
Heavy artillery firing was now heard on the line we had hurried
from, and musketry tiring came rolling down the line towards us
as the enemy's skirmishers pressed along it to find the extreme
right of our line, which was held by our brigade. Playing located
it, the rebel commander prepared his assaulting column under
cover of a strong skirmish attack. His line of skirmishers pressed
forward closely to ours, and the rebel battalions formed, for
attack close to their skirmish line, in order to lessen the distance
their rush must be made over. Thick woods were all around us,
hut. for some distance in our front was clear of underbrush. Sud-
denly the sharp lire of skirmishers on our front rose to a roar that
told us that they could see the rebel brigades in motion. Then
tTle skirmishers catrt'e living back through the woods, and a yell
broke out beyond them. Scarcely waiting for our men to get in — ■
indeed, many of them had to throw themselves on the ground, and
: lie there during the engagement — we opened a furious fire on the
rebels as they broke cover, and swept forward with their fierce
battle yell. Instantly the volleys opened on them, and amid
a cloud of smoko they pressed on, their battle flags Haunting and
their officers urging them forward. Then on our left broke forth
the roar of the seven-shooters of Hawley's brigade. Seven volleys
in one ! Flesh and blood could not stand such a cyclone of lead,
and the rebels stopped, broke, and fell back to cover, leaving the
woods piled with their dead and dying.
lv.it they did not give up the attack. Once in shelter, they
turned and opened a fierce fire on us, their showers of bullets tear*
ing through the woods in a whistling storm. The One Hundredth
Hew York', holding the extreme right, had broken and fallen to tlie
rear during the enemy's assault, leaving the flank entirely exposed.
Colonel Plaisted made no effort to stop their retrogade movement,
wasting no time on them, simply calling on the Tenth Connect!-
cut, now on the flank and on our immediate right, to swing its
right a little to the rear and face the rebel line, that was now seek-
ing to move round our right flank. On the Tenth Connecticut,
the Eleventh Maine, and the Twenty-fourth .Massachusetts 7iow
rested the fate of the day. The blood of the men was up. They
had the enemy outside his intrenchmeuts, man to man, for once ;
and;. "although the three regiments were so sadly reduced by the
casualties of the campaign that they could not have had more
276 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
than six hundred men in their brigade line, they were strong m
courage and ardor, and had no thought of giving way. Speaking
for the brigade., Major Camp, of the Tenth Connecticut, wrote homo
of this engagement as follows: ffThe men needed little in the
line of instruction and orders— they knew just what, to do, and
did it. At the first lire the regiment on our right turned and ran.
Our men saw it. knew that the Sauk was now exposed, nothing
there to hinder the immediate advance of the enemy. Nothing is
so apt to shake men into panic. Our men paid no other attention
to it than to give a rousing cheer, just to show the enemy that they
had no thought of giving ground, then turned steadily to their
work. Each man stood fast. Where a comrade fell they gave him
room to lie, no more, There was no random firing in the air, but
rapid loading, cool aim, and shots fehat told. It wa.s <?'ood to se ■
such lighting. Those whom we met were no raw recruits. They
fought well. For a while, though unable to advance, they stood
their ground. Broken once, they rallied again at the urging of their
to ?../■■& & ...to
officers, and once more tried to move forward through the tire
that mowed them down. It was of no use : again thrown into con-
fusion, they fell back, leaving their dead and wounded on the field.
. . . The three New England regiments of our brigade are
as good men as ever fought.''
The New England regiments of Flaisted's brigade were particu-
larly proud of this victory, as it was won largely by their steadiness
while outflanked and in the open field, man to man, without
artillery on either side, and the men opposed to us were of Long-
street's famous corps. Colonel Daisied shared this feeling to such
an extent that the. usually brief return made to the Adjutant-
General of Maine blossoms out in a bit of fun. He wrote :
"'The enemy, hoping to take us by surprise, left his intrenchments,
contrary to Ins custom, and trusted to the open field ; but finding
very soon that faith without works was vain, although we had. hut a
single line of battle to oppose bis columns, he beat a hasty retreat.'"
The loss of the enemy was very large. Among the killed was
General Gregg, commanding the Texas brigade, "a gallant com-
mander of a gallant brigade/' as General Humphreys says in his
history of the campaign of 1SG4. Among the wounded was
another brigade commander, General Bratton, of the South Caro-
lina brigade of Field's division. Our losses were not large. The
casualties in our own. regimen! were as follows :
THE-JSTOETH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 277
Soon after noon of October l&th we received orders to move
in light marching order A reeonnoisance in force was contem-
plated. At. half-past four in the afternoon we moved out through
Companu B.-~ Wounded, Sergeant John W. Hay ward ; Private
Seth 11. Riggs.
Company J). — Wounded. Lieutenant Albert Maxfield ; Corporal
Horace Whittier.
Company E. — Wounded, Private William L. Rollins.
Company G. — Wounded, Private Josiah L. Bennett.
Company IT.— Killed, Privates Ruben H. Cross, Joseph Meader.
Wounded, First Sergeant Nathan J. Gould ; Corporal Charles H.
Cumn^ihgs ; Privates George H. Coffren, Charles B. Rogers,
Company I. — Wounded, Corporal Lewis M. Libby,
Company K. — Wounded, Private Charles F. Bickford,
Killed, 2 ; wounded, 12- — total, 14.
As the cnemv disappeared in the forest, rei'nf orcein ents came
running up the road to the assistance of our imperiled position.
Scouts were sent out by Colonel PMsted to ascertain the enemy's
object, whether to retreat or form for another advance. On their
return with information that the enemy seemed to be in full
retreat, the brigades were moved forward over the battlefield, to
press vigorously upon the enemy's rear, but so quickly did the
Confederates move in retreat that they were across the swamp, and
on the Parbvro vn road, before Ave had an opportunity to strike a
".-.■■. . .
blow. Retiring within their works, they resumed their defensive
position, and this was the last Confederate assault made on the
I north side of the James.
In a congratulatory address to the Army of the damns, General
Bittlei said, of this engagement: "Massing all his veteran troops
on your right flank on the 7th of October, the enemy drove in our
cavalry with the loss of some pieces of horse artillery, but meeting
the steady troops of the Tenth Corps, were repulsed with shueh-
. . .
ter, losing three commanders of brigades, killed and Wounded,
and many field and line officers, and men, killed, wounded, and
prisoners.'
At night we took up a position about where the battle of the
day was fought, and threw up intrenchments. We were engaged
for a week in this work and in arranging our cam]). The tents
and baggage came up, a camp was pitched, and we settled into
routine work again.
278 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
a sallyport of our new works with the other regiments of our
brigade. The force engaged in this movement consisted of
the whole of the First Division, now commanded by General
Ames, General Terry having charge of the corps, sickness hav-
ing obliged General Birney to relinquish the command. We
reached the Cox farm, open ground before our works, where
we baited. Then it became known that a hag of truce was be-
tween the lines, and our regiments were marched back to their
camps.
At three o'clock of the morning of the 13th we were routed out,
and by four o'clock the same force was moving out through the
works again. Marching through the dimness of the early morn-
ing, we crossed the Oex farm, marched through the swamp, and
formed for attack cm the fields of the Johnson plantation, where
Ivautz was again in position. Then we moved across the Darby-
town road to the extensive plains lying between it and the Charles
City road, and began our advance. It was a bright October
morning, clear, bracing, and the men were in high spirits. The
scene was an inspiring cue, as the broad fields our columns formed
in filled with troops. Chaplain Trumbull describes it in these
eloquent words : " The morning was delightful. It was the open-
ing of a bright October day. The air was clear and bracing.
The first rays of the rising sun were reflected from the frosted
surface of the wide-reaching grassy fields, and from the many-
hued forest trees beyond, as the skirmishers oi the three brigades
deployed and moved in a thin waw line, extending far to the
J J . o
right and left, ur) toward the belt of wood where the enemy's
mounted vedettes were distinctly seen. General, staff, and regi-
mental officers rode hither and thither. Corps, division, and
brigade flags were in sight. Long lines of infantry, with flashing
arms and waving standards, were coming up by the flank or ad-
vancing in battle front. Cavalry, with rat I ling sabers and flutter-
ing camp colors, clattered along the road, and the brilliant
guidons of the artillery — still far to the rear — signaled the
approach of the rumbling batteries."
The skirmishers were quickly engaged, and it was soon plain
from the heavv firing that the works were strongly held. "We
pushed our way close to them under a heavy musketry and
artillery fire. A brigade of the Second Division, reehforced by
the Tenth Connecticut, was beaten back, and, a movement of ours
THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 279
J
failing, we finally fell back and retreated to our works, reaching
our camp about dark.
One who was present describes our retreat. It is a companion
piece to the story of the advance as told by Chaplain Trumbull :
e< Our position was in the woods. Adjutant Fox passed quietly
along the line, informing the company commanders that we would
fail back in a few moments, at the same time requesting that any
who might not be able to keep up, if we were pressed to a run, be
sent to the rear at once. A few slightly wounded, who had
hitherto refused*, to leave the ranks, were sent away without
attracting the attention of their comrades, and very shortly the
retreat beean. As we cleared the woods our batteries of artillery,
which had. been planted on slightly derated ground in rear of the
pbiru belched forth their fiery breath 'with an almost continuous
roar, sending their shrieking shells jnst over our heads and into
the woods we had left. The briskly saa robing lines, the flash
and roar of the guns, the bursting shells, the lengthening shad-
ows formed, by the rays of the declining sun, was a scene beyond
description ; but it was but for a moment, for ere we reached the
batteries they limbered and were on their way to camp/"'
A sad incident of the day was the death of Major Camp* of the
Tenth Connecticut, who was killed while personally leading his
regiment in a charge they made with the brigade they reeuforced.
His noble qualities, both, as a soldier and a man, have been truly
and graphically depicted by his closest friend, Chaplain Trum-
bull, in a biographical volume, ccThe Knightly Soldier," from
which work we have freely quoted.
The casualties for the day in the Eleventh were as follows :
Company A. — Killed, Corporal Erastus J. Mansur. Wounded,
Privates John A. Bracket t, Joseph L. Bailey, Asa S. Mclntire,
Perm- Neddo.
Company 5.— Killed, Private Melville G. Nye.
Company C— Wounded, Sergeant Edwin J. Miller.
Company D. — Wounded, Private Daniel YV. Woodbury,
Company F. — Wounded, Privates John P. Arnold, William II.
Doughty. '
Company G. — Wounded, First Sergeant George Payne ; Private
Joseph Currier.
Company X. — Wounded, Private Luther Brown*
Killed, 3; wounded, IP-total, 13.
280 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
i
We resumed camp lite, and the weather becoming cold and
stormy our men began to build log houses, it seeming more than
likely that we would camp here during the winter.
On the ISth of October General Birney died at his home in
Philadelphia. He was a brave and active officer, whose name
was identified with the operations of the Army of the Potomac
from the siege of Yorktown. He was a division commander of
the Second Corps under Hancock, and after that officer retired
by reason of wounds, commanded that corps. He was then given
the command of our corps, and the active operations we were
engaged in after his assumption of command showed the estima-
tion in which he was held by General Grant. But the hardships
of the campaign had enfeebled him, and, attacked by sickness, he
died in the height of his fame.
On the 20th of October a salute was fired by all our batteries in
honor of Sheridan's great victory over Early at Cedar Creek,
Virginia. On the 22d of October Private Lorenzo D. Stewart, of
Company K, was mortally wounded on the picket line.
In the latter part of October, Grant pushed a strong force from
the left towards the South Side Railroad. In connection with the
movement we made one on the right. Moving out at daylight- of
the 27th of October, we drove the enemy's pickets in on the Bar-
bytown and the Charles City roads, and moved forward to threaten
their works without intending to assault them. While we were
maneuvering before the works, Genera] Weitzel, in command of
tin/ Eighteenth Corps, was moving with that corps to turn the
Confederate left flank by pushing through White Oak Swamp
and taking possession of the unoccupied rebel works on the
Williamsburg and JSFew Bridge roads ; then was to move on
Richmond. But General Longstreet, now in command of the
Confederate forces on the north side of the James, anticipated
the movement so effectually that Weitzel found the supposed-to-be
unoccupied works so thoroughly occupied as to make his attack
on them a complete failure, with a heavy loss in both men and
colors, each of his two attacking brigades losing three colors.
About the hour of the afternoon that Weitzel met with this
defeat, we were ordered to press our demonstrations and, if pos-
sible, to carry the works. The attempts made to carry out this
order were unsuccessful. We had to remain on the ground that
rainy night to cover the retreat of Weitzel's men, who wearily
THE i^TOBTH SIDE OF THE JAMES. 281
plodded back through the mud and darkness, not reaching a safe
position in our rear until early morning. We then moved back
into our own works.
Our losses., October 27th., were as follows :
Company 0, — Wounded, Private Seth A. Billington.
Company G. — Prisoner, Private George Harmon.
Wounded, 1 ; prisoner, 1 — total, 2.
On the 29th of October our cavalry pickets were driven in from
their position of observation on Johnson's plantation, the position
that. Kautz was driven from on the 7th of the month. Anticipating
an attack of the same sort as the one we then repelled, our division
moved out across the intervening swamp in which Kautz left his
guns in the aliair of the 7th. Reaching a position on the other
side, we formed a strong skirmish line and charged the captured
picket works, the enemy running from them as we neared them.
Our losses, October 29fch, were as follows :
Company D. — Wounded, Sergeant Robert Brady, Jr.
Company K. — Wounded, First Sergeant Henry II. Davis ; Pri-
vate Levi Pooler,
Wounded, 3.
The regiment had now served the three years it was originally
mustered in for, and the remaining members of the original
organization who had not rcenlisted prepared for their departure
for Maine. On the morning of November 2d they marched away,
under command of Colonel Plaisted, to go to Augusta, where
they would be paid oil and disbanded, 'i'lie last we heard of our
old friends was that they marched beautifully that day, although
the mnd was deep and the roads badly rutted ; so well did they
march, that Colonel Plaisted told them they had never done
better in their military lives, and, as he jocularly put it, it was
the first march during which not one of his command fell out.
You see, tlicv were marching in the risrlit direction.
The following order was issued by Golonel Plaisted on his
departure for Maine with the original members of the regiment :
Headquarters, 3d Brig., 1st Diy., 10th A. C,
Befoke Richmond, Va., November 1, 1864.
General Orders No* 30.
The Colonel commanding cannot take leave of this command,
even temporarily, without giving expression of his respect and
282 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
admiration Cor the brave men whom it has been bis good fortune
to command.
While life shall last he will remember with pride and extreme
satisfaction the brave deeds and heroic conduct of the men of the
Third Brigade. The Army of the United States cannot boast of
your superiors, and, in his bumble opinion, you stand unrivaled
by any troops who have fought in the Army of the James. "Your
name and fame are familiar as household words in the camps o!
this army corps and among your fellow-citizens at home. Your
iron will and firmness have won for yourselves the proud title of
"The Ironclads/'
Since this campaign commenced you have participated in more
than twenty actions, besides skirmishes almost without number.
You have never failed to accomplish what was set down for you.
to do, and your conduct has always called forth the praises of
your commanding officers. It has never occasioned them a single
regret. That cowardly cry , ei We are flanked \" has never been
heard in your ranks. When oilier troops have given way on your
right or your left, you have shown to the enemy that you had no
flanks and no rear — that the Third Brigade were, all front, and
that, too, of steel. How well that front has been maintained in
this campaign, the long list of your casualties — 1,385 out of 2,693
- — sadly but gloriously attest.
Fellow-soldiers, of your history it may indeed be said : '-'The
past at least is secure." You have won a noble distinction in a
noble army, fighting for a noble cause. That your future will be
equally successful and brilliant, your conduct in the past leaves
no room for doubt. Your brave deeds will be remembered iu
your country's history and be the proud boast of your descend-
ants.
Li conclusion-, the Colonel commanding desires to repeat, for
your encouragement, the language of Washington to his brave
troops, who had won for us the cause we are now contending to
maintain. Ci Let me remind you/' said he, " you, the private
soldiers, of the dignified part you have performed in this great
struggle. For happy—thrice happy — will he be accounted here-
after who has contributed, though in the least degree, to the
establishment of this gigantic Republic on the broad basis of
human freedom and empire." Immortal honors will belong to
you as saviors of the Republic, no boss than to our Fathers, as
founders of it.
By order of Col. H. M. Plaisted,
11th 3fe. Vols., Commanding Brigade.
• : (Signed,) Frank Hawkins,
Copt, and A. A. A. General.
The regiment was now in command of Lieutenant Max field.
Lieutenant-Colonel Hill and Major Baldwin had not vet recovered,
THE KOKTH SIDE Or THE JAMES. 283
from their wounds. Most of the surviving line officers had gone
home, to be mustered out. Lieutenant Maxfield mustered with the
colors the few remaining reenlisted men, a small body of the men
of '.&% and of the men of '6.3 and '04., and had the promise that
a sufficient number of recruits were on their way from Maine to
keep the regiment in the field. By the corning of these recruits
the regiment was enabled to keep its individuality to the end,
avoiding consolidation with other regiments.
Before the arrival of these recruits the regiment, or battalion,
was ordered north. The morning after their comrades left for
Maine, the Eleventh, in company with the Tenth Connecticut,
marched to Deep Bottom, and sailed from there to Fortress
Monroe, where a provisional division was forming to proceed to
New York City for the purpose of keeping the peace there during
the pending presidential election. This division consisted of the
Eleventh Maine, the Sixth, Seventh, and Tenth Connecticut
Regiments, the Third and Seventh New Hampshire, the Thir-
teenth Indiana. One Hundred and Twelfth New York, Battery
M of the First United States Artillery, and. other troops, and was
under the command of General Ilawiey. It sailed from Fortress
Monroe on the 4th of November, the Eleventh on the steamer
General Ltjm, with the One Hundred and Twelfth New York
and the Sixth and Tenth Connecticut.
Arriving in New York Harbor the morning of the 6th of No-
vember, on the morning of the 7th the troops landed at Fort Rich-
mond, on Staten Island, and at night went on board steamers
which conveyed them to points along the river front of New
Tori; City. The Eleventh Maine, Third New Hampshire, Thir-
teenth Indiana, and One Hundred and Twelfth New York Regi-
ments, and Battery M of the First U. S. Artillery, went on board
the ferryboat Westfielcl and proceeded to Pier -J.2, North River.
The force lay there through the 8th (election day), the 9th, and
10th, and until the 11th, when, the authorities becoming satisfied
that the knowledge of the short, sharp fate rioting mobs would
meet with at the hands of the grim veterans posted along the
river front had secured a peaceful election, the force returned to
Fort Richmond, and after a couple of days spent in this strong-
hold embarked on the 14th (the Eleventh on the steamer North
Point), and put to sea that night. Major Baldwin rejoined, the
regiment on November 11th.
28-1 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Arriving at Fortress Monroe, the provisional division formation
was discontinued and the regiments proceeded each to its own
campground, the Eleventh reaching its camp ground on Chapin's
Farm the 17th of November. In its camp, in charge of the
guard left to care for the regimental baggage, the regiment found
two hundred and. one recruits to be distributed through its skele-
ton companies',
Lieutenant-Colonel Hill returned from hospital, Xovember 22d,
and took command of the regiment, relieving Major Baldwin.
The eventful campaign of 1864 was now at mi end, and the
regiment, going into winter quarters, began and perfected the
reorganization that enabled it to take the field in the spring of
1805, strong in numbers and perfect in discipline.
The losses of the regiment in battle in the campaign of 18(3-1
were as follows :
Killed, 44; wounded, 260; prisoners, 18— total, 322.
We had lost many by disease, end some had been discharged for
disabilities other than wounds. We had also lost through dis-
charges, by expiration of term of service, 11 officer? and 1 31 enlisted
men. We had gained 204 recruits.
The strength of the regiment, shown by the following return
for the month of Xovember, was as follows : Present for duty —
Officers, 11. ; enlisted men, 300. Absent from all causes — Officers,
10 ; enlisted men, 271. Total on the rolls— Officers, 21 ; enlisted
men, 070.
Total, 601.
CHAPTER XXVJI.
IX WINTER QUARTERS.
The Opposing Lines — Changes in the Army of the James — The Twenty-
fourth Corps— Its Badge — Changes in the Rank and File of the Regi-
ment— Sergeant Blake's Story of Prison Life — Changes in the Field,
Staff, and Line of the Regiment — -General Plaisted's Farewell Order.
The Armies of the Potomac and of the James were now in
win tor quarters. The opposing lines stretched from north of our
eam]> at Chopin's Farm to south of Hatcher's Hun. The Con-
federate intrenchmenis, the course of which our intrenched lines
followed as nearly as was possible, extended from White Oak
Swamp, on their loft, to Hatcher's Run on their right, a distance
s
of thirrv-seven miles. Ei^ht miles of this line was north of the
James, five was on the Bermuda Hundred front, and sixteen on the
Petersburg Hue. These lines were all hold by infantry. The space
between Ghapiu's Bluif and Bermuda Hundred, four miles, was
held by heavy artillery, and that along the Appomattox River,
running from Bermuda Hundred to the left of the Petersburg
intrenchmcuts, another four miles, wasHteld by batteries of artil-
lery.
T!iis long Confederate line was known to be bitt thinly manned,
and the Confederate army was known to be bnt poorly supplied
and scantily recruited. And it was constantly dwindling, through
deaths and desertions, while our well-appointed and plentifully
supplied armies were daily growing in numbers by conscription,
aud by the enlisting of the host of adventurous spirits that flocked
to America from all parts of the world, led on by a thirst for gold
and glory, And not only the gold and the glory weie with the
North, but our strict blockade of Southern ports did not allow
these adventurers a choice of sides. It was with confidence, then,
that we looked forward to the campaign of the coming spring,
feeling, from commanding general to high private, that we would
then break through the opposing lines, and at last win our way
into the stubbornly defended city of Richmond.
Many changes took place in the divisions of the Army of the
James this winter. The Twenty-fourth Corps was organized from
L :
280 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
the white troops of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps. General Ord
was the first conimauder of the new corps, bat he became com-
mander of the Army of the James, and the command of the
Twenty-fourth Corps was given to General John Gibbon, who
had been leading a division of the Second Corps, The Twenty-
fifth Corps was formed of the colored troops of the Eighteenth and
the Ninth Corps. General Godfrey Weitzel was given command
of this corps. The Tenth and Eighteenth Corps were thus dis-
organized.
In January our old commander, General Terry, was detached
from the Army of' the James, with Ames's division and Abbott's
brigade of the Twenty-fourth Corps, and Paine's division of the
Twenty-fifth Corps, eight thousand infantry in all. These troops
were sent in transports to take part in the attack on Port Fisher.
How well they did their duty is a matter of history, and. it is a
source of pride to us that their achievement is part of the history
of the Army of the James. They did not rejoin us after the fall
of. Fort Fisher, but operated in North Carolina under General
Sebofield, subsequently joining Sherman's army with Sehofield's
command when Sherman passed into North Carolina on his march
from Atlanta.
A Tenth Corps was subsequently organized out of Terry's
troops, partly as a compliment to that popular officer. But this
was in the last days of March, and it was disbanded almost a?
soon as formed.
The final arrangement of the Twenty-fourth Corps was as
follows :
C O R PS C 0 M M A.K" DE K .
Major-General John Gibbon.
First Division.
Brigadier- General Robert S. Foster.
First Brigade, Colonel Thomas 0. Osborn.
Third Brigade, Colonel George B. Dandy.
Fourth Brigade, Colonel Harrison S. Fairchild.
Third Division.
Brigadier-General Charles DeYens.
First Brigade, Colonel Fdward II. Ribley.
Second Brigade, Colore! M. T. Donohue.
Third Brigade, Colonel Samuel IT. Roberts.
IN WINTER QUARTERS. 287
In dc n e?i de nt Divisi o n .
Brigadier-General John W. Turner.
First Brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Potter.
Second Brigade, Colonel W. B. Curtis.
Third Brigade, Colonel Thomas M. Harris.
It will be seen that the second division of our corps, the division
commanded by General Ames, and the second brigade of our divi-
sion (Abbott's) were absent. As has been, stated, tbey were with
General Terry in North Carolina.
The badge adopted for the corps by General Gibbon was a heart.
In the order promulgating it he said : "The symbol selected tes-
tifies our alVeeiionate regard for all our brave comrades alike, the
living and the dead, and our devotion to our snered cause."
Our brigade was composed of the Tenth Connecticut, Colonel
Otis; One Hundredth New York, Colonel George B. Dandy :
Eleventh Maine, Colonel Jonathan A. Hill ; and the Two Hun-
. dred and Sixth Pennsylvania, Colonel Hugh Brady. The last-
named regiment was one of recent formation.
The changes in our regiment were numerous. The mustering out
of those of the •'•original members" who had not reenlisted had
withdrawn a large number of brave and thoroughly trained soldiers
from us. Then, of the reenlisted veterans an extraordinary pro-
portion had been killed and permanently; disabled in the campaign
of 1864, so that our regiment now depended largely for its trained
soldiers on the acMftixms of 1&62, 1863, and 1864. The only
entirely veteran organization remaining villi us was Company B,
which joined in 1862. Company I was almost a new organization,
the Captain, Second Lieutenant, and about two-thirds of the
enlisted men of the eighth unassmned company, organized, in
Maine in the winter of 1864, having been assigned to it.
Among our permanent Josses were those of our men taken pris-
oner during the kite campaign. Few of these returned to us, the
hardships and cruelties of their prison life, especially when con-
lined in Andersonvillc, entirely unfitting them for farther service
in me field. The story of life in Southern prisons has been told
many times, and all its horrors are well known ; yet it may be that
the story of Sergeant Gardiner E. Blake, of Company D, who was
taken, prisoner, with others, at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2,
1864, contains enough that is new to make it interesting to many.
28S THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
If he seei^s to have received more consideration from the Confed-
erate authorities than did so many others, his rank as Sergeant
may have served him somewhat ; then he was a man of the world,
having followed the sea for many years, attaining the rank of
Captain of a vessel, so knew better than most of his fellow-prison-
ers how to gain and keep the ear of authority. Then, too, lie
belonged to a mighty brotherhood, members of which are found in
all lands and in all conditions, on thrones and in hovels, in
church and camp, in field and prison, This is his story :
il Just after daybreak of June 2, 1SGT, the rebels advanced on
our lines at Bermuda Hundred, Ya. Company D was stationed
at Warebottom Church, and held its position until flunked, when
we full back to our reserve pits, where Company II was stationed,
There we fought until we were flanked again. In falling back.
Captain Mud«etfc, Privates Martin V. Bryant and Lawrence
Kelley, and myself, all of Company 1), were cut off and obliged to
surrender. Private Sumner M. Bolton was also captured, but was \ ■
left behind, as he was badly wounded near the eye. We, the four
first-named, were marched to Petersburg that day, and taken be-
fore the Provost-Marshal of that city. Our valuables were now
taken from us. They took $130, three silver watches, and a jack-
knife from me. That night we received a little boiled rice for our
supper. The next day we were put aboard the cars, and sent to
Charleston, S. C, where we were put in the city jail, which was
under the tire of our guns or- Morris Island. We were given three
cakes of hard bread while on our way to Charleston. We now had
some cooked rice given us, and about noon we received the large
crackers, and were told that was two days* rations. The same day
we were taken to the cars, and sent to Savannah, Ga. We stopped
there about two hours, and then left for Macon, Ga., where Cap-
tain Mudgett was left. We then proceeded to Andersonville,
where we were put into the prison stockade, with no shelter.
This was about the 7th of dune. Our ration for twenty-four
hours was at that time one pint and a half of coarse corn-meal, of
which we made a gruel.
" 1 had not been there but a few clays when I heard the report
of a rille, and heard a man yell at the top of his voice. On look-
ing around, I found that a rebel guard had shot a prisoner for
getting over the 'dead line/ That was the Brsfc I knew of the
dead lino. Afterwards I found that: ii was a very common thins:
IN WINTER QL7ARTERS. 289
I
for a -prisoner to cross the dead line, through ignorance, and get
shot, by the guard. The assassin would get a thirty days' furlough
for his bravery !
"The result of our corn-meal diet was a chronic disease of the
bowels, and scurvy, from which hundreds died. About the 1st
of July the death-rate increased to twice the usual number, and
we thought the rebels were putting poison into the meal. About
this time there came a, report that some prisoners were robbing
others of their rations. We chose some men to act as detectives,
and found the charge to be true. We then entered, a complaint
to Captain Wirtz, the keeper of the prison. He told us to punish
| the thieves. We then chose twelve of the older prisoners as jury-
men, and took the thieves outside fee prison by consent of Cap-
tain Wirtz, and had them tried. They were found guilty. Six
were sentenced to be hung on a gallows in the prison, and one to
.....
wear a hveuty-four-pound ball and chain during his time of im-
prisonment, and on the 11th day of July we hung the six con-
demned men upon one gallows, and, I must say, it was the worst
sight of my life.
"'Not many days after this there came up a very heavy thunder-
storm that washed away part of the stockade. Some of the
prisoners got some of the pieces, and buried them in the sand for
wood to burn. For this Captain Wirtz gave out no rations for
forty-eight hours, causing many deaths. About the last of July
the rebel quartermaster and a Confederate doctor visited the
prison in search of tunnels, as some of the prisoners had been
tunneling out. but had made their escape only to be captured
again by the aid of bloodhounds. I spoke to tins doctor ami told
him my condition, scurvy and chronic disease of the bowels. I
asked him to take me outside of the prison and let me see if I
could not find some relief, lie took compassion on me and took
me outside ami talked with me, and. at last took me before Captain
Wirtz and had me paroled. On entering Wirtz's tent the doctor
told him that lie had brought a prisoner, ami wanted him to
administer the oath of parole. Finally Wirtz consented, ami
saiil : * Yank, take off your cap, and hold up your right hand.5
Of course I obeyed. Then he said : ' You swear that you will not
go beyond your pass, nor have any talk with the negroes, nor
anything to do with our soldier's, so help you God/ I said, *' I
do.'' l\n then put a forefinger close to my nose, and said : 'You
39
290 THE STQEI OF OXE REGIMENT.
sec that you do, £ur if you do not I will put the hounds on your
track, and catch, you again ; and then Twill put a ball and chain
around your G— cl d d nock/ After this the doctor took me
near his tent, and showed me a tent that I might use, and told
me that about four o'clock I would tee the supply team coming,
and I must tell the driver that the doctor told me to get of him
what fresh meat I thought I could eat raw. In this way I got all
the fresh beef that I could eat, and took it to my tent and ate it
raw, and lived on raw beef for a number of days to the lessening of
my scurvy. About three: days later I saw a rebel carpenter at
work near by. I made my way to him, and showed him. my legs,
which were swelled to twice their natural size. 'This is scurvy/
I said. ' Can you get me a few potatoes to eat raw, for I am told
that raw potatoes are good for the scurvy/ He told me that lie
would, but I must not let. anyone know of it. The next morning
he brought me what potatoes he could put in his coat pockets,
and did so a number of times. The potatoes, together with t lie-
raw beef, helped me much.
"About the last of August I heard a great noise in the prison,
and on going to learn the cause, I saw the prisoners leaving by
hundreds. 1 was told there was to be a parole. I went, to the
doctor and told him I wanted to go with them. He said I had
better stop where I was ; but; I would not, as I thought there was
to be a parole, and so I wont with the rest to the depot and got
on board the curs. They were box cars, without seats. We were
■on the bars five days and nights, and. then we arrived at Charles-
ton, S. C, and were placed upon the race-course, with a guard
over its, and a number of artillery pieces around us. We left a
number of dead in the ears, as many were too weak to stand the
ride. We now lived on corn-bread. The race-course was two
miles north of Charleston, From here we had the pleasure of
hearing our '^iin^ on Morris Island.
"We remained on the race-course about three weeks, after
which we were put upon the cars again and sent to Florence, S. C,
which is erne hundred miles north of Charleston. On arriving,
we saw another place very much like Andersonville prison ready
to receive us. This was some time in September. My clothing
had begun to fail me about this time. My shirt was about gone,
for the lice at Andersonville laid eaten it nearly up; they were
very plenty among us. My stockings were alt gone, and, of
IX. WINTER QUARTERS. 291
course, what little elotnmg I had was very dirty and fast going,
with no prospect of getting any more.
" We will now cull it October. After being here ten or fifteen
days, 1 saw a rebel lieutenant in prison looking for a man that
was handy with a knife, for he wanted a valise made of thin
boards. I told him I could do the job, and he furnished me with
a knife and some thin boards, and I soon had him a valise made,
covering the box with a rubber blanket. When he called for it,
I risked him if lie could get me paroled outside of the prison, as I
was not very well. lie said lie would see what lie could do, and
lot me know in a few days, lie came to me in a day or two and
took me outside of the prison and talked with me, and then took
me to the Lieutenant- Colonel of the Fifth Georgia Regiment.
He gave me permission to stop outside the prison by day, hut I
must go in at night, I was made happy then, for I knew that I
could now get more to eat.
" I did not go but a short distance from prison for a number of
clays. At last I went over to the camp of a Confederate regiment,
made up of boys and old men. They had gray suits, but no
bright buttons. They wanted to buy the buttons on my blouse.
I said, 'What will you give me for the four buttons?' One
young man said he would give me two long plugs of tobacco. I
v ■ »
took his knife:, cut them off, and gave them to him for the to-
bacco, and made me a wooden pin to pin my blouse together. I
went back to the prison and sought out Private Martin V. Bryant,
liixd told him what I had done. flp\V,' said I, *'you take this
tobacco, cut it in small pieces, and put it in a haversack, and go
about the prison and give one piece of the tobacco for a button/
He did so, and came back with two or three pints of buttons.
The next day 1 took about one pint of the buttons, and went to
: the old men's regiment, and sold t\\o buttons for tobacco, beans,
red peppers, and fifty or sixty dollars in Confederate money. 1
returned to Bryant, and he now set up a'su tier's shop in prison,
and exchanged my goods for buttons, or anything lie could trade
for. One day, on my arrival in prison, Bryant told me he knew
where he could buy a pair of shoes for fifteen dollars if I would
let him have the money, as he had: now been barefooted for six
weeks* lie got the slices. Thev were worth about twenty-tive
cents in greenbacks. 1 paid $id m Confederate moony for a
very old cavalry overcoat, and that covered most of my rags.
292 >. THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
" One day a rebel lieutenant;, by the name of Barrot, came into
prison and fired bis revolver two or three times to show us his
great courage. I do not know of his doing any harm by firing
his revolver, but he was as bad a man as Captain Wirtz, and
ought to have been hung on the same gallows.
" About the last of October the rebel officers told, me that they
would have some buildings put up for the sick if I would take
some of the prisoners and have the material brought to the prison,
but that I must be responsible that none of my men ran away..
They said they would give them an extra ration to do the work.
I. soon had twenty men at work, getting logs and poles, and in two
or three weeks we had some buildings up, sheltering the sick and
dying. "We were treated much be tier at this prison than we had
been at any oilier place in the Confederacy ; still, there were ter-
rible sights. The dead were all taken from the prison every
morning, placed on a mule team, and. hauled away to their place
of burial packed on the wagon, one man atop, of another, just
like so many dead hogs. They were buried side by side, coffin-
less, in a trench dug wide enough to place them in crosswise.
" The middle of Xovember came, and the weather was growing
colder each day. I began to feel uneasy, fearing we must stop
with the rebels all winter. I got leave of the officers in charge to
let me build a log house about eight by ten feet to live in outside
of the prison. J got that built and got a prisoner to live with
me, when there came word that there was to be a parole, and we
were to go home once more. All 'was excitement, and soon we
were paroled and put on board the ears and sent to Savannah,
where si earners lay waiting for us. We received new clothes on
board the steamer, and plenty to eat, and in a few days we
landed at Annapolis, where we got a furlough for thirty days to
go to our homes. .VII of Company 1) captured at this time sur-
vived their imprisonment, except Private Lawrence Kelley, who
died in Anderson ville prison/''
The change,- in the personnel of t ho field, staff, and line of (he-
Eleventh were as marked as those in tin1 rank and file. Colonel
Plaisted resigned during the winter, soon after receiving his star.
lie had commanded the brigade for many months, almost continu-
ously since it was organized v.i Gloucester Point in April, 1864.
Hi- services to the regiment had been very great, both as an
organizer and a. disciplinarian, in- both of which qualifications he
XX WINTER QUARTERS. 293
excelled. And then his influence and reputation in Maine were
such that his recruiting officers had little difficulty in bringing a
sufficient number of recruits to his colors to keep his companies
well manned, and at no time, under his skillful management, was
there any foreboding of consolidation with other commands.
Thanks to Colonel Plaisted, the Eleventh Maine kept its own
organization to the end, and its history is unclouded by the
necessity of mingling with it that of any other military organiza-
tion.
The following farewell address was issued by General Plaisted
i to his brigade :
r
lh-:.u>QUARTFKs3 3d Brig., 1st Pit., 24tii A, C.,
Army or the Jambs,
Before Richmond, Va., .'March 25, 1SG5.
To the Officers and SuJdfers of the Third Brigade
(IWi Me., 10th Conn., 24=ih Mass., 100th AT. I ., 206th Fa.).
At last, Soldiers, it becomes my duty to say farewell ! That
word may sometimes be spoken ami not carry with it the heart's
regret, but not by him who has for years shared the pleasant com-
panionship of soldiers.
That companionship with yon T have shared in a campaign
which will be celebrated even in the world's history — celebrated
for the brave deeds and manly virtues of a patriot army contend-
ing for Government, Freedom, and Empire — yes, Soldiers, with
you !
1 will not rehearse your history in that campaign. Suffice it to
say, the record shows you engaged your cuuuuy's foes, and had,
killed and wounded, some of your number on fifty-nine different
days ! — that your losses, in the aggregate, were 1 ,385 out of
2,693 ! — and that among the mimes of the battlefields adjudged
to belong to your banners are : " Walthall June! ion " or " Green
Valley,""" Chester Station," "Drurr's Bluff," " Richmond Pike."
"Bermuda Hundred." "Richmond and Petersburg Railroad/'
""vYarebotfoin Church," "Strawberry Plains," "Deep Bottom,"
"Deep Run,''- " Russell's Mills," " Siege of Petersburg," " New-
market Heights," "Newmarket Road," "Darhytown Road/'
<k Charles City Road," "'Johnson's Plantation." Re proud of your
record. Veterans ; you have a right to be.
Should your country need your services in the field again., not
only your past conduct, but your present unsurpassed excellence
in drill and discipline, furnish the surest guaranty that your
future will be even more brilliant than the past, Reviewed by
the Lien tenant-General and the Secretary of War a few days
since, your soldierly appearance won from those high officials the
2y4 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
strongest expressions of their approbation and delight. What
would they have thought had they seen you fight!
The respect and confidence of such troops, after such service,
is honor enough. It is a sufficient reward for the best efforts —
the endeavors of a lifetime. I am indebted to you, Comrades.
Your conduct has afforded me the keenest pleasure of my life,
and, while life shall last, memory will constantly recur to the
conduct of the " Iron Brigade " with as much, pride and gratitude
as the heart is capable of.
I heartily congratulate you upon the prospect of early peace.
In the opinion of our greatest general, the "hard fighting is
over/' May the day come quickly when you can return to your
homes, to resume your peaceful pursuits and to receive the honors
which belong to our country's defenders. Then will you, in your
civil life, vindicate the high character of the army, by aiding to
restore and preserve the public morals, and by proving to your
fellow-citizens that in learning to become good soldiers you have
become the best of citizens. For your generous confidence and
support, Soldiers, you have the grateful thanks of your late
Brigade Commander, and his best wishes for your future welfare
and happiness. Farewell !
To the Eleventh Maine, my old Companions, farewell !
(Signed,) II. 31. Plaisted,
Colonel 11///. Maine Volunteers and-
Brevet Brigadier- General.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
LAST "DAYS Ois THE X011TH SIDE.
Colonel Dandy the Brigade Commander — Hill and Baldwin Promoted —
The Fame of Hill — Henry O. Fox and Other Adjutants — Our Quarter-
masters— Our Surgeons — Our Chaplains — The Non-commissioned
Staff — The New Line Officers — The New Men — Our Camp — A Cold
Winter — Pickets and their Whiskey Ration — Reviewed by General
Grant and Secretary Stanton — Reviewed by President Lincoln —
Marching Orders — To the South Side Again — Organization of the
Regiment.
Ox the departure of General Plaisted the command of the
brigade devolved, upon Colonel Dandy, of the One Hundredth
Hew York. Lieutenant- Colonel Hill now received his commission
as Colonel., and we were all highly pleased at his promotion ; for
from the day in June, 186.4, on which Lieutenant-Colonel Spoilerd
was mortally wounded, and called him, then Captain Hill, to his
side, and passed over to him the command of the regiment.
Colonel Hill commanded, it in nearly all its movements until he
lost his right arm at the Battle of Deep Bun. And he led his
men with such skill and bravery that his promotions were felt
to be well earned. Not only was he thought highly of by his
own men, but throughout the corps; and even now, whenever tin;
Eleventh Maine is spoken of by survivors, of the Old Tenth and
Twenty-fourth Corps, the name of Hill is not forgotten.
One day, a very few years ago, the writer stepped into a drug
store in the city of Brooklyn, and while "waiting for his prescrip-
tion to he Oiled overheard a stout, gray-imistacbcd gentleman
giving a group of friends a portion, of his war experience. He
spoke of " General Hill," and in high praise. Ah ! thought I, a
Confederate veteran, and I called to mind Generals D. II. and
A, P. Hill, of that service. But when he said. "General Hill
was one of the bravest men in the army, and commanded one of
the best regiments that went out of the old State of Maine," 1
knew of whom he was talking, and promptly made my way to trie
front. Then, introducing myself, I learned thai our friend was
Dr. Carter, once surgeon of the One Hundredth $Tew York.
29G THE ST011Y OF ONE REGIMENT.
The promotion of Colonel Hill gave Major Baldwin a step up, and
lie became Lieutenant- Colonel. And his promotion was a well-
earned one, too. Colonel Baldwin was a brave and skillful officer,
one whom the men followed with a confidence second only to that
with which they followed Colonel Hill. And Baldwin, too, was
grievously wounded in the August week of ISG-i that cost us so
dearly. Like Hill, he followed the example of brave old Spoftord,
and, while keeping his men closely to cover whenever possible,
himself stood boldly forth, a shining mark for sharpshooters, these
officers holding that it was their duty to expose themselves in
order that they might keep watch of the movements of the enemy.
This temerity cost Spoftord his life, Hill his right arm, and Bald-
win wounds from which he has never fully recovered.
These promotions resulted in that of Captain Henry C. Adams,
of Cum puny G, to the rank of Major, although he did not receive
his commission until after Lee surrendered. Major Adams had
served as Commissary Sergeant, Sergean (-Major, and Quarter-
master, and was on General Butler's stall during the campaign
of 3864, returning to the regiment in the early winter, to be
mustered as Captain,
The changes in the staff were marked ones. Adjutant Henry
0. Fox, who had served as adjutant since the fall of 1862,
resigned his commission to take service in a regiment raised to act
against the hostile Indians on the Western plains. He had suc-
ceeded Adjutant Hume, who succeeded Adjutant. Ponnell, the
''original " Adjutant. Adjutant Fox became a favorite officei from
the beginning. Tall, slender, of soldierly bearing, with bright,
dark eyes, a smiling month, and a clear resonant Voice, be was the
beau-ideal of an adjutant, He was succeeded by Lieutenant
Hauscooi, a new coiner, who joined the regiment with the Eighth
unassigned, now ei new'' Company 1. Adjutant Hanscom served
us faithfully until the year for which he entered service had
expired.
While noting changes in the Field and Stall', perhnps it will be
well to mention such officers as were connected with them at one
time and another, and. whose names, except perhaps incidentally,
have not appeared in this story.
Lieutenant Ivorv J. Robinsou, our first Quartermaster, was one
of these, lie was taken ill soon after we lauded on the Peninsula,
and started for home, on sick leave. He died on the journey.
1 ;
LAST DAYS UN THE NORTH SIDE. 297
I
Wagonmaster John Ham succeeded Lieutenant Robinson as
Quartermaster. Ham was most remarkable for being addicted to
wearing civilian clothes, and for nearly always having an unligh ted
cigar between his lips. "Who are yon, sir?" sternly asked Gen-
eral Emory, as Quartermaster Ham appeared before him at Bri-
gade Headquarters at Yorktown in the fall of 1862.
• * I'm Quartermaster Ham, of the Eleventh Maine."
-'u Go to your regiment, put on your uniform, then come here
and make known your business," growled the old martinet.
Quartermaster Ham was not the only officer having a liking for
citizen's clothing. Old General Yod&es dressed in such whenever
he was off duty.
*k You can't pass here," said a sentry to him.
"But I'm General Yodges."
is You can't play that on me," was the scornful answer. u Every
d cl old fool that comes around in citizen's clothes and a stove-
■
pipe hat calls him -elf Yodges."
Quartermaster Ham resigned in January, 1864.
After temporary successors, Lieutenant Win. II. H. Andrews
b e c a 1 1 \ o Q a ; i r t e r i n aster.se r v i n g until w e w e re m u s t e r e d o u t . Quar-
termaster Andrews was a man of indomitable energy, caring only
to eje'i his loaded wagon train, with thebelonsfingsof his regiment,
lo the front on time. While ho was quartermaster it was a rare
thing for the regiment to have more than marched upon the ground
selected for a bivouac, before the white canvas tops of his wagons
rolled into sight.
Succeeding Doctors Chirk and Wilbur, our original Surgeons
(they each served bul a short time), Dr. Nathan P. Blunt became
our regimental surgeon. A distinguished surgeon and an able
physician, In- rendered valuable services until Juno, 1865, when
the state of his health made it imperative that he should retire
tram service. lie was succeeded by Dr. Richard L. Cool:, who
had been serving under Dr. Blunt as Assistant Surgeon, succeed-
ing Dr. John E. Bates, who died on the steamer Galiawba. Dr.
Cook was a competent surgeon and physician, and a most careful
and painstaking officer. A kindly man, he was ever ready to loan
his hor>e to a limping soldier, and so frequently was he called upon
(o do so. thai in the campaigns of 18G4 and L865 the doctor
marched almost, as many miles on fool as any r>'- us;
But Assistant Surgeon Woodman \V. Royal was our net doctor.
■
29S
THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT.
With the gentlest of touches, lie had the firmest of nerves, and
would probe a wound or cut off a limb with almost an appearance
of enjoying it. Then, his pleasant eccentricities of words and
manner were the delight of all his friends and patients. But ma-
lingerers got little mercy' from. him. When a soldier was brought
to him at a field hospital by stretchermen, who said their burden
seemed snnstruck, the busy doctor gave one look at the clouded
sky, then raised his stout foot and smote the prostrate recreant,
sending him and the stretcher rolling over and over, as lie cried:
" Sunstruek on a cloudy day, you d d coward ! Go back and get
killed, and. then come here and I'll see what I can do for you/'
Our first Chaplain was the .Rev. Caleb H. Ellis. He retired
from service soon after the regiment entered upon the Peninsula
campaign. lie was succeeded by the Ret. James Wells, who
remained in service until the close of -the campaign of 1864.
Chaplain Wells was a true gentleman, and performed the some-
times thankless duties of his office with tact and. faithfulness.
He found that the real work of a chaplain was in the hospitals.
Here a chaplain is always welcomed ; and in comforting the
dying, and ministering to the sick and wounded, reading to them
and writing for them, he performs tender services that endear
him to many hearts. In the performance of such duties Chaplain
Wells won respect and friendship ; and if it is given those who
have gone before to know of the coming of those left behind,
when our good old friend passed over the river, he was doubtless
tenderly welcomed on the other shore by the many comrades whose
earthly eyes were closed for the last time by his pitying touch.
The non-commissioned si. -ill was entirely changed. The suc-
cessors of Hume, Fox, Adams, Morris, Maxfieldj and Morton
were faithful men, but the war was too near an end to give them
opportunities, so it would not bo fair to judge their work by that
of their predecessors, especially ihose oi* the Sergeant-Major's office.
Indeed, it was given to but few men to perform the duties of
sergeant-major in the minute and painstaking manner that, first,
Sergeant- Major Maxfield, and. then Sergeant-Major Morton, did.
And the framework of this history, so far, is made up largely
from the diaries of these two comrades-— diaries in which the
movements of the regiment and changes in its personnel were care-
fully set down during the first three years oi" its serviee. Indeed,
it is extremely doubtful if the history of the regiment could have
LAST I>AY.S OX THE NORTH SIDE.
299
been written with any degree of success had it not been for their
diaries; theirs and that of Captain Xewcomb — all three agreeing
perfectly from day to day, their unity proving their exactitude.
Newcomb's ceased with the preceding May, the desperate wound he
received on June 2d, preventing his further service. The onerous
duties now devolving upon Captain Maxiield, with the reorganiza-
tion of the regiment, caused him to give up keeping his diary, and
Sergeant-Major Morton had gone home with the original men (lie
should have received a commission and remained as adjutant).
We will miss their faithful chronicling while completing the
remainder of the story of the Eleventh.
The changes in the line and non-commissioned officers were
marked ones, ylany lino officers returned home with the original
members. The vacancies were largely filled from among the
veteran sergeants. This gave an opportunity to advance deserving
corporals and privates, with the result that the framework of the
regiment, the commissioned and non-commissioned officers, were
composed almost entirely of trained veterans — of men quite com-
petent to drill into soldierly bearing and to thoroughly discipline
the raw material our ranks were now idled up with.
This material, as has been already indicated, came from all
parts of the world : Frenchmen with barely enough English to
make their wants known, English cockneys, Germans, Irish, all
nations. In Company A there was an Arab, a swarthy fellow with
hardly a word ci English at bis command, but whoso ouick into!-
ligence served him so well that he seemed to get along as well as
any of his comrades.
A story of one of these adventurers, a little Irish tailor, I remem-
ber. If was regimental inspection. The inspecting officer locked
him over in disgust, and, taking his gun, found if very dirty. He
threw it back so viciously that it sent the ninth part of a soldier
sprawling on his back, where he lay shrieking, "Mnrther,- '*Per-
laee/' the outcries lie naturally gave vent, to in his native alley
when undergoing a familiar assault.
Captain Maxfield tells a. story of a recruit that fell to his com-
pany. An utter incapable, he was placed beside a well-drilled
soldier, and told to do just exactly what his comrade did, while
the veteran was told to keep an eye on the man. At a regimental
inspection, when this recruit thr
in. lie did so awkward! v,
failing to bring his hand to the height of his eye as provided by
300 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
\ the tactics. "'Your hand to the height of your eye/' whispered
his mentor ; and the recruit lifted his hand to the proper height,
.at the same time letting the rifle slip through his hand until lie
was holding it by the muzzle, and so presented it to the astonished
reviewing officer.
But unpromising as this new infusion was considered, the
stem yet judicious discipline they had to submit to at the hands
of the experienced and inflexible officers they were now subject to
made good soldiers of them, so good that in the closing campaign
they played no inconspicuous part, marching with a tirclessness
that spoke well for the long, hard drills that had hardened their
muscles, and fighting with the fearlessness that was to be expected
of such bold adventurer-'/ Altogether, they were no mean substi-
tutes for the men we had lost, and, thanks to them in part, the
final record of the old regiment equals its best.
The camps our troops occupied this winter were commodious
and well arranged. The men built log houses, which they roofed
with canvas. In these houses were small sheet-iron stoves.
Bunks were arranged and boughs made soft beds, while empty
hard-bread boxes served for cupboards, and all the meager oppor-
tunities for comfort vere made the most of. The officers' quarters
were log houses, with fireplaces. The company cook-houses and
the officers' mess-rooms were well fitted up, and everywhere there
were signs of rude comfort ; and, with plenty to eat, and careful
sanitary arrangements, bofch officers and men passed a healthful
and comfortable winter.
It was a very cold season for Virginia, making the outpost duty
one of severity, But with great fires on the reserve line, and a
frequent changing of the men on post, the suffering was reduced
to a minimum, although there were cold, stormy nights that tried
the fortitude of the pickets to the utmost,. But when morning
came and the relieved men reached camp, and were called to the
hospital steward's quarters to receive a stout, ration of whiskey
before eating a plentiful breakfast, they forgot their sorrows, and
many of them became even frisky, it was the duty of the ser-
geant of the picket guard to stand by the steward while he was
dealing out the rations and identify the men, to see that none
came forward twice. But, in spite of all precautions, now and
then sotne brazen fellow would swear his way to a second ration.
And for a time thrifty ones, of temperate tastes, would carry their
LAST DAYS ON THE NOllTH SIDE. 301
rations away to sell ; but after one or two scenes in the company
streets bad been traced to this illicit trade, each soldier was
obliged to drink his ration at the surgery or go without it. Then
the traders would fill, their mouths, and get away to pour the
unswallowed liquor into bottles. But they did not always escape.
One morning one of these suspects was struck smartly on the
back by the sergeant as he turned away, with the result that he-
swallowed his mouthful so hastily as to strangle until he was nearly
black in the face.
What with drills, reviews, and routine duty, the winter passed
slowly away. During it, as stated in General Plaisted's farewell
order, the corn;? was reviewed by Lieu tenant- General Grant and
the Secretary of War. Then, as the days lengthened, our division
was reviewed by President Lincoln. And the day was a proud
one for us. Every officer and man was on his mettle, and the
review was a great success. It was an impressive scene, none the
less so that it was not a show review, one held near a large city
for the admiration of crowds of citizens, bat was held in a great
wood-surrounded field, and. was witnessed only by the President
and Mrs, Lincoln and their brilliant escort of officers. The
President was on horseback, and Mrs. Lincoln rode in an open
carriage.
The President rode along our lines with the bands playing
"'■Hail to the Chief," then to the reviewing point, when our
regiments wheeled into marching column and passed before him.
Out own men were erect and stead}, the officer- alert, everyone
conscious that it behooved him to do his best under the eye of his
beloved Commander-in-Chief, and. it did seem as if the old regi-
ment; never marched better. At the close the officers of the
Eleventh felt that their winter's work Intel been thoroughly done,
and that the regiment would go into the field not only strong but
well disciplined, and could, be depended upon to uphold the
reputation of the "'Old Eleventh.*'
The vague rumors of impending movements that we had heard
frequently soon became more and more specific. Sheridan had
readied our armies, the roaus were hardening to the necessities of
artillery and wagon trains, the North was waxing impatient, and
suddenly, on Mareh ;?. T 1 1 1 , an order came to strike cam]), leave
knapsacks and camp equipage in charge of a guard, and, as night
fell, we were once more en route for the south side of the James.
302
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
At the opening uf the campaign of ISOd the organization of the
regiment was as follows :
Jonathan A. Hill,
Charles P. Baldwin,
Sanford Kanseom,
Wm. U. H. Andrews,
Nathan P. Blunt,
Richard L. Cook,
Woodman W. Eojal,
Alex. Yon Sieboli
John Williams,
Samnel Gushing,
George B. Noyes,
Samnel Clark,
Sidney F. Downing,
Field axd Stafp.
Lieutenant-Colonel.
Major.
Adjutant.
Quartermaster.
Surgeon.
Assistant Surgeon.
Assistant Surgeon.
Sergeant-Maior.
Q tiartermaster Sergeant.
Commissary Sergeant.
Hospital Steward.
Principal Musician.
Principal Musician.
Compaxy A.
Charles A. Rolfe, Captain.
Lewis IL Holt, First Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Willard Barker, First Sergeant ;
Samuel Fryc,
Albert 0. Jordan,
John A. Bracketfc,
Edgar A. Stevens,
Dexter \W-ker,
John P. Si evens.
Corporals.
Joseph IL Johnson,
Frank 0. Stevens.
COMPAXY B.
Charles Sellmer. Captain.
Fred T. Mason, First Lieutenant.
Nelson H. Norris, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Lewis W. Campbell, First Sergeant ;
John AY. liayward, Rufus M. Davis,
Philip II. Andrews, Nathan Averill.
LAST DAYS 0I\ THE NORTH SIDE.
Corporals.
George Jackson, N-ehemiah R. Maker,
Joseph II. Crosby, William Rnshton.
Anson Crocker, Joseph F. Barney,
Henry A. Carter, Charles A. Davis.
Alba W. Shorey, Wagoner.
COMPAKY C.
Grafton Nbrris, Captain.
William IT. II. Frye, First Lieutenant.
George W. Haskell, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants..
Joseph 0. Smith, First Sergeant ;
Lovell L. Gardiner, Charles A. Davis,
G ustayus Hayford.
Corporals.
Adolphus L. Cole, John A. Hammond,
William II. Xevcomb, Hugh McGonagle,
Ruben C. Bunker, Henry Albee,
Thomas Donalioe, Henry Miller.
Benjamin J. Smith, Wagoner,
303
COMPAXY I).
Albert G. Mudgett, Captain.
Ellery D. Perkins, First Lieutenant.
Judson L. Young, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Josiah F. Keene, First Sergeant ;
Gardiner F. Blake, Alphonzo C. Gowell,
George Day, Timothy McGraw.
Corporals.
Horace Whittier, Sheparcl Whittier,
Stephen lv. Bearce, James B. Williams,
Lyman M. Bragdon, Alphonzo 0. DonneH,
Jen.' mi ah, Strattqn.
William II. Hardison, Wagoner.
►04 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Company E.
George W. Small, Captain.
Joseph S. Bowler, First Lieutenant.
Charles 0. Lamson, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Charles F. Wheeler, First Sergeant ;
George W. Chick, John 1ST. Weymouth,
Simon Batchelder* Jr., Solomon S. Cole.
Corporals.
Elias II. Frost, Henry B. Stanhope,
John L. Lippincott, Surbyna Packard,
Charles Sullivan, George I). French,
Charles Bowker.
Samuel Babb, Wagoner.
Company F.
Archibald Clark, First Lieutenant.
Charles II. Scott, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Clarence C. Frost, First Sergeant ;
Nathan P. Downing, Joseph H. Estes,
William E. Feeley.
Corporals.
Sylvanus Smith, James P. Stetson,
Warren H. Moores, George H. Balkam,
John F. Arnold, William IT, Jackson.
Edwin L. Parker, Samuel G. Richardson.
Company G.
Henry 0. Adams, Captain.
Peter Bunker, First Lieutenant.
George Payne, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Thomas T. Tabor, First Sergeant;
Daniel Burgess, - Horace B. Mills.
Thaddeus S. Wing, Thomas J, Holmes.
;/ LAST BAYS OX THE NORTH SIDE. 305
Corporals.
Horace A. Mauley, Lewis L. Day,
Nathaniel Hooper, Luther A. Bobbins,
Everett B. Small, Charles W. Royal,
Benjamin B. Coombs, George Phillips.
Henry B. Rogers, Wagoner.
COMPANY H.
Albert Max field, Captain.
Thomas Clark, First Lieutenant.
• Jerome B. Ireland , Second Lieutenant.
Serneants,
Seth A. Eamsdell, Fir^t Sergeant ;
Albert L. Rankin, Charles II. Cummings,
Nathan J. Dumphey, James Lawrence.
Corporals.
John F. Wedgewood, Charles Bodge,
Isaac W. WardweR, Joseph F. Stevens;
Benjamin F. Dumphey, Samuel R. Buker,
1 William II. Lord.
John E. McKenney, Musician.
John T. Milton, Wragonei'.
COMPANY I.
9
George S. Scammon, Captain.
Robert Brady, Jr., First Lieutenant.
Monroe Daggett, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants,
Amaziab Hunter, First Sergeant ;
Nathaniel R, Bobbins, John A. Monk,
Charles E. El well, Charles Mead.
Corporals.
Lewis M. Libby, Albion W. Pendexter,
Samuel B. Haskell, Charles Gilpatrick,
William If. Dunham, James A. Clark.
20
300
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Company K.
Robert II. Scott, First Lieutenant.
Sergeants,
Amos II. Pusliaw, First Sergeant ;
George W. Blaisdell, John F. Buzzcll,
Augustus I). Locke,
John B. Alden.
Corporals.
John J. Hill> Adalbert P. Chick,
Charles Watson, Judson "\V. Burden,
Lysander H. Push aw, Charles F. Bickforcl,
Alva Q, Glover, Samuel Buzzell.
Joseph G. Kicker, 'Wagoner.
y
CHAPTER XXIX. •
THE FALL OF PETFRSBUKG AXD OF RICHMOND.
Winter Operations in the South — Sherman's March to North Carolina —
His Consultation with Grant and Lincoln — Their Plan of Campaign —
Grant Takes the Initiative — Our Historical Night March from the
Extreme Right to the Extreme Left of the Union Line— Sheridan
Advances with the Second and Fifth Corps in Support — The Battle
of Five Forks — Our Experiences on the Night Marsh and on the See-
oed Corps Front— General Hill Commands our Advance—Orders a
Kiile Fire that Silences a Battery— A Rebel Night Attack— Its
Eepulse — Baldwin Wounded and General Dandy Disobeyed — Grant's
Plan of Assault— Captain Maxfield Commands on Our Front — His
Night Attack — Its Repulse — Captain Xorris Reeonnoiters and Reports
— The Signal Gun and the Grand Assault — Its Success — Captain Max-
field Attacks and Captures his Front, a Battery of Artillery and its
Supports — The Advance of the Skirmishers of the Eleventh — Quickly
under Fire — The Assault of the Rebel Barracks — Set on Fire— Fight-
ing among the Blazing Structures — The Assault on Gregg led by
Lieutenant Payne of Our Regiment— That on Whitworth led by A. and
B of the Eleventh under Command of Captain Rolfe, of A, and Lieu-
tenant Brady, in Command of B — The Surrender of the Two Forts
after c< D-^p'Tate Resistance— The Close of the Battles of the Day-
Casualties.
The winder operations of the armies in the South had resulted
in Sherman's establishing bis army at Goldsboro, X. 0., about
one hundred and forty-five miles south of Petersburg. Here, in
the last days of March, he joined General Sehoficld, who, with
General Terry in command of troops of the Twenty-fourth Corps,
had been operating in North Carolina during flic winter.
A Confederate army, under General Johnston, held a line cov-
ering Raleigh and YTeldon, with headquarters at Greensboro.
General Sherman proposed to conduct his further operation? in
unison with those of General Grant, lie says, in his memoirs,
that he purposed making an effort to place his forces '-north of
the Roanoke River, and in full communication with the Army of
the Potomac." Johnston held his forces in position to oppose
308 TILE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
tliis anticipated nun cogent, and to make an attempt to unite with
Lee, should it be found advisable to try to do so. The other
armies of the United States and of the Confederacy were more or
less actively engaged in Alabama and Georgia, but the real
theater of the war was now confined to the ground held by the
armies of Grant and Lee, Sherman and .Johnston.
Sherman, leaving Schofield hi command, took boat for City
Point, where, on the 27th of March, lie held a personal con-
sultation with General Grant in the presence of President Lin-
coln, and the plan of the final campaign was arranged. Sherman
was to reach the Roanoke River near Weldon, sixty miles south
of Pefcersbtirg, from which point he could move to the Rich-
mond & Danville Railroad at its junction with the Petersburg &
Lynchburg Railroad, and cut Leo ofi from Danville and Lynch-
burg. This plan lie was directed to carry out, if he should
receive no different instructions. And the movement that Gen-
eral Grant hod ordered for March 20th was explained to Sher-
man. But, after Sherman's departure, Grant, fearing that Lee
might abandon his intrenchments, and feeling sure that lie would
do so as soon as he found that Sherman was moving toward the
junction, determined to anticipate a little — not to delay until the
29th, but to immediately take the initiative.
Orders were promptly sent to General Ord to take General Gib-
bon, with Poster's and Turner's divisions of the Twenty-fourth
Corps, Putney's division (colored) of the Twenty-fifth Corps,
and Mackenzie's cavalry (formerly Kautz's), and moke a. secret
march to the left of the Army of the. Potomac, taking post in
rear of the Second Corps, which position must be reached by the
evening of March 28th. General Sheridan was instructed to
move his cavalry at an early hour of the 29th of March, across
Hatcher's Run, move on Dinwiddie Court. House, and reach the
Confederate right and rear as soon as possible. The Second and
Fifth Corps were to support the movement, which was calculated
to draw tin; enemy from his intrenched position and force him to
tight in the open field. Failing in that. Sheridan was to "cut
loose and push for the Danville road," to cross the South Side
Railroad between Petersburg and Burkeville, cut the communica-
tions, then to return to Grant or join Sherman, as he might find
it best to do.
Sheridan moved out as ordered, followed by the Fifth Corps,
THE FALL OF JPETEKSBTJRG AND OF RICHMOND.
109
which, ai about moon, was ordered to move up the Quaker road,
Sheridan met only small parties of the enemy's cavalry during the
day, but the advance of the Fifth Corps came in contact with the
enemy, and after a sharp engagement forced them hack into their
iiitrenchments. The Second Corps movement met with no oppo-
sition during the day. In its course General Grant had modified
his orders to Sheridan, instructing him not to move against the
railroads for the present, but on the following morning, that of
March 30th, to move for the rear of the Confederate right.
On the 30th the Second Corps drove the enemy inside their
intrench men ts3 along Hatcher's linn, but did not assault. The
Fifth Corps moved wp the Quaker and Boydtown roads on recon-
naissance, and established a line covering the Boydtown road.
Sheridan spent the day taking position near Five Forks. Consid-
erable skirmishing took place between Ins forces and those of
Fitxhugh Lee. Sheridan learned that the enemy were being
heavily reen forced by infantry, and so reported to General Grant,
who thereupon mode such a disposition of the Second and Fifth
Corps as to place them in support of General Sheridan's position.
On the 31st the Fifth. Corps was heavily attacked, but, sup-
ported by Miles's division of the Second Corps, drove the enemy
back with a considerable loss. During the day Mott's division of
the Second Corps attempted to carry the iiitrenchments covering
the Boydtown road crossing of Hatcher's linn, but without suc-
cess. While these operations were going on, tin: cavalry of Sheri-
dan and W. II. F. Lee were constantly engaged, with varying
success.
On April 1st the Battle of Five Forks was fought by Sheridan
and Warren, with the result that Pickett, commanding the Con-
federate right, was routed with a loss of S,500 men killed,
wounded, and prisoners, besides 13 colors and 0 guns. The
Second Corps was pushed forward to carry the enemy's intrench-
ments to the left of the position the Twenty-fourth Corps now
occupied, but the attempt failed.
The march of Ord's force on the night id' March 27th and the
day of the 2Sth was a forced one, and was made over roads that
were in a terrible condition. The night was a dark one, with
rain. The soft roads, cut tip by artillery wheels and wagon trains,
stretched here and there into wide morasses of knee-deep mire,
into which we would plunge unexpectedly, to wallow through as
310 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT,
best we could. It led through woods, and in the darkness those
deviating from the road ran against trees ; and. curiously enough,
while the men would wade and flounder along the road i'u grim
silence, when they found themselves violently opposed by a tree-
trunk they would use language both lurid and rhetorical. Yet
our formation during the night was well although loosely kept,,
the officers sternly insisting on the men retaining their relative
positions, so that at daylight, with a little closing up and with a
little rectification of ranks, the regiment, although le£ weary and
heavy eyed, presented a soldierly appearance to the curious on-
lookers of the Army of the Potomac, that from daylight on
Watched the marc)] of the troops of the Army of the James.
The day was passed with making long marches with short rests,
but hot cuffee, daylight, and the pride that led us to put the best
foot foremost under the eyes of our critical, if sympathizing,
friends of the Army of the Potomac kept our men up to the
mark. Towards nightfall we halted in rear of the Second Corps
winter quarters after a march of thirty-six miles.
So far as our own regiment was concerned, this severe inarch
proved that our new men were sturdy fellows, and that the steady
exercise of the legs in the severe drilling we had given them
daring the winter had not been thrown away. The night of the
28th we bivouacked around our camp tires. In the morning the
Second Corps moved out on the left, and we occupied their bar-
racks. In the afternoon we were ordered to the front, and after
floundering through swampy ground for a. few hours returned to
the barracks.
It rained heavily all the day of the 29th and riearlv all that of
the 3 0 l h , making the roads impassable for artillery and wagon
trains. This forced General Grant to delay the general forward
movement be had in mind, In the afternoon of the 30th we
moved io the front and. took position in Ord's line, the right of
which connected with the Sixth Corps and the left with the Sec-
ond. We lav behind our stacked guns for the night, without
tires. There was an alarm in the night, occasioned by a nervous
picket firing at some rustling hash.
Early in the morning of the 31st a skirmish line was formed,
and. moving forward, was rpiiekly engaged, and so heavily on our
regimental front a.;: to soon require reenforcing, which was con-
tinued until the larger part of our regiment was in action. Our
THE FALL OF PErERSHUKG AND OF RICHMOND. 811
line soon forced its way through the wood? and as close to the
enemy's works as 6he slashing in their front would permit. The
skirmishers of our regiment were here joined by Lieutenant Payne
and his corps of brigade sharpshooters — picked men from among
the veterans of the regiments of the brigade. So effective was
our combined fire that we soon drove the rebels in our immediate
front into their works, from which they opened a severe musketry
fire, and swept our lines by a well-served battery. So distressing
did the artillery fire become that Colonel Hill determined to
silence it with musketry. Concentrating our fire on the battery,
it was not long before its fire slackened and finally ceased ; and
these guns did not reopen until nightfall,
I After dark the skirmishers returned to their regiments, which
lay in line of battle a short distance in rear of the position the
skirmish line had forced its way to. A heavy picket-line was now
thrown out, and a numerous fatigue party was set at work throw-
ing up intrench merits on the ground the skirmish line had last
occupied. The regiments went into bivouac belli ad their stacked
guns, and were allowed just fire enough with which to cook coffee.
There was sharp picket-firing during the night. Their fire would
now and (lien lull here and there along the line, to suddenly break
out with fresh fury. To the right and left the roll of musketry
rose and fell, but our fired men slept on, hardly conscious of the
varying fire until toward morning, when there was a sudden
outburst in our immediate front, and then came the yell of a
charging rebel line of battle.
It was a night attack. Instant!}' every veteran sprang to his
foot, calling on his sleeping comrade to rise and face the enemy.
Short and sharp the orders of the officers sounded along the line.
There was no sign of panic, the men were 'veil in hand, and
when, almost instantly as it seemed. Colonel Hi lbs voice rang
out with the order, "Charge" [" our men set \vp an answering yell,
and rushed through the darkness at the coming enemy.
The enemy had crept up close to our picket line before chang-
ing, and, running over the pickets, had expected to find our
line of battle close behind them ; but, finding nothing, they
halted in the edge, of the woods, just beyond our new and as yet
unoccupied in trench men ts. Tlien came our counter charge, and
for the brief moment which we needed to reach the works the
enemy stood irresolute, ibid they reached the works before u^,
\ 312 THE STGEY OF O'SE REGIMENT.
and had they occupied their reverse side, they could have given
us a warm reception. But, as it was, the lire they met our onset
with was a desultory one, and in the darkness was largely thrown j
away. As soon as we readied the intrenchment we saw their line
looming up darkly just beyond us. Colonel Hill's instant order
was, "Eire. " At this General Dandy cried out: "Don't lire;
they are our own men." Then there was hesitation. "What
regiment is that ?" shoaled an officer of our regiment. '''The
Eleventh/' wasthe astonishing answer, confirming General "Dandy
in his belief, and he was now loud in his orders for our regiment
to hold its fire. "The Eleventh what?7' persisted the officer.
No answer came. Could it really be that a part of the Eleventh
Maine had moved over the works ? We could not clearly see the
length of a company, much less the length of the regiment, so
could not make out the length of our line. Then our officer took
another tack. " Who's your colonel ?" "Colonel Davis/'' was
the answer. And "Fire ! '' "Fire ! '' sounded along our line, the
shrill voice of Colonel Baldwin sounding above the din ; and in
spite of the frantic threats of General Dandy to put any officer in
arrest who commanded "'Eire," our men opened on the mass of
the enemy, and with such, fury that they turned and fled into the
darkness, only saving their colors from the enterprising rush of a
body of our men by throwing them on the ground and igjiomin-
iously dragging thorn away. It was the Eleventh Mississippi
that faced the Eleventh Maine, and their colonel, Davis, was in
command of the assaulting brigade.
General Dandy had had an experience on Morris Island that
made him cautious in respect to the line of troops before him in a
night attack. In the assault on Fort Wagner his regiment was in
the second line, and on entering the fort fired into a body of
Union troops that had gained a foothold. This accident had an
effect on his mind that reasonably enough made him doubly care-
ful ; and, with his fear re.enforeed by the answers to our calls, it is
not at all surprising that he should have thought it a part of the
Eleventh Maine that was before us and have tried to stop the
firing.
At daylight a large number of the rebel assaulting column rose
from behind logs and stepped from behind trees to surrender
themselves. Our heavy fire had kept these from retreating wish
their comradi
THE FALL OF PETERSBURG AND OF RICHMOND. 313
Daring the combat Lieutenant-Colonel Baldwin, was severely
wounded. The gallant colonel was thus incapacitated for further
service in the campaign, and it is a matter of great regret with
him, as he says, " that his woniids should, have been received
in such small engagements." Had he been permitted to take
part in the Battle of Deep Bun, instead of being wounded at that
of .Deep Bottom, two days before, he would have taken a wound
cheerfully : and could he have received his last wound on the held
of Appomattox, he would not have cared had it been doubly
severe* But it is not forgotten that, both times he was taken
from the field, it was from the extreme front, where he had.
cheered his men on to brave acts, both by precept and example.
This attempt to surprise us took place in the morning of April
1st, the day the Battle of Five Forks was fought away to our left.
We lay behind oar new works all this day, with a heavy skirmish
line constantly engaged. It was during this day that General
Grant arranged his plan and gave his orders for the final assault,
which was to be made the next morning, by the Sixth, and Ninth
Corps, and Orel's force. Tire Sixth Corps, on our immediate
right, was to form by brigades in regimental front, and, at a sig-
nal—a cannon shot from a particular point — was to charge and
break the enemy's lines. The Ninth Corps, occupying the front
we did the previous September, was to charge the works in
its front at the same time. Orel was to attack on his front simul-
taneously with the advance of the Sixth and Kinth Corps.
We passed the night as we did the day — behind our new line of
works, lying on our arms, now sleeping, now listening to the tre-
mendous cannonade with which the Union artillery was bombard-
ing; the rebel line. Baring the night our brigade picket line,
tinder command of Captain Maxfield, of the Eleventh., who was
acting as brigade officer of the day, was reenforced by the brigade
sharpshooters and a detail of axemen from our regiment. Captain
Max-field's orders were to force his line close to the enemy's
abatis, which the axemen were to hew down, under cover of the
heavy fire lie was to open. It was intended to follow Ins move-
ment with a line of battle, with a view 10 assault the works should
he succeed in clearing the ground. Following out his orders, ihi'
officer of the day, despite the darkness, drove in the outlying
force! of the enemy along his front, and, reaching the abatis,
ordered the axemen forward. Until now the rebels within the
6*14 THE STOBY 0>" ONE REGIMENT.
works had hold their fire; but, as the axe-strotes told what was
being attempted, every gun opened, the bullets pouring into the
attacking line {i as if thrown by the bucket full," as the Captain
expresses it. Of course, unless supported by a line of battle,
nothing more could be accomplished by the picket line, which
returned to its old position, where it remained until near day-
light, when it was again advanced by Captain Maxfield under
cover of a thick fog. When within fifty yards of the enemy's
works the fog suddenly lifted, exposing the line to a sharp fire.
By direction of their commander, they sought such shelter as the
ground afforded, and a sharp skirmish fight ensued.
During the night Captain JSTorris, of the Eleventh, was ordered
to take a tew men and recomioiter along our brigade front to find
a point where an assault could be made with a possible chance of
success. After a careful and perilous search, he reported to bri-
gade headquarters that nowhere along the front of our brigade was
there a point where the ground was so unbroken as to allow the
compact formation necessary to secure a successful assault. It
was for this reason that the forward movement of the picket line
was not supported as Captain Maxfield expected it would be.
The night was so dark, with a heavy fog towards morning, that
the assaulting columns of the Xinfch, Sixth, and Twenty-fourth
Corps could not move intelligently. For this reason the signal
shot was delayed until live o'clock. As it boomed its message, The
massed brigades of the Sixth Corps moved rapidly forward, and
after a severe struggle broke through the Confederate line of
intrench meats. The Ninth Corps advanced at the same time and
crossed the works in its front, to find itself cheeked by a second
line, which it was not able to force.
As the roar of the Sixth Corps attack lessened, (lie brigade offi-
cer of the day, who had. rallied his men a.s the signal gun wa.s
fired, gave the order to charge. Instantly, regardless of the
superior force confronting it, the line climbed the abatis and
mounted the works of the demoralized enemy, who could see the
masses of the First Brigade of our division, on our right, and of
the West Virginia Brigade, on our left, rapidly converging on
the salient the pickets were entering. Idealizing the hopelessness
of a contest, the rebels threw down their tunes and surrendered.
It was found that our picket line had captured more men than it
numbered, besides a battery of artillery. The' prisoners were
THE FALL OF -PETERSBURG AND OF RICHMOND. 315
sent to the rear in charge of Sergeant Locke, of Company K, of
the Eleventh^ and a small escort, and the pickets rejoined their
regiments.
Early in the morning, Foster's division had been ordered to
support the Sixth Corps movement. The division crossed the
works at the point of the Sixth Corps assault, and. swinging to
the right, moved along the face of the enemy's line, sweeping all
opposition before it. After it had passed the front of the Sixth
Corps line it moved directly on. the enemy's second line, followed
by the divisions of the Sixth Corps.
Ord halted his line along the Boydtown Plank road, and threw
out a skirmish line which was ordered to advance as fast and as
far as possible. Companies A and B of the Eleventh were in
this line. The skirmishers encountered the enemy almost as soon
as they began to advance, and driving them steadily back were
soon before the enemy's inner line, running up from the Appo-
mattox and along Indiantown Creek. Two forts lay in front of
the advance, Forts Gregg and Wbitworth. Before the first of
these the skirmish line of the Tenth Connecticut took position.
They were soon reen forced by Lieutenant Payne's sharpshooters.
Against Wbitworth, Companies A and B of our regiment were
ranged. Before this work was an area of log barrack's. These
the enemy set on lire, and fought from street to street of the
blazing structures, making it warm for our boys in more ways
than one. But we soon drove them out of the barracks and into
Port Wbitworth, when, crowding closely to the fort, we returned
the heavy fire that came from its strongly manned parapets with as
active a one, if of less volume, emulating Payne's boys, who were
engaged in the same work with Gregg a short distance on our
right.
At last the lines of battle were seen advancing to our support.
Our brigade pressed down on Gregg, throwing oar regiment to
the left and into (lie barracks before Wbitworth. Tin.' Wast
Virginia Brigade advanced against Wbitworth. Thrown to the
left as they were, our men could only watch the assault on Gregg,
one that General Gibbon, no inexperienced authority, calls the
most desperado assault of the war. The little fort was enveloped
in a surging mass of assailants. They tilled the ditches, and
eagerly sought for a footwav be which to reach the stubborn
defenders, who fought with magnificent desperation. .But one
316 THE STOEY OF ONE REGIMENT*
narrow footway led itcross a deep ditch, and that was constantly
swept by a terrible fire, while every attempt to climb the parapet
from the ditch was beaten back by rifle shots and clubbed
muskets. At last Lieutenant Payne, of the Eleventh, who had
been watching the assault without taking any part in it, rallied
his sharpshooters at the bottom of the footway, and, calling on
them to follow him, darted along the deadly path to iling himself
headlong into the fort, where he laid about so vigorously with his
saber — a weapon he was master of, having served as a trooper in
Mexico and in the Indian wars on the frontier — that before he
could, be struck down his men were closing around him, and the
masses of the assailing force, taking advantage of his desperate
diversion, were surging over the parapet, and the fort was won.
Before Gregg fell, the West Virginia Brigade assaulted Whit-
worth., their advance ]ed by the skirmishers of the Eleventh.
These skirmishers had reconnoitered the fort carefully, and had
an idea of its form. They swept swiftly around its right to rush
through its sallyport. As the West Virginians swarmed in after
them, the rebels were throwing down their arms.
This closed the advance of the lines of battle for the day, but
Companies A and B, with other skirmish commands, felt sure
that the enemy's line beyond the creek would be assaulted. "With-
out waiting for orders they pressed across the intervening fields
and deployed their line against the enemy's works, fully deter-
mined to head any assault: that, should be made, and to lead the
way into the Cockade City. But General Humphreys says that the
Sixth Corps men were exhausted, having been under arms for
eighteen hours, so it was decided not to assault further until the
next morning. The skirmishers were recalled, a heavy picket
line was established, and the troops went into bivouac. Our
division lay for the night around the captured forts.
The losses of the regiment up to this time were as follows :
Casualties at Hatcher's Run, Va.
March 31, 1SG5.
Coiiipcrny A. — Wounded, Private Thomas Nye, Jr.
Company B. — Won nded, First Sergeant Lewis W. Campbell ;
Private Thomas T. "White.
Company G. — Wounded, Private William Haley.
fr"
THE FALL OF EETEESBUEG AND OF RICHMOND. 817
Company J). — Wounded, Private Dennis Teh.-m.
Company E. — Killed, Privates John Bartlett, Abial W. Bowley.
Company F. — Wounded, Privates Bowman Eldridge, William
S. Pierce.
Company H. — "Wounded, Privates Richard Gray, Benjamin F.
Jones, Dennis Post.
April 1, 1865,
Field. — Wounded, Major Charles P. Baldwin.
Company A.- — Wounded, Private Edgar A. Stevens. .
Company D.~~ Wounded, Privates Albion P. Bickmore, William
II. Findel, George Seavey. Prisoners, Sergeant Alphonzo C.
Groell ; Privates Albion P. Bickmore, Patrick Bri'en, William
II. Findel, George Geary, Eiisha W. Gibbs, George Seavey,
James Simmons, John T. Stevens,
Company E. — Wounded, Private Charles Simmons.
Company G. — Prisoners, Lieutenant Peter Bunker; Sergeant
Horace B. Mills ; Privates Leonard F. Blackwell, William E.
Denico, Joseph Glasstater.
Company II. — Wounded, Lieutenant Jerome B. Ireland.
Company I. — Prisoners, Sergeant Charles E, El well : Private
Hardcastle Stephenson.
Company K. — Wounded, Privates Levi Pooler, Andrew R.
Powers.
Killed, 2 ; wounded, 19 ; prisoners, 1.6— total, 37.
Casualties at Hatcher's Rux, axd Forts Whitworth axd
Gregg.
April 2, IS 05.
Company A. — Killed, Private James B. Davis. Wounded,
Sergeant Charles I. Wood ; Privates BenjarninF. Boston, Joseph
Bowdenstein, George A. Orr, Henry G. Si ruck.
Company //.—-Wounded, Lieutenant Nelson H. Norris"; Cor-
poral Gem-go Jackson ; Privates Charles II. Clark, Ellis A.
Lothrop, Patrick Murphy, Samuel 0. Niles.
Company C. — Killed, Private George A. Robbing. Wounded,
Corporal Thomas Donahoe.
Company D. — Killed, Private Otis W. Ryan. "Wounded, Cor-
pora! Jeremiah Stratton ; Privates Robert Mathews, Charles F.
Morrill, George W. Watson.
31 S -. THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Company F. — Killed, Corporal Edwin L. Parker.
Company 0. — Wounded, Lieutenant George Payne ; Privates
William N. Murray, Henry Peek.
Company H. — Wounded, Private John Hurst.
Company 1. — Killed, Private Michael Smith. Wounded, Pri-
vates Fred J. Robbins, Joseph Braer.
Company K. — Killed, Private Thomas P. CmilitTe.
Killed, 6 ; wounded, 22— total, 28.
The men made prisoners were taken in the night attack on our
brigade. They were on the picket line which was so suddenly
overrun by the Confederate line of battle. Private Peter Haegan,
of Company ©, would have been added to the list of prisoners but
for his shrewdly begging permission of his captor to be allowed to
get his haversack, that he had left at the foot of a tree near the
post on which he was surprised. The good-natured Mississip-
pian who had captured him allowed him to go the few feet only
separating him and his provender bag; but Peter failed to return,
preferring to throw himself on the ground and crawl to the rear
until he laid reached our line. There had been many a laugh at
Peter's expense, but now the laugh was with him.
h
I
CHAPTER XXX.
THE PURSUIT AIN'D THE SUJUIEXDEE.
The Predicament of General Lee— His Decision — The Abandonment of
Richmond and its Occupancy by Union Troops — Grant Follows Lee's
i Escaping- Column — Ord and the Twenty-fourth Corps Cut Loose as a
Flying Column — Incidents of the March — We Reach the Lurkeville
Junction and Place Ourselves between Lee and Johnston after a
Steady March of .Fifty-three Miles — The Movements of Sheridan and
Meade — General Read's Fatal March on High Bridge — We Advance
on Rice's Station to Meet Longstreet— He Evades Us—The Rattle of
Sailor's Creek — Farmville — The Bridges Burned except one Saved
by the Second Corps — This Corps boldly Crosses, and Unsupported
Confronts the Confederate Army— The Twenty-fourth and the Fifth
Corps Move out of Farmville and Push towards Appomattox Court
House to Cut off Lee — Incidents of the March — An Early Morning
Rest in the Rear of Sheridan — A Greasy Breakfast — Interrupted by
the Advancing Enemy — In lane of Battle and in the Front Once
More — A Cavalry Retreat— The Assault of Gordon's Men — We Beat
them Back and Follow on Their Heels — Our Assault on a Battery —
Beaten Back, we Reform and are again Advancing when the An-
nouncement of Lee's Surrender is Made to Us — Casualties.
•
That Petersburg and Richmond could not be held against rhc
next advance of Grant's vastly superior forces had been clear to
General Lee for months ; and, but for the difficulty of impressing
this fact upon the minds of the members of the Confederate
administration j lie would have abandoned his lines ami have
been well on his way to unite with Johnston before Grant opened
the campaign.
Colonel Taylor, of General Lee's personal staff — undoubtedly
echoing; Lee's private opinion — noted in his diary, under date of
March 27th : "'There appears to be an unaccountable apathy and
Mstlessnessin high places. . . . There seems to be no prepara-
tion for the removal of the several departments of the Govern-
ment. When the pressure is upon us, it may be impossible.''
And then he si ales what would have been General Lee's policy if
unhampered : " To unite the greater part of his army, before it
N
320 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
wasted away from disease, from battles and from desertions, villi
that under General Johnston ; then to fall upon General Sherman
with the hope of destroying him, then to return with, the united
armies to confront General Grant.''
Having the interior lines, Lee could move to accomplish such a
plan much, more quickly than Grant could to thwart it. The
plan involved the giving up of Richmond, but that which was
finally pursued involved the same with a certainty nearly absolute,
and left Sherman to overwhelm Johnston., and, at the same time,
\ to destroy the granaries of the Confederacy from which Lee's
army was supplied.
S But, embarrassed by the necessity of earing for the safety of the
members of the Confederate Government, Lee remained in his
trenches a few days too long, and now the choice was flight or
surrender. As we know, he postponed the latter a few days, by
deciding to attempt the former.
As soon as his lines were broken on the morning of April 2d,
Lee made his decision, and began his preparations to attempt to
reach Johnston ; and at eight o'clock thai: evening he proceeded to
evacuate bits lines at Petersburg and Richmond. By the dawn of
April oil Ids columns were converging on his first objective point
— Amelia Court House. His intention, as Taylor states it, " was
to take the direction of Danville, and turn to our [their] advantage
the eood line of resistance offered by the Dan and Staunton riv-
ers." This intention was thwarted, and the Confederates were
forced to attempt to reach, another point. As Taylor states it:
" But the activity of the Federal cavalry and the want of supplies
compelled a different course, and the retreat was continued up
the South Side road toward Lynchburg."
The abandonment of their trenches by the Confederates was
not discovered by the Union forces until three o'clock in the
morning of April 3d. Petersburg was entered by the division of
General Wilcox at daylight. On the north side of the Jam--.
General Weitzel entered Richmond, and a little after eight o'clock
the Stars and Stripes — a \\;\% of the Army of the James — were
waving over the Confederate Capitol,
Captain Thomas Clark, of our regiment, who had been lefl in
charge of our regimental Camp, participated in the triumphal
entry info the captured city, marching in with the guards am] tire
convalescents of his command.
1
i
THE PUESUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 321
j As soon as General Grant was informed oi' Lee's escape, he
issued orders for a pursuit. Was Lee moving his army directly
west for Lynchburg, or southwest for Danville ? In either case,
he must move by way of Burkeville Junction. Sheridan, with
his cavalry and the Fifth Corps, followed by the Second and
Sixth Corps, was ordered to push along the south side of the
Appomattox River, to keep in constant touch with Lee's forces,
and lo strike the Danville Railroad between High Bridge, where
it crosses the Appomattox, and Burkeville Junction. Ord, with
the troops from the Twenty-fourth. Corps, put in the lightest
possible marching order, was to push for Burkeville Junction
with all possible speed.. The Ninth Corps followed after Ord.
When Ord's M living column " marched away from Forts Gresrg
and TV hit worth the morning of the 3d. it was with a jubilant step.
The end seemed close at hand ; Petersburg and Richmond had
fallen, and Lee was in the toils. Joy was in the air, and laughter
and frolic, long unknown to the inarching column of our Virginia
armies, where a movement of troops had for a long time, meant
assaulting strong and well-manned earthworks, were freely indulged
in. Our brigade inarched through a peach orchard that was in full
bloom. The men broke branches from the trees and placed them
in the muzzles of their rifles, giving the column an unwonted holi-
day appearance. "Whenever we halted, negro w"omcn were hired to
make hoe-cakes ; hot, easily made — just a stirring of corn-meal and
water, a pinch of salt, and baked on a shovel thrust into a fire.
Some of these just freed cooks realized what to them were small
fortunes.
In spite of the warning order posted on trees, that the property
of the inhabitants of the country through which we wore march-
ing was to be respected, under pain of the Provost Marshal, there
was a tendency to loot abandoned houses. One si out trooper
appeared in all the glory of an abandoned hoopskirt. He thought
it a good joke to wear it, and the merry laughter with which this
incongruous addition to a trooper's outfit was greeted by his com-
rades confirmed him in his idea. But, alas ! General Ord hap-
pened to see him, and the General's sense of humor was nut strong
enough to see any fun in the trooper's appearance. Then came
the punishment — to continue to wear the skirt until sundown.
This changed the complexion of the joke entirely : the laugh was
no longer with the jester, but quite against him, and he endured
Si
1
/
6T2 THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT.
bitter hours of jeering before the alow-moving sun sank below the
horizon.
Mules and horses were fair prizes, according to the ideas of
many of our horsey-minded fellows. Quite a cavalcade of these
useful animals followed our regiment, each bearing a captor, with
bags of plunder, consisting of cook's gear of the captor's company,
or the appurtenances of his comrades, until the Provost Marshal
swooped down and confiscated the stolen animals — stealing them
over again, as many grumbled — and the proud cavaliers became
"'Moot cavalry"'' again.
At one plantation the proprietor, a portly old Virginian with
a suggestion of mint juleps in his red nose, watched with a
mournful face as his few mules and horses were driven away.
After a while he volunteered the information that in a nearby
paddock he had a stallion that any Yank that could ride was wel-
come to. There was a rush for the paddock, and many attempted
to secure the prize ; but- the stallion remained unridden, while
his chuckling; owner gathered what consolation he could for his
losses and the fail of the Confederacy from the discomfiture of all
the confident fellows who tried to ride his living tornado, which
could bite, hick, plunge, buck, rear, and all at the same time, as
it would seem to the unhappy fellow: trying to cling to the horse's
back. The mad creature did not need the Provost Marshal to
protect him; he could protect himself with tooth and hoof.
But as the line lengthened, and its divisions got their distances,
the marching pace was increased, and the halls grew fewer and
fewer, and shorter and shorter, so that, as the day wore away, and
tired nature began to assert itself, the men became more and more
subdued.
We went into bivouac, threw out pickets, and passed a quiet
night. Soon after daylight of April 4-th we were en route again.
We plodded on all day, witli infrequent halts. Our column took
a free step and a very open order, only closing up as we approached
some Virginia village, when the bands would strike up and we
would march through the settlement in close column, with colors
flying, producing a most imposing effect. Soon after sunset we
went into bivouac, and passed another quiet night.
The morning of April 5th we started on our way again, and. by
dint of putting one foot before the other, at nightfall had reached
Purkeville Junction, having covered iifty-three miles of Virginia
THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 323
1
roadway since the morning of the 3d to attain General Grant's
object — which, was to place Orel's force between Lee and Johnston.
We were very tired and considerably footsore this night, and,
taking our assigned position, ate our frugal supper, then lay
down and slept the deep, dreamless sleep of tbe tboroughly
exhausted*
During tbe 3d Sberidan's cavalry bad harassed the retreating
Confederates at every opportunity. About dark be attacked tbe
rear guard vigorously as it was crossing Deep Creek. Here the
cavalry and the Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps passed the night.
General Sheridan decided from the day's movements that Lee
was concentrating his forces at Amelia Court House, and arranged
his forces fcb cut him off from the south. Crook was ordered to
move out with his cavalry division at an early hour of the morning
of the 4th, ancl move so that he would strike the Danville road
somewhere between Burkeville Junction and Jetersville. Griffin
was ordered to march the Fifth Corps directly to Jetersville. Both
commands reached their stations late in the afternoon of the 4th.
The Fifth Corps threw up light intrenchmeuts.
The Second and Sixth Corps followed the Fifth, but were
delayed, as during the forenoon Merritt's cavalry came across
their road from the right and took precedence, forcing the
infantry to halt for the day. At one o'clock in the morning of
flic 5th of April these corps were on the march for Jetersville,
when again Merritt's cavalry came into their road, and again, the
that it was late in the afternoon of the 5th when they reached
Jetersville, probably at about the same hour that we readied
Burkeville Junction. Tim positions of the pursuing army the
night of April oth were : the troops of the Twenty-fourth Corps
and the Ninth Corps at Burkeville Junction, Sheridan's cavalry
between the Junction and Jetersville, and the Second, Fifth, and
I ■ .
Sixth Corps at Jetersville, where General Meade established his
headquarters.
It was not until tin: 5th that the bend of Lee's column moved
out of Amelia Court House, his trains moving by inner roads that
his troops covered. He moved on Jetersville, but, finding it so
strongly held by infantry, changed his course somewhat, hoping
■ that b\ a sharp night march ho would get so far in advance of the
Union forces that he could reach Lynchburg by way of llice's
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
I
and, it niighrt be, fee could get such a
start as to enable him to roach Danville.
On the night of the 5th. soon after we had reached Burkeville
Junction, an order readied General Ord from General Grant
(transmitted through General Sheridan) to send a force to seize
and burn High Bridge, and, if possible, to destroy all the bridges
at Farmville, thus preventing Lee from crossing to the north
bank of the Appomattox. This undertaking was confided to
General Head, of General Ord's staff, who took with him a small
force of cavalry and infantry, about live hundred men altogether.
About sunset of the Gth the head of Lee's column — Longstreet?s
command — arrived at 3?ice's Station, a station of the Lynchburg
Ilailroad between Burkeville Junction and Farmville. Lee
arrived at the station later in the evening. Here Longstreet
intrenched, and prepared to wait for the coming up of the other
corps of the Army of Northern Virginia.
On the morning of the 6th, General Meade moved out from
Jetersville with his three infantry corps to attack at Amelia Court
House, and was surprised to find (lie position abandoned. Quickly
making up his mind that Lee was moving around the left flank
of the Union army, Meade changed the course of his advance,
and soon falling in with the train-hampered Confederate rear
guard, promptly attacked. The Second Corps fell upon Gordon's
corps, and after a running tight of fourteen miles about nightfall
forced Gordon to make a stand at Sailor's Creek, with the result
that the Second Corps captured thirteen ilags, three guns, 1,700
prisoners, and a large part of the train that Gordon's corps was
convoying.
The Fifth Corps was not engaged during the 6th of April, but
the Sixth Corps was. This corps was following Sheridan's cavalry
when Sheridan overtook the commands of Ewell aud Anderson.
A general assault was immediately ordered, and Sheridan's force,
infantry and cavalry, fell on, annihilating E weir's command, cap-
taring that officer and killing and capturing 3,400 of the 3,600 \
men of his command. Anderson, after a heavy loss, escaped
with a portion of his command.
During the forenoon of this eventful day. General Grant was
informed by Sheridan that the. head of Loo's column was moving
on Burkeville Junction. Grant sent orders to Ord to move for-
ward and occupy Rice's Station, two-thirds ot the distance from j
THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 325
the Junction to Farmville. At the station we would be directly
iii Lee's path, were he aiming for Lynchburg or Danville. Our
brigades were soon on the march. As we started on our way
mounted. messengers were sent galloping to overtake General
Head and his small command, and warn them that Farmville and
High Bridge were already occupied by divisions of Lee's army.
But it was too late to save Read and a large number of his com-
mand from death,, and the survivors from capture. We reached
the vicinity of Rice's Station at about dark. Here we found
Longstreet ready to receive us. As it was too late in the day to
assault his works, we lay down before them and waited for morn-
ing. When that came we found thai he had crossed his troops
to the north bank of tlic Appomattox, and was making for Lynch-
burg by the road that goes through Appomattox Court House.
Longstreet was followed by the remains of Lee's army.
The morning of the ?th, Ord moved on Farmville, taking the
shoia-cut wagon road Longstreet had slipped away by. The Sixth
Corps followed Ord. The Second and Fifth Corps were close on
Lee's heels, the Second in advance. The Ninth Corps seems to
have been left at Burkeville Junction. It was found that the
■
bridges crossing the Appomattox at and near Farmville had been
destroyed by the Confederate rear guard ; all but one, and a detach-
ment was destroying this bridge — a wagon-road bridge near High
Bridge— when the Second Corps advance, under General Barlow,
reached ami saved it. The Second Corps crossed by this bridge,
and pressed forward so1 rapidly that Barlow's division overtook the
Confederate rear guard. So threatening was the Second Corps in
its movements that Lee was forced to halt Ids force and take a
strong position on the crest of a lone; slope of ground that cov-
ered the stage and plank roads leading to Lynchburg. Here he
threw up light intrenehments and put artillery in position.
After riding along the ground taken up by Lee, General Meade
ordered the Second Corps to attack, at Hie same time sending
messengers to Ord to have the troops of the Twenty-fourth Corps
and the Sixth Corps cross the river at Farmville. and assist in
forcing Lee into a general engagement. But as there was no
bridge near us to cross bv. nor could a fordable place be found,
this order could not be o'beved. The Fifth Cortis docs not seem
to have as yet arrived.
The Second Corps attack, although unsupported, was a partial
1
/
326 THE STOBY OF ONE REGIMENT.
^afi&QBS, and enables General Humphreys,, then m command of
the Second Corps, to claim, with reason, that by the enforced
detention due to the vigor and aggressiveness of the movement of
; the Second Corps, Lee lost the supplies awaiting him at Appo-
mattox Station, and gave time for Sheridan, with his cavalry, and
Ord, with the Fifth and Twenty-fourth Corps, to put themselves
across his path at Appomattox Court House.
t During the night of the 7th of April Lee moved toward Lynch-
burg, with the Second and Sixth Corps moving directly after him.
| , These corps kept up this direct pursuit until midnight, only halt-
ing after making a march of twenty-six miles.
The morning of April 8th, the Twenty-fourth and the Fifth
Corps marched out from near Farmville, and, accompanied by
General Grant and staff, pushed towards Appomattox Court
House by the shortest, roads. A]\ day long these corps pressed
forward, the men, although tired and footsore, requiring neither
urging nor command to put forth Q\ery effort to head Lee oil'
from Lynchburg ; for all understood that it was Grant's purpose
for us to march by Lee's army and, head him off, while the Sec-
ond and Sixth Corps should dog his heels and hamper his speed
by taking every opportunity to force him to turn and defend him-
self.
It was now a question of legs and endurance. On and on our
men plodded, none falling out until worn out. All were too
tired even to raise a cheer in passing General Grant as he was sit-
ting on a roadside stone resting himself while enjoying a quiet
smoke. And General Ord only secured this tribute when, in
response to the cries of " Coffee ! " that ran along the marching
line he was riding by, to reach the head of the column, ho halted
it as soon as he gained its advance, that the tired, hungry men
might rest a bit while they cooked their coffee, every man his
.own, setting his tin dipper on one of the hastily lighted roadside
fires.
Ord was one of the general officers that knew the needs of
men. "Get out of the road, men,'v shouted one of his staff as
they rode along through a line of men resting in the dusty road.
" Stop, sir,''* said the gray old general sternly ; " the men are
tired. Rein to \]\c. roadside, and follow that."
As the day passed we found ourselves on the track of Sheridan.
Prisoners^ guns, and trains of wagons captured by his vigorous
/
THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. • 327
advance lined t)ie roadside, en eon raging our tired men to put
forth every exertion. Darkness found us still pressing on, and it
was not until after midnight that we baited for a few hours' rest.
We had now readied the advanced position of the cavalry, a
position taken by it but a few hours before, when it had cut off
a train from Lynchburg that was loaded with supplies for Lee's
army. Vie moved into the woods and lay down in line of battle
for a few hours* rest.
Between three and four o'clock in the morning of the 9th of
April we were on the march again* Shortly after daybreak wc
reached a large field in which Sheridan's headquarters tents were
pitched. Ord rode away to consult with Sheridan, and our
infantry stacked arms and breakfasted. The meal consisted of
coffee and the hard breed remaining in our haversacks, with raw
bacon dealt out to us from the captured supply train.
While we were enjoying this frugal meal, firing began a short
distance in front of us, and we were ordered to fall in. The next
order was, "Forward." We went on at a quick step ; then, as the
firing grew fiercer and fiercer, the order was, "Double quick/'5
Lee was trying to force a passage.
Up the pike we sped, to soon meet the cavalry falling back.
Then swiftly swinging into line of battle to the right and left of
the pike, our two brigades broke through the woods to where the
dismounted cavalrymen were falling back, firing rapidly as they
retreated, mounting as fast as they reached their horses. Among
the cavalry regiments we were now rapidly covering was the First.
.Maryland Cavalry, the cavalry regiment that was dismounted in
the summer of 1804, and sent to our brigade to serve as infantry.
They recognized the Eleventh, as it rushed past them, probably
from their recollection of Colonel Hill, who Was riding at our
head in his usual gallant manner. " Three cheers for the Eleventh
Maine," shouted one of the mounted cavaliers, and they were
given with a will ; and it was to this exhilarating music that we
rushed on Gordon's advance as his men closed viciously with the
resisting cavalrymen. The struggle was short and sharp, and
within a few minutes the last Confederate onset of the war was
turned into a rapid retreat. Beyond the woods We were driving
the retreating Confederates through was a wide ox^bow-shaped
field, beyond which, again, the roofs of the hamlet of Appo-
mattox Court House could be seen. General Foster, our division
^
/
328 * the stouy of one regiment.
commander, had ordered Colonel Hill to keep touch with the
brigade on oar right — that of Osborn. The left of his brigade
was on the pike, the right of our regiment closing on that thorough-
fare.
As Colonel Hill had been instructed that he must close and
hold the pike at all hazards, he gave his -personal attention to
that duty. While we were getting our alignment, a horseman
1 in the dress of a. Union officer rode up to our regiment and called
I °
out, in a tone of authority, (i Charge that battery," pointing to a
Confederate battery that stood on the crown of a ridge running
across the field, and at some distance in our regimental front.
The well-served guns were- annoying our men. Our regiment
sprang eagerly forward, broke through the wood, pushed into the
field, faced a storm of grape, and charged the guns. The right
of the regiment came to a few log houses situated near the pike.
Here a number of the men took position to drive off a force of
Confederate cavalry that resisted their advance. And, unfortu-
nately, the left companies obliqued sharply to the left, carrying
all the right companies with them except A and B, the extreme
right companies.
. As the troops on our right had not charged, our right flank
was entirely in the air. Colonel Hill's voice was no longer heard.
He had been, wounded, and had. fallen into the hands of the
enemy. They lifted him to a horse, seating him behind its rider,
with the intention of carrying him away. But as we were pressing
them sharply, they dismounted, him, and, taking his sword ami
watch, loft hint on the field, to be subsequently removed from it
by his own men.
Finding that they were getting between two fires, the com-
manders of Companies A and B held a short consultation ami
decided to try and rejoin the main body of the regiment. Order-
ing their men to cease firing, they then ordered them to double-
quick down the field to the position the regiment could be seen
occupying, one close to the battery, but protected from its direct
fire by a slight rise behind which the- men were lying. From
here they were firing at the battery and its supporting line of
• infantry. Unfortunately, several men of the different companies
had sought cover behind the log houses and had not advanced
beyond them. Captain Maxfield, who was in command of a wing
of the regiment, had observed them, and was endeavoring to
/
THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 329
withdrawthe men from their untenable position, when he received
orders from Colonel Hill to have the men fall back in rear of the
fence which was at the edge of the held. This order was exe-
cuted, and when over the fence they found themselves con-
fronted by a strong line of Confederate cavalry that had pressed
into their rear by way of the unguarded right, and were taken
prisoners.
When Companies A and B appeared running from near the log
houses towards the position held by the regiment, the battery and
its supports gave them their particular attention, showering
them with grape, canister, and bullets. Several men of these
companies were killed and wounded before they reached the regi-
ment. On reaching it, it was seen that their position was at the
head of a gently descending valley that apparently wound around
the hill to the rear. A hasty council of war was held by the new
comers with Captain jSToms, wlie was in command of the men of
the regiment now with the colors. It was decided to retreat by
way of this valley. The men were ordered to follow it around
the hill while holding back the rebel cavalry that were now
advancing on our flanks, Brushing all obstructions aside, and
followed by shot and shell from the battery, the movement was
successfully accomplished, and we were soon united with a body of
our men that Captain Adams, who was commanding a wing of
the regiment, had placed in a strong position, and the whole regi-
ment now came under his command,
There was very little difiiculty in reforming the regiment, the
new men behaving handsomely, as they did throughout the cam-
paign. Of course, it was not quite as prompt a reforming as we
expected in the last months of the campaign of 1801 from the
seasoned soldiers of whom the Eleventh was then composed. .As
soon as the line was reformed. Captain Adams reported to the
brigade commander, and was directed to march the regiment to
. . .
its place in the new line of battle. Our position was now to the
left of that avc had charged from, and at something of an angle
to it. A skirmish line was ordered out, and Companies A and B
were ordered out from our regiment. The skirmish line was
formed and instructed to cross the held at a point somewhat to
the left of the enemy's batteries, and to take position in the edge
of the woods beyond the field, and there await the coming up of
the line of battle.
A
330
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
During the time we bad spent in changing and reforming, and
quire unknown to its, the negotiations for the surrender of Lee's
army were going on.
Moving into the field, our skirmish line moved steadily forward.
The right of the skirmishers from the Eleventh soon came to a
bit of woods bordering a ravine. Here we found a number of
Ohio men under command of a sergeant. They had sheltered
themselves here during the confusion of the first onset, and.
unable to learn the direction their regiment had taken, were
awaiting developments, while standing off such bodies of Confed-
erate cavalry as showed too inquisitive a spirit. They were
ordered to fall in on our right, and we welcomed this strong
reinforcement, as the right of our regimental skirmish line was
that of the whole line, while to the left we could see a line of men
extending to the far left of our division.
We were well beyond the ravine, and were getting so close to
the edge of the woods that we were beginning to wonder what
sort of a reception we would meet with, when a tremendous yell
sounded in our rear, and then a terrible rifle fire broke out from
the same quarter. Looking back to where our line of battle ought
to be emerging from the woods, we saw a scene of confusion as of
a battle — firirisr. cheering, veiling, men moving to and fro, with
spirals of gunpowder smoke rising and drifting away. Xo wonder
the men of our skirmish line wavered, one thought in the minds
of all, officers and men — that the Confederates had attacked, .and
were between our slender skirmish line and our army. What was
to be done ? A swift exchange of opinion took place among the
officers, and it was determined to push to the edge of the woods
we had. been ordered to reach, and from there take observations.
" Forward, forward. It's none of your ■ business what's in
your rear ; forward/' was the gist of the orders now hurled at the
excited men. And forward it was, with anxiety tilling the mind
of each responsible officer.
Just then a mounted Union officer was seen galloping from our
rear towards us, waving his can over his head as he spurred his
horse to his full speed. We halted our men, and as the officer, a
staff one we now recognized, came flying on, lull of some great
news— that was plain by his abandon — he swept into calling dis-
tance and shouted, " Halt, boys ! halt S Lee has surrendered, and
the war is over ! "
/
THE PURSUIT AND THE SURRENDER. 331
Casualuks at Appomattox, Ya.
April 9, 1865.
Field and Staff.^- Wounded, Lieutenant-Colonel Jonathan A.
Hill ; Sergeant-Major Alexander Yon Siebolcl.
Company A. — Killed, Private Robert Douglas. Wounded, Ser-
geant Samuel Frye ; Privates Frederick G. Harris, Joseph S.
Sites, John Stratton, Prisoner, Private Abel Mahomet.
Company B, — Killed, Corporals Joseph II. Crosby, Charles C.
Davis. Wounded, Lieutenant Fred T. Mason ; First Sergeant L.
W. Campbell ; Corporal William Rushton ; Privates John Black-
burn., Manuel Raymond. Prisoners, Corporal William Rushton;
Privates James IL Campbell, James Gratlani, John McGibbons.
Company C. — Wounded, Sergeants Lovell L. Gardiner, Charles
A. Davis ; Private John Reed. Prisoner, Private Thomas John-
son.
Company D. — Killed, Private Moses Sherman. Wounded, Licu-
\ tenant Ellery D. Perkins ; Privates John Burns, John F. Curtis.
Company F. — Killed. First Sergeant Charles F. Wheeler.
Wounded, Corporal John L. Lippincott • Private Amos Fitzher-
bert. Prisoners, Corporal Charles Sullivan ; Privates George Gig-
£rev, Bartholomew Beaton, Charles Reinbold, Charles Trash, John
Walker.
Company F. — Wounded, Privates Otis B. George, Thomas
| Kneolan. William II. Koyes.
Company G. — Wounded, First Sergeant Thomas T. Tabor.
Prisoner, Private Charles E. Fish.
Company IL — Wounded, Privates James H. Drown, William
Powers. Prisoners, Captain Albert Maxfield ; Privates William
O'Brien, Louis Trepan ier.
Company I. — Killed, Sergeant Charles Mead,. AVounded, Ser-
{geant John A. Monk ; Corporal William IL Dunham ; Privates
Richard M. Duncan, Edmond Hart horn. Prisoner, First Sergeant
Amuziah Hunter.
I
Com pam/ K. — Killed, Private John R. Chesley. Wounded, Ser-
geant Augustus D. Locke ; Privates John Murray, John Tye.
Prisoners, Privates Thomas Dolan, Akmzo Dyer, John Ryan.
Killed, 7; wounded, 32; prisoners, 20— total, 59.
/
CHAPTER XXXI.
AFTER. THE STTPwEEXDEE.
The Formal Surrender — Oar March to Richmond — Our Life There —
Ordered to Northeastern Virginia — Incidents of Life in Fredericks-
burg — Ordered to Reunite—- We Meet at Fredericksburg and are Sent
to City Point — Clustered Out—Sent to Augusta—Paid off and Dis-
banded.
The skirmish lines of the two armies were now turned into
picket lines, and, although Lee had surrendered, his ariny
retained its organization until its regiments had turned their
arms and colors over to the troops designated to receive them.
These consisted of the Fifth and the portion of the Twenty-fourth
Corps that had participated in the campaign. The designation
of these troops for this honorable duty was in recognition of their
arriving, through severe night-marching, on the ground in time
to prevent Lee's army breaking through Sheridan's cavalry. The
Second, Sixth, and Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac
had marched away immediately after the surrender. And when
the last regiment of the beaten, but not at all cringing, Confed-
erate army had. laid its colors on its stacked guns, and, breaking
ranks., had followed its comrades homeward, the Fifth Corps
moved northward, and the troops of the Twenty-fourth Corps
set out for Richmond to rejoin the Army of the James.
We moved towards li'chmond by easy marches, and in the
highest spirits. The weather was delightful, the country beauti-
ful, and the inhabitants curious. From every house a white flag
floated in token of acquiescence in the surrender, the entrance
to every country lane had a group of white and black spectators,
the streets of every village were lined with onlookers. And at
the fires of our bivouacs could be seen gray-clad men exchanging
army experiences with their kite opponents.
Of course; the vanquished were sad, but not as yet vindictive.
For myself, I, with Captain Small, passed an evening at a pictu-
resque honse> reached by a long, tree-lined avenue, where were hos-
pitality, a good supper, the indispensable jug'with the corn-cob
/■
AFTER THE SURRENDER. 333
stopper, tobacco, and a couple of pretty and jovial maidens, who
played, sang, talked, and flirted under the eyes of a grave old Vir-
ginian, who was truly glad the war was over, and of a stalwart
brother in gray, wearing the insignia of a lieutenant, whose only
regret was that his pockets were too utterly empty to allow his
saddling a horse and accompanying us to Richmond to show us
the town, and especially the glory of the Spottswood. But per-
haps bad :s Billy " Small not been with me the reception might
have been less flattering. lie, as we know, held the "open ses-
ame " to the hearts of all mankind.
Our* division readied Manchester, opposite Richmond, on the
25th of April, where it encamped for the night. On the 26th it
entered Richmond, crossing the river by a ponton bridge, and was
received by the remainder of the Army of the James. The city
was held by troops of this army, irs mayor having, as will be
remembered, surrendered the city to General Weitzel, commander
of the Twenty-fifth Corps.
There was a marked contrast in the appearance of ourselves
and the receiving comrades — they as spick and span as if just
turned out of military bandboxes, we ragged and dust laden ;
but as we marched along between their drawn-up lines, it was
plainly expressed to us that they would gladly change places with
our division, to bear its prestige of endurance and intrepidity.
Nor did the crowds of people thronging the streets we marched
through — the sidewalk?, steps, doors^ windows — seem to think that
oar dusty line suffered by comparison, the many military-looking
men in these throngs watching the soldierly swing of our march-
ing column with manifest though silent approval. And the
Eleventh, with its one-armed colonel riding at its head, its bullet-
tattered banners floating over it, and its men of '61, ''0.2, '03, and
'04, attracted no little attention as it kept step to the audacious
declarations of its baud — "That in Dixie's land it took i t^ stand,
to live and die in Dixie's land.'* "Yes," drawled one ex-Con-
federate officer to another, "they say this regiment was in the
advance at Fair Oaks. McClellan's old boys — none better ! ?'
We went into cam}) in a grove back of the city. Here we
remained for several months, doing such duty as was necessary in
an occupied city.
Detached service was the order of the day. Until the .State was
again in the hands of the civil authorities, all the posts uf author-
was walking the company street with authority in voice and eye.
lie made a most excellent non-commissioned officer, too. A sum-
mer or so after we had returned home, I met my old friend, on a
Penobscot River boat, and. the pride with which he spoke of " we
officers p showed that his promotion had made bis life the hotter
worth living.
1
33-1: J& THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
ity were held by our officers, and many of our men served m the
Provost Marshal's department as city police and elsewhere. Colo-
nel Hill was on special duty in Richmond for a while, then he
received his brevet as Brigadier-General and went to take com-
mand of Lynchburg and vicinity. Lieutenant-Colonel Baldwin,
who also received a brevet as Brigadier-General on rejoining the
regiment, was almost constantly on special duty. Major Adams
was in. command of the regiment most of the time, but served for
a time on court-martial ; Captain Sellnier was A. A. I. G. of the
Department of Virginia ; Captains Maxfield and TSorris and Lieu-
tenant Nelson H. isorris were members of Courts Martial and
Inquiry Boards ; Captain Scanimon was on special duty ; Lieu-
tenant Charles 11. Scott was in command of the city prison ;
Lieutenant Daggett was an Assistant Street Commissioner ; and
other officers were more or less engaged in other than regimental
duties.
Now that the war was over, Captain Rolfe felt constrained to
return to civil life and his long-neglected business, so allowed
himself to be mustered out with the 7nen of 1862, who were mus-
tered out at Richmond. I think a large proportion went north
wearing chevrons, for we had filled non-commissioned vacancies
with deserving "G2 men for some time. When they wrere gone,
we could till the vacancies caused by their departure from among
later comers. The '''Veterans" had been already provided for,
so far as was desirable. . I
A warrant is something to be proud of when won in service, I
was as proud of my warrant as Sergeant as of my commission as
Lieutenant, and could sympathize with the hero of the following
little incident, 1 assure you. In Company B was a most excellent
and deserving soldier, the company cook, a '62 man. He had
never failed to have his beans and coffee ready, and to the front,
and neither bullet nor shell could keep him from Ids hungry boys.
We made him Corporal, and within half an hour he had his
chevrons sewed on his sleeves, had abandoned the cook-house, and
AFTER THE SURRENDER. 335
j
Part of Sherman's army marched through Richmond on its. way
to Washington to take part in the Grand Review. We received
them with all the honors. We were now sleek and well dressed,
white-gloved, with guns and equipments in the best of condition,
glittering brasses and shining steel ; they — well, they looked about
ns we did when we marched into .Richmond, ragged and dust
laden. But they were sturdy fellows, and swung through the
thronged streets with a martial mien that won the respect of all
that saw them, They were well worth receiving, and our only
regret was that " Tecumseh " was not riding at the head of their
column.
A number of commissions were. received from Maine for non-
commissioned officers who bad rendered gallant and meritorious
services, and we now had Lieutenants Lewis W. Campbell, Clarence
0. Frost, Joseph 0. Smith, Josiah F. Keen©, and Philip H.
Andrews, instead of sergeants of those names.
Commissions as Second Lieutenants were also received for Ser-
geant-Major Horace A. Mauley and Quartermaster Sergeants John
Williams and Samuel Frye ; and for First Sergeants Joseph H. Estes
(Company F), Thomas T. Tabor (Company G), Scth A. Ramsdell
(Company H), and George P. Blaisdell (Company K) — but too late
to enable these worthy comrades to be mustered into the rank
their gallantry had won them.
Life passed quickly in Richmond. Our camp was a pleasant
and healthy one. Our duties were light, our provisions were
good and plentiful; and short leaves of absence could lie had for
the asking. Every officer been me a horseman. Quartermaster
Andrews had plenty of horses in his stables, and any officer that
would use a horse well had but to request one of Oar whole-souled
friend to get it. Wc made up parties and rode into the interior,
visited old. camp grounds and battlefields, studied the fortifications
around Richmond, and in. a way fought some of our battles over
again.
Both officers and men were inclined to fraternize with ex-Con-
federates, and while, as a matter of course, the invaders were not
admitted to Southern social circles, in hotels, cafes, and theaters
there was much Irobnobbmg among the old soldiers, and. many
warm friendships were formed.
As order came out. of I tie chaos the downfall of the Confederate
Government had plunged the Southern people into, and the
836 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
formation of a civil government progressed, superfluous regiments
were mustered out.
Along in the fall, of our brigade our regiment was alone in
service. The members of the Tenth Connecticut, the Twenty-
fourth Massachusetts, and the One Hundredth isew York were
now citizens. The Two Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania had
disappeared long before. And we of the Eleventh were to have a
change of scene. We were ordered to Fredericksburg to relieve
the Seventh K"ew Hampshire and other regiments, that they might
be mustered out. We left Richmond November 24th, and reached
Fredericksburg along in the night, reporting to General Harris,
commanding the District of Northeastern Virginia.
The companies were soon scattered through the District, which
was divided into three sub-districts. The Sub-District of Rap-
pahannock, with headquarters at Fredericksburg, embraced the
counties around Fredericksburg ; the Sub-District of Fauquier,
with headquarters at AYarrenton, embraced the counties about
AYarrenton ; and the Sub-District of Essex, with headquarters at
Tappahannock, embraced seven counties in that section of the
State.
It was known that General Hill would be ordered from Lynch-
burg to Fredericksburg to command the District. Lieutenant-
Colonel Baldwin was expected to command the Sab-District of
Rappahannock, of which Captain Clark was placed in temporary
command. Major Adams was assigned to the command of the
Sub-District of Fauquier, and Captain Maxficld to that of Essex.
Companies A, E, and K were sent to the Sub-District of Fau-
quier; C, D, and H to the Sub-District of Essex, Company C
going to the village of Warsaw in Richmond County, D to
Heathsville in Northumberland County, Company H remaining
at Tappahannock in Essex County. Of the remaining compa-
nies, Company B was sent to King George Court House, Company
F to Orange Court House, and Companies G and I formed the
garrison of Fredericksburg.
For a time the writer acted as Provost Marshal of Fredericks-
burg. There was little disturbance of the peace. The civil
authorities were able to deal with all differences between citizens.
The agent of the Freedmen's Bureau cared for its colored wards.
Only once were the troops called out to quiet a tumult among
citizens, and one sight of our men inarching through the streets
v
AFTER THE SURRENDER. 337
I
with fixed "bayonets was quite enough to convince all of riotous
mind that, although it was not obtrusive, yet there was a power
in Fredericksburg that must be respected.
But one other time did we have to show the mailed hand.
President Johnson appointed a day of Fasting and Prayer. The
proclamation was duly posted throughout the South. However it
may have been received in other Southern cities, it was quite
ignored in Fredericksburg. . Every store was open, the schools
were in session, a steamer was unloading at a wharf, the glass-
works were in full operation, and there was no doubt that neither
fasting nor praying was going on in the city.
On receiving these reports General Harris became very angry.
It was about ten o'clock when he sent for the Provost Marshal
and ordered him to have the President's proclamation complied
with in letter if it could not be in spirit. My order was quickly
issued, and mounted soldiers were riding through the streets
issuing peremptory orders. The school children were soon
scampering home, delighted with a holiday — the only delighted
persons in Fredericksburg that day — the stores were closed, the
glassworks were quiet, the darkies unloading the steamer were
idle, and a sort of order reigned in our little Warsaw/ There was
no resistance, only sullen acquiescence, but one old fellow who
had backed a load of cordwood to a door to unload it showing
any insolence, and for his impudence he was obliged to sit on his
load and wait until the sun went down before he could either
■unload or drive away.
There was one most unpleasant duty for the provost marshal to
perform. All women desiring to marry must first take an iron-
clad oath of personal allegiance to the United States, and swear
that they would bring up any children they might have to support
the Constitution and the laws. The Provost Marshal adminis-
tered the oath. It was supposed to be taken in his office ; it was
often, and always with a wry face. But in a few particular cases
it was requested that the Provost Marshal go to the house of the
fair candidate for matrimony and administer it privately, and in
each ease I felt it my duty to comply, as nothing in the orders
stipulated where it was to be administered. These visits were
very pleasant ones, except one, when the candidate cried bitterly
and took the oath, I doubt not, with full intention to perjure
herself. But love laughs at locksmiths, and finally, so far as
333 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
Fredericksburg was concerned, did at the United States for
venturing to take up that trade. A bright girl, determined to bo
married, and whose parents opposed the lover, just eloped with
him, taking the steamer to Baltimore, and was married without
taking the oath of allegiance. The eloping couple returned,
asked and received parental forgiveness and blessing. Then the
question was sprung on them by some of their friends, Not having
taken the oath, were they legally married ? For a week there was
great excitement in their circle, when it was answered that the
Washington powers that were had decided that, as Maryland was
not under the ban, and they were married according to its laws,
they were man and wife. The result was that there was a large
increase of travel on the Baltimore boat, and the Provost Marshal,
at least during my own short incumbency of the office, was not
thereafter called upon to administer the ironclad oath.
General Harris was relieved of the command of the District of
Northeastern Virginia by General Hill. The new commander
appointed Lieutenant Clarence C. Frost Assistant Adjutant-
General, and Captain Ellery D. Perkins Provost Marshal, of
the District. Major Adams was called to Fredericksburg to
command the Sub-District of Rappahannock. Captain Norris
was ordered to Warrenton to command the Sub-District of Fau-
quier. Lieutenant J. 0. Smith went to Tappahannock as Assist-
ant Adjutant-General of the Sub-District of Essex, relieving
Lieutenant N. H. Norris, who was appointed Post Quartermaster
at Tappahannock. Lieutenant P. II. Andrews was called to
Fredericksburg to act as Adjutant of the regiment. Captain
Scammon and Lieutenant Daggett, of Company I, and Adjutant
Htinscom were mustered out while we were in this district, by
reason of expiration of term of service. They had been mustered
for one year only, joining the regiment in the winter of 18G5.
In January, 18GG, orders came for us to proceed to City Point,
where we would be mustered out. The companies were assem-
bled at Fredericksburg. We proceeded to City Point, passing
through Richmond, and were mustered out on the second day of
February. We took a steamer for Hew York, and from there
sailed, for New London, where we went aboard a train, and pro-
ceeded to Augusta. On arriving at that city our colors were
turned over to the State to be placed in the State House with
those of other Maine regiments, and our guns and equipments
.. . -
AFTER THE SURRENDER.
339
were turned over to a United States ordnance officer. February
10th, we received our final pay, and after a varied service on land
and sea of four years and three mouths — from November 12,
1861, to February 10, 186G— -the career of the Eleventh Maine
Regiment of Infantry Volunteers was at an end.
The organization of the regiment, February 2, 1866, was es
follows :
Field axd Staff.
Jonathan A, Hill,
Charles P. Baldwin,
Henry 0. Adams,
William H. II. Andrews,
Woodman W. Royal,
Willard Barker,
Samuel Frye,
Joseph Gr. Richer,
George B. Noyes,
Waldena F. Peters,
Colonel.
Lieutenant-ColoneL
Major.
Quartermaster.
Assistant Surgeon.
Sergeant-Major.
Quartermaster Sergeant.
Commissary Sergeant.
Hospital Steward.
Principal Musician.
Company A.
Judson L. Young, First Lieutenant,
Lewis W. Campbell, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Dexter Walker, First Sergeant ;
John A. Bracket!, Edgar A. Stevens,
Asa L, Mclntire.
• Corporals.
Benjamin G-. Seavey, Charles E. Harmon,
Lewis C. Hobbs, Peter M. Case v.
Company B.
Charles Sellmer, Captain-
Clarence C. Frost, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants,
Henry F. Randall, First Sergeant ;
William Smith.
340 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Company C.
Grafton Morris, Captain.
George W. Haskell, First Lieutenant.
Sergeants,
Gustavus Hayford, First Sergeant ;
Henry Albee, D wight C. Rose,
Charles M; Dexter.
Corporals,
William S. Lyseomb, Oscar D. Wilbur.
Company D.
William H. H. Frye, Captain.
Nelson H. Horris, First Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Timothy McGraw, First Sergeant ;
Stephen Mudgett, Dan/el W. Woodbury,
John Deacon, Frank L. Young.
Corporals.
Jotham S. Ami is, Andrew J. Mudgett,
James E. Dow.
Company E.
George W. Small, Captain.
Joseph S. Bowler, First Lieutenant.
Charles 0. Lamson, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants..
George W. Chick, First -Sergeant ;
Simon Batchelder, Jr., Solomon S. Cole,
Henry 13. Stanhope, John L. Lippineott.
- Corporals.
George H. Downs, Frank H. Brown,
Isaac N. Gladden.
Samuel Babb, Wagoner.
Company F.
Thomas Clark, Captain.
Joseph 0. Smith, Second Lieutenant.
AFTER THE SURRENDER.
&1
Sergeants,
Joseph II. Estes, First Sergeant ;
William E. Feeley, John F. xYrnold,
Warren H. Moores, Sylvanus Sin it]}.
Corporals.
Luther Quint, James A. Feeley,
James B. Crosby, Charles Gr. Fowler.,
John Meservey, John C. Oilman,
Arthur Smith.
Company G.
Lewis H. Holt, Captain.
George Payne, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Thomas T. Tabor, First Sergeant ;
Thomas J. Holmes, Luther A. Robbing,
Benjamin B. Coombs, George Phillips.
Corporals.
Everett B. Small, Charles W. Royal,
Charles B. Chandler, Charles F. Campbell,
Warren Hooker, Lewis Green,
Edward W. Bowman, Wallace 0. Young.
Company H.
Albert Maxfield, Captain.
Charles H. Scott, First Lieutenant.
Josiah F. lleene, Second Lieutenant.
Sergeants.
Sefch A. Ramsdell, First Sergeant ;
Albert L. Rankin, Nathan J. 1 Himphey,
Isaac' W. Ward well, Joseph F. Stevens.
Corporals,
John F. Wedgewood, Benjamin F. Diimphey,
William Emerson, Matthew R. Holt,
Melville Richer.
Company I.
Robert Brady, Jr., First Lieutenant.
342
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Sergeants.
Samuel B. Haskell, First Sergeant ;
John A. Monk., William H. Dunham,
AIodzo R. Stewart.
John O'Connell,
Corporals.
James X. Perkins.
Company K.
Ellery B. Perkins, Captain.
Robert H. Scott, First Lieutenant.
Philip H. Andrews, Second Lieutenant,
Sergeants.
George P. Biaisclel], First Sergeant ;
John F. Buzzed!, Adelbert P. Chick,
Charles Watson, Jndson W. Barden.
Corporals.
Samuel Buzzell, Horace W. Tilden,
James Hersey.
ORIGINAL MEMBERS MUSTERED OUT WITH
REGIMEXT.
Field and Staff.
Colonel Jonathan A. Hill,
Major Henry C. Adams,
Sergeant-Major Horace A. Manley,
Quartermaster Sergeant George F. Osborne,
Commissary Sergeant Joseph G. Picker,
Hospital Steward George B. Noyes,
Principal Musician Waldcna F. Peters.
Company A.
First Lieutenant Judson L. Young,
Sergeant Robert Doyle,
John A. Bracket!;,*
Private Mitchell Xadeau.
Company C.
Sergeant Henry Alb'ee.*
* Joined at Washington, D. C.
Ci
#>.&
AFTER THE SUBRENDEE.
343
Company D.
Captain William H. II. Frye,
First Lieutenant Nelson II. N orris,
First Sergeant Timothy McGraw,
Corporal Jotham S. Annis,
Private John W. Day,
" Prince E. Dunifer,
(i John Longley.
Com pa xt E.
Captain George W. Small,
First Sergeant George TV. Chick,
Sergeant John X. Weymouth,
" Simon Batchelder, Jr.,
" Solomon S. Cole,
" Henry B. Stanhope,
Corporal Elias H. Frost,
Wagoner Samuel Babb.
Company F.
Captain Thomas Clark,
First Sergeant Joseph II. Est.es.
Company G.
Captain Lewis H. Holt,
Second Lieutenant George Payne,
First Sergeant Thomas T. Tabor,
Sergeant Daniel Burgess,
" Stephen II. Emerson,
Henry B. Rogers,
Thomas J. Holmes,
" Luther A. Bobbins,
(i Benjamin B. Coombs,
Corporal Charles W. Royal,
" Charles F. Campbell,
Wallace C. Young,
Private John F. Clark.
" Albert Garland,
George W. Ham or,
" Henry II. Higgins,
Charles A. Jaquith,
344 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Private Charles A. Jones,
" Herod V. Totman,
" Wilbert C. White,
ct Alpheus S. Wooster.
COMPAXY H.
Captain Albert Maxfield,*
First Lieutenant Charles II. Scott,
Second Lieutenant Josiah F. Keene,
First Sergeant Seth A. Eamsdell,
Sergeant Albert L. Rankin,
" Kafchan J. Duniphey,
" Joseph F. Stevens,
Corporal John F. Wedge wood,
iC Benjamin F. Dumphey,
ci William Emerson,
" Melville Ricker,
Private George 0. Johnson,
« Thomas McPhcrson.
Company I.
First Lieutenant Robert Brady, Jr.,
First Sergeant Samuel B. Haskell,
Sergeant John A. Monk,
Alonzo R. Stewart,*
Corporal James 2\T. Perkins,*
Private Isaac Kimball,
" Foster J. Leigh ton,*
" William Rogers.
Compaq y K.
First Lieutenant Robert H. Scott,
First Sergeant George P. Blaisdell,*
Sergeant Johu F, Buzzell,
" Adelbert P. Chick,*
" Charles Watson,
" Judson L. Barden,*
-Corporal Samuel Buzzell,
Private Edmund H. Shaw.
Total, 79.
Joined at Washington, D. C.
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
Field.
General John C. Caldwell entered service as Colonel ; promoted
to Brigadier-General May 4, 1862j after General 0. 0. Howard,
was wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., assigned to the command of
Howard's brigade. In the Seven Days' battles before Richmond
his brigade occupied important positions at Savage Station, Peach
Orchard, and White Oak Swamp; also at Antietam and Freder-
icksburg, where he received two slight wounds. He was in com-
mand of the 1st Division, 2d Corps, at Chancellorsville and
Gettysburg, and after Generals Hancock and Gibbon were
wounded commanded the 2d Corps on the field of Gettysburg.
He was in command of the 1st Division, 2d Corps, at Rappa-
hannock Station and up to Mine Run. He was relieved at his
own request of the command of the division at Brandy Station,
before the movement of 186-4 ; detailed as President of a Military
Commission in Washington, where he served until mustered out
of service with the rank of Major-General of Volunteers by brevet.
He was detailed as one of the guard of honor during the public
obsequies at the burial of President Lincoln, nod accompanied the
remains to Spriiifrfiekl, 111. After the war he was a member of
the Maine Senate ; Adjutant-General of the State of Maine in
1867] Ccmsul at Valparaiso, Chili, in 1809 ; from 18T3 to 1882
Minister to Uruguay and Paraguay ; in 18S5, having removed to
Kansas, was President of the Board of Pardons of that Suite.
General Harris M. Piaisted entered service as Lieutenant-
Colonel ; promoted to Colonel, May 12, 1802 : to Brigadier-Gen-
eral, by brevet, Feb. 21, 1805, and to Major- General, by brevet,
March 13, 180-5. While at Fernandina, Fla., commanded the
post, and while on Morris Island, S. C, commanded the brigade.
He also commanded the brigade the most of the time in the great
campaign of 1804. (See sketch of regiment.) A member of the
Maine Legislature in 1807 and 1808 ; Attorney-General of Maine
in 1873, 18,4, and 1875: a Member of the 44th Congress, and
;46
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
CaOYernor of the State of Maine in 18S1 and 1882. Since July,
1883, Las been editor of The Sew Age at Augusta, Me.
General Jonathan A. Hill entered service as Captain of Co. K ;
promoted to Major, June 7, 1864 ; to Lieutenant-Colonel, June
25, 1864; to Colonel, April 5, 1805; and to Brigadier-General,
by brevet, April 9, 1SG5. He commanded the regiment most of the
time from June 2, 1804, to August 10, 1864. At Deep Bun, Ya.,
he was severely wounded, and lose his right arm. He returned
to the regiment in November, J 864, and was in command until
the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, Ya., April 9, 1865, where
he was again wounded. After the surrender of Lee he served as
President of a Military Commission in Richmond, Ya., after
which he was in command of the jST. W. District of Virginia, with
O 7
headquarters at Lynchburg, and later in command of the X. E.
District of Virginia, with headquarters at Fredericksburg. (See
sketch of regiment.) At present is a director in the Union
Tanning Co. of Pennsylvania.
Lieutenant-Colonel William M. Shaw, at the beginning of the
Avar, was an officer in the Portland EiHe Guards. He entered
service as Captain of Co. E, 1st Maine Infantry, May 3, J Sol, and
served with that company until its muster out, Aug. 5, 1S61. He
joined the Eleventh as Major; promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel
May 12, 1862.
Lieutenant-Colonel Robert F. Campbell entered service as
Captain of Co. C ; promoted to Major, May 12, 1862 ; to Lieuten-
ant-Colonel, Sept. 12, 1862. His military career began in the
Maine Militia as Ensign of the Cherryfield Light Infantry, with
which he served in the Aroostook War of 1S37. He was after-
wards Captain of the some company, until it disbanded. At the
Battle of Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, 1862, lie commanded that
portion of the Eleventh which was with the colors. Died at
Cherryfield, Me.
Lieutenant-Colonel Winslow P. Spofford entered service as
Captain of Co. G ; promoted to Major, Sept. 16, 1862 ; to
Lieutenant-Colonel, Nov. 10, 1863. Was mortally wounded while
in command of the regiment at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2,
1864. Died of wounds at Fortress Monroe, Ya., June 17, 1864.
One of the batteries on the Bermuda Hundred front named in his
honor.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 347
General Charles P. Baldwin entered service as Captain of Co.
(new) B ; promoted to Major, July 3, ISO J- ; to Lieutenant-Colonel,
April 5, 1865. While the regiment was at Morris Island, S. 0.,
during the siege of Fort Sumter, he commanded a battery of 13-
inch mortars at the north end of the island. He was twice
wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14, 18G4, once severely.
He recovered from his wounds sufficiently to return to the regi-
ment in November, 18G4. During the winter of 1S64-C5 he was
Judge Advocate of a Court Martial, and also a member of the
board for the examination of officers commissioned by the Gov-
ernors of States. He was severely wounded at Hatchers Run,
Ya., April 1, 1SC5. He was promoter! to Colonel, by brevet, ••' for
gallant and meritorious conduct in the Battle of Deep Bottom,
Ya., Aug. 14, 1&64," and to Brigadier-General, by brevet, " f or
gallant and meritorious service at the Battle of Hatcher's Run,
Ya., April 1, 1SG5." He served as President of a Board of Claims,
and President of a Military Commission from July 1, 1865, until
ordered to be mustered out. He was examined by a board of
officers appointed to examine applicants for positions in the regu-
lar army, and was recommended for the position of Captain.
Major Henry C. Adams entered service as Commissary Ser-
geant; promoted to Sergeant-Major, Sept, 16, 1862 ; to Second
Lieutenant of Co. G, April 27, 1863 ; to First, Lieutenant of
Co. G, Jan. 6, 1864 ; to Captain of Co. G, Dee. IT, 1SG4 ; to Major,
April 25, 18G5. In addition to the duties of his own position, he
performed the duties of Quartermaster Sergeant from May 31,
1862, to Sept. 1G, 1862, and the duties of Regimental Quartermaster
from July 4, 1862, to Aug. 18, 1862. Detailed as Post Commissary
at Femandina, Fla., from Aug. 11, 1863, iv Oct. 15, 1803. One
of the officers detailed to accompany the reenlisted men to Maine
on their veteran furlough in February, 1864. Detailed as Staff
Commissary at Headquarters, Army of the James, from May 23,
18G4, to Dec., 1864; commanded the right wing of the regiment
in the campaign of 1865 ; in command of the regiment at Appo-
mattox, Ya., after Colonel Hill was wounded on the morning of
April 9, 1S65, and most of the time while the regiment was sta-
tioned at Piehinoud, Ya. When the regiment was ordered to the
Northeastern District of Virginia he commanded the Sub-Dis-
trict of Fauquier; with headquarters at Warrenton, and later
relieved General Harris, commander of the Northeastern Dis-
to
Quartermaster Ivory J. Robinson entered service as Quarter
master. He died while on sick leave.
348 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
trict, which he commanded until relieved by General Hill, after
which he commanded the Sub-District of Kappahannock, with
headquarters at Fredericksburg, until ordered to be mustered out.
Staff.
Captain Charles J. Permell, at the commencement of the Avar,
was an officer in the Mechanic Blues of Portland, Me. He
entered service as First Lieutenant of Company B. 1st Maine
Infantry, May 3, 1861, and served with that company until its
muster out, Aug. 5, 180 1. He joined the Eleventh as Adjutant.
After leaving the Eleventh, was First Lieutenant of the Portland
Mechanic Blues from Sept. 18, 18G9, to April 27, 1871, and Cap-
tain of the same company from April 23, 1873, to June 18, 1877.
Adjutant Harrison Hume entered service as Sergeant-Major ;
promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. I, May 11, 1862, and to
Adjutant, May 31, 1862. He was a member of the Maine Senate
in the winter of 1805.
Adjutant Henry 0. Fox entered service as Sergeant in Co. F ;
promoted to Sergeant- Major, May 11, 1862 ; to Second Lieuten-
ant of Co. H, Aug. 24, 1862, and to Adjutant, Oct, 1, 1862.
Wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. He acted as Assist-
ant Adjutant-General on the staff of Colonel Plaisted while the
regiment was at Fernandina, Fia., and as Assistant Inspector-
General of the troops at Fernandina, Fla., from Aug. IS, 1863, to
Get. 6, 1863. After leaving the Eleventh, was appointed First
Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 4th IT. S. Vols., Xov. 1, 1S64
(a regiment organized from rebel prisoners), and served in the
Far West until mustered out at Leavenworth, Kan., June 18,
1S66. J
Adjutant Sanford llanscom entered service as First Lieutenant
of the 8th Co. Unassigned Maine Volunteers, which was assigned
to the Eleventh ; promoted to Adjutant, April 26, 1865. When
the regiment was ordered to the Northeastern District of Vir-
ginia, was assigned to duty on the staff of General Thomas M .
Harris, commanding the District as Acting Assistant Adjutant
General.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 349
Quartermaster John Ham entered service as Quartermaster.
He resigned at Morris Island, S. C.
Quartermaster William II. H. Andrews entered service as pri-
vate ; promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant, Sept. 10, 1862 ; to
First Sergeant of Co. E, Nov. 1, 1862 ; to Quartermaster Ser-
jeant, May 1, 1863, and to First Lieutenant and Quartermaster,
Feb. 16, 1804- Was commissioned Captain of Co. A, Oct. 30,
1805, but not mustered. In the campaigns of 1864-65 he acted
as Brigade Quartermaster most of the time. After being mus-
tered out, he made his home in Boston. Mass., where he was
engaged in the practice of law. He died at Philadelphia, Pa.
Surgeon Nathan F. Blunt was a graduate from the University
Medical College, New York City. He joined the regiment at
Chiekahominy Railroad Bridge. While the regiment was at Fer-
nandina, Fla., he was Post Surgeon, and in charge of hospital and
quarantine. At Morris Island, S. C, he had surgical charge of a
brigade hospital. _ He was assigned to the charge of the Base
Hospital of the 10th Army Corps in September, 1864, and later
was Medical Inspector of the General Hospital of the Army of the
James at Point of Pocks, Va., until mustered out.
Surgeon Richard L. Cook, at the commencement of the war,
was assistant physician at the Insane Hospital at Augusta, Me.
He entered service as Assistant Surgeon : promoted to Surgeon,
Oct. 30, 1865,
Assistaut-Surgeon Woodman W. Royal entered service as Assist-
ant Surgeon.
Chaplain Caleb II. Ellis, after leaving the Eleventh, again
entered service as Captain of Co. E, 31st Me. Infantry, Mar. 11,
1864 ; was discharged for disability, Oct. 19, 1864.
Chaplain dames Wells was a Congregationalist, a graduate of
the Bangor Theological Seminary. Was city missionary at Ban-
gor, Me., from 1S50-1 858 ; pastor at Dedham, Me., from 18-38-
187:2 (absent while Chaplain of the Eleventh) ; pastor at Xorth-
bridge, Mass., from 1872-1875 ; First Church, Millbury, Mass.,
1875-1876; Dunbarton, X. IP, 1877-1880 : Halifax, Mask, 1880-
1S83 ; Douglass, Mass., from 1883 to date of death.
350 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
NOX- COMMISSIONED STAFF.
Captain Samuel W. Lane, before entering the Eleventh, served
as Sergeant in Co. A, 1st Me.' Cavalry, from Oct. 19, 1861, to
Mar. 9, 1862. He joined the Eleventh as private ; promoted
to Commissary Sergeant, Oct, 10, 1862 ; to Quartermaster Ser-
geant, Nov. 1, 1862 ; and to Sergeant-Major, May 1, 1863. Was
commissioned Second Lieutenant of Co. D, Sept. 1, 1863, but not
mustered. While awaiting muster he was promoted to Captain
in the 25th IT. S. Infantry Volunteers, Feb. 24, 1864.
Sergeant-Major Elias P. Morton entered service as private :
promoted to Corporal, Jan. 23, 18G2 ; wounded at Fair Oaks,
Va., May 31, 1862 ; rejoined the regiment at Harrison's Landing,
Va,, July 13, 1802 ; promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 19, 1862 ; Clerk
at Post Headquarters, Fernandina, Fla., June 13, 1863, to Oct. 6,
1863 ; Clerk at Brigade Headquarters at Morris Island, S. C,
Oct. to Dec, 1863 ; and Clerk at Regimental Headquarters in
1861 until promoted to Sergeant-Ma j or. May 10, 186-1. After
leaving the Eleventh, was Clerk for Maid* S. B. Bean : Quarter-
master of the 1st Division, 5th Army Corps, from Feb. to June,
1865, and at Fort Halleek, now Wyoming., from July to Dec,
1865.
Sergeant-Major Alexander Von Siebold entered service as pri-
vate in Co. D ; promoted to Scrgeaut-Major, Nov. 18, 1864. ;
woundt'd at Appomattox, Va., Apr. 9, 1865.
Sergeant-Major Horace A. Manley entered service as private in
Co. B ; transferred to Co. C, Sept. 1, 1862 ; promoted to Cor-
poral, Nov. 5, 1863 * reenlisted Jan. 8, 1864 ; promoted to Ser-
geant-Major, June 1, 1865 ; returned to ranks, Jan. 24, 1866.
Was commissioned Second Lieutenant of Co. E, but not mus-
tered. While the regiment was at Fernandina, Fla., he edited
and published a newspaper.
Sergeant-Major Willard Barker entered service as private in
Co. E, 12th Me. Infantry, Oct, 1, 1861, and was discharged
for disability, June 19. 1863. He reenlisted in Co. A, of the
J 9 3 »
Eleventh, 'Dec 3, 1S63, and joined the regiment at Morris Island,
S. C. Promoted to Corporal, Feb. 1, 1864 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 18,
1864; to First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865 ; and to Sergeant-Major,
Jan. 24, 1866, Died at Frveburg, Me.
PEK30XAL SKETCHES. 351
Captain George H. Caldwell entered service as Quartermaster
Sergeant ; promoted to Captain and A. A. G., Aug. 1, 1862, and
served on the stair' of General John C. Caldwell at Antietam,
Fredericksburg,, and Chancel lorsville ; on the staff of Colonel
E. C. Cross, 5th New Hampshire Volunteers, at Gettysburg ; and
on the staff of General Nelson A. Miles,, in the Wilderness, at
CorbiVs Bridge, Tolopotomoy, Ta, Po, Ny, SpottsylYania, Cold
Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, and Ream's Station. He
received three contused wounds at Fredericksburg, bad his leg
broken under the shelling which preceded Pickett's charge at
Gettysburg, had a horse shot, under him while charging a battery
at Petersburg, and a horse shot under him at Ream's Station.
Taken sick at Petersburg and detailed as Recorder of a Military
Commission in Washington, where lie served until mustered out.
He was in Ford's Theater when President Lincoln was shot.
Quartermaster Sergeant John Williams entered service as pri-
vate; promoted to Principal Musician, Sept. 10, 1862 ; returned
to ranks in Co. B in 1SG3 (by order ]Sro. 126) ; promoted to Quar-
termaster-Sergeant, Mar, 1. 1864 ; commissioned Second Lieu-
tenant but not mustered. Died at Chelsea, Mass.
Quartermaster Sergeant George P. Osborne entered service as
private in Co.. A ; Acting Hospital Steward of the 4th S. C. Vols,
at Fernaudina, Fla. : reen listed Jan. 4, 1SG4; Clerk at Brigade
Headquarters, Sept., 1864; promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant,
June 13, 1865 ; returned to ranks in Co. A, Sept. 17, 1S65.
Quartermaster Sergeant Samuel Frye entered service as private
in Co. A; promoted to Corporal, July 30, 1S64 ; to Sergeant,
Jan. 1, 1SG5 ; and to Quartermaster Sergeant, Sept. 17, 18G5.
"Wounded at Petersburg, Va., Sept. 9, 1864, and at Appomattox,
Va., April 9, 18G5. Commissioned Second Lieutenant but not
mustered. Hied at Fryeburg, Me.
Commissary Sergeant William Wiley entered service as Ser-
geant in Co. B ; promoted to First Sergeant, May 23, 1862 ;
transferred to Co. G, September J, 1862 ; promoted to Commis-
sary Sergeant, August 1, 1864.
Commissary Sergeant Samuel Cushing entered service as pri-
vate in Co. B ; promoted to Corporal, October 4, 1S62 ; to Ser-
geant, Nov. 1, 1862 ; to Commissary Sergeant, Nov. IS, 1864.
Commissary Sergeant Joseph G. Bicker entered service as
852 ' THE' STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Wagoner in Co. K ; reenlisted Jan. IS, 1864; promoted to Com-
missary Sergeant, June 13, IS 05.
Hospital Steward Charles P. Hubbard entered service as pri-
vate in Co. K ; promoted to Hospital Steward, May 2?, 1862.
After leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. E, 1st Me. Cavalry,
Dec. 11, 1863. Hied of disease at City Point, Ya., Oct. 2,
1864, while in service.
Hospital Steward G-eorge C. Thaxter entered service as pri-
vate ; promoted to Hospital Steward, Sept. 10, 1862.
Hospital Steward George B. Noyes entered service as Sergeant
in Co. K ; discharged Sept. 25, 1862 ; reenlisted as Hospital
Steward, Feb. 25, 1864.
Principal Musician Sylvester C. Moody entered service, May
3, 1861, as Sergeant in Co. E, 1st Me. Infantry ; mustered out
with that regiment, Aug. 5, 1861 ; entered the Eleventh as Princi-
pal Musician. After leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted as First
Sergeant in the 26th unaligned company, which later became
Co. D, 1st Battalion of Infantry, and served from April 5, 1805,
to April 5, I860.
Principal Musician Joseph Webb entered service as private in
Co. C ; promoted to Principal Musician, May 3, 1802 ; returned
to ranks m 1863 ; again promoted to Principal Musician, Nov. 1.
1S63.
Principal Musician Abner Brooks entered service as Musician in
Co. K ; promoted to Principal Musician, Nov. 1, 1863.
Principal Musician Samuel Clark entered service as private in
Co. D : promoted to Principal Musician, Nov. IS, 1864.
Principal Musician Sidney F. Downing entered service as pri-
vate in Co. F ; promoted to Principal Musician, March 1, 1865.
Principal Musician Gilbert Getehell entered service as private
in Co. B ; promoted to Principal Musician, Sept. 1, 1865.
Principal Musician Waldeua F. Peters entered service as pri-
vate in Co. G : reenlisted Jan. 4, 186-1 ; promoted to Principal
Musician, June 15, 1S65.
Band.
Ptoscoe G. Buck, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as
Principal Musician in the 20th Me. Infantry, Feb. 7, 186-1 ; dis-
charged for disability in 1864.
1
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
353
Joseph M. Fuller, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as
Bugler iu Co. C, 2d Me. Cavalry ; mustered out with that regi-
ment, Dec. 6, 18G5.
Joseph R. M. Huntress, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted
as private in Co. B, 29th Me. Infantry, Jan. 6, 1864 ; died of
disease at Xew Orleans, La., Aug. 25, 1864.
Thomas K. Jones, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as pri-
vate in Co. B, 17th Me. Infantry, Feb. 12, 1864, and was trans-
ferred to Co. H, 17th Me. Infantry, and again transferred to Co.
II, 1st Me. If. A., June 4, 1865, as a musician, and mustered out
with that regiment.
Hon. James M. Larrabee since leaving the army has been
honored with numerous civil offices. He has been a member and
president of the Common Council and Board of Aldermen of
Gardiner. For five years was City Collector and Treasurer, also
assessor and overseer of the poor. For twenty-five years he has
been one uf the superintending School Committee, and from 1894
to the present time Superintendent of the schools. In July,
1885, appointed, by Governor Bobie, Judge of the Police Court
of the city of Gardiner for four years, and twice reappointed.
Judge Larrabee has always been interested in educational matters
and himself has been a close student since leaving school. He
has been a prominent Mason, and lias served as Master of the
Lodge, High Priest of the Chapter, Master of the Council and
Commander of the Commandery in his own city, and also as Grand
High Priest of the Grand Chapter and Deputy Grand Com-
mander of the Grand Commandery of Maine. He was one of the
charter members of Heath Post, and still retains his membership.
William Libby, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. C,.
29th Me. Infantry, as private, February 16, 1864 ; discharged for
disability, April 5, I8b6.
George B. Safford, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as
privale in Co. C, 29ih Me. Infantry: promoted to Corporal,
and discharged for disability.
Benjamin Y\\ Storer, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as
private in Co. E", 29th Me. Infantry, Jan. 7, 1864. Died of
disease at Winchester, Ya., Oct. 2S, 1864.
Sbl THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Co mp a xi* A.
Captain Woodbury S. Pennell was a member of the Mechanic
Blues of Portland, on the breaking out of the war, and went
with that company — B of the 1st Me. Infantry — as Sergeant,
April 27, 1861, and was mustered out Aug. 5, 1861; lie enlisted
a number of men for the Eleventh, and was mustered as Captain
of Co. A. Resigned on account of disability. After leaving the
Eleventh, reenlisted, March 1, 1SG5, as private in the 11th unas-
signed Co. which was assigned to the 12th Me. Infantry, and
was mustered out with that regiment at Savannah, Ga.j March G,
1S66.
Captain Randall Libby, 2d, was the original Second Lieutenant
of Co. A; promoted to Captain, May 11, 1868; commanded the
•company with high credit to himself throughout the Peninsula
campaign. From Carolina City, Jan. 4, 1863, he was obliged to go
to the General Hospital at Beaufort, 1ST, C, and never rejoined
the regiment. He resigned, by reason of disability, March 24,
186*3, and died at his borne in Porter, Me., May 7, 1871, of con-
sumption contracted in service.
Captain Melville Mr. Folsom was the original First Lieutenant
of Co. K; was appointed Inspecting Officer of the Post at Fer-
nandina, Fia., Aug. 7, 1SG3, and Acting Regimental Quarter-
master at Black Island, S. C, Feb. 1%, 18G-1 ; April 25, 1864, was
assigned to command of Co. D, only acting a short time ; pro-
moted to Captain, Co. A, May 4, 1SG4 ; at Bermuda Hundred,
Ya., June 2, 1864, his company was left-reserve picket, and when
the line to his left was broken, he deployed his company so as to
secure the flank and rear of the regiment and obstinately main-
tained his position until the regiment had time to withdraw to
its new line, losing one killed and thirteen wounded, four
mortally, of Co. A. On July 3, 1864, he was detached with his
^company as part of the garrison below Four Mile Creek ; on
Sept. 15, 1SG-1, was ordered to Maine, for fifteen days, for
recruits for the regiment ; mustered out at expiration of term of
service, Nov. IS, 1864. He participated in every engagement of
the regiment during his three years without receiving a wound.
Captain Charles A. Rolfe entered service as private in (new)
Co. B, which joined the regiment at Yorktowu. Ya., Sept. 20,
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 355
1862; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 20, 186-2; to Sergeant, Oct.
I, 1862 ; to 2d Lieutenant of Co. A, July 7, 186 i-. He com-
manded Co. B until December, 1864 ; also commanded Co. I from
Not. 2, 1864, to Dec. 17, 1864 ; promoted, to Captain of Co. A,
Dee. 17, 18G4. Participated in every skirmish and engagement,
raid or reconnoissan.ee, in which the Eleventh took part, from the
date of joining it until the final wind up at Appomattox, Va.,
and received neither wound nor scratch.
Major Sylvanus B. Bean's first military service was in the
Madawaska, War, in 1839, as Orderly Sergeant of Captain Z.
Gibson's company of artillery. In October, 18.61, at his home
in Brownheld, he enlisted twenty-one men from that and adjoin-
ing towns for the Eleventh, and entered service as 1st Lieutenant
of Co. A ; detached on recruiting service in Maine in January,
1SG2 ; was detached for service as mail agent in the Quarter-
master's Department, Army of the Potomac, April 27, 1862, and
resigned to accept promotion as Captain and A. Q. M. of Vols., ■
and was assigned to duty with the Artillery Reserve, Army of the
Potomac; and later to General G. R. Paul's brigade, 1st Army
Curps, and in July, 1863, was serving as Assistant Quartermaster
of General Baxter's brigade at Gettysburg ; in July, 1SG-1-, as-
signed to the 1st Division, 5th Army Corps, where he served,
until July, 18G5, when he was ordered to report to Captain P. T.
Turnley, A. Q. M., at Denver, Col., and by him ordered to Fort
Halleck, now. Wyoming, as A. Q. M. and A. 0. S, of that post.
In December he relieved Captain Turnley at Denver, and in April,
18GG, was ordered home to be mustered out. He was brevetted
Major and A. Q. M., March 13, 18G5, *'"' for faithful and merito-
rious services during the war."
Lieutenant. Judson L. Young entered service as Sergeant;
reenlisted Jau. 16, ISG-i; wounded at Deep Pun, Va., Aug. 18,
1864; promoted 1st Sergeant, Sept. 16, 1864; 2d Lieutenant,
Dec. 18, 18G4 ; and 1st Lieutenant, Co. A, April 25, 1865. As
Sergeant he acted 1st Sergeant from May 31, 1SG2, to Not.,
18G2, and from July 15, 1863, to July 10, 1864. As Lieutenant
he commauded Co, D from Feb., 18G5, to March; J8G5, and from
April 16, 1865, to June 12, 1865, when he took command of Co.
A, which command he retained until mustered out. When the
regiment was ordered to the N, E. District of Va., Lieutenant
356 THE- STORY OF ONE REGIMENT,
Young was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal and Assistant
Superintendent of Freedinen for Fauquier County, with head-
quarters at Warren ton, and later was Provost Marshal and As-
sistant Superintendent of Freedmen for Spottsylvania County,
holding alternate sessions of the Freedrnen's Court at Spottsylvania
0. H. and the city of Fredericksburg.
Lieutenant Charles E. Poor was an original Corporal of Co. A;
promoted to Sergeant, May 31, 1862 ; to 1st Sergeant, JN'ov. 1,
1862 ; commissioned 2d Lieutenant, June 23, 1863, but on
account of the srnallness of the company not mustered until Feb-
ruary, 1864. Resigned on account of disability, July 1, 1864, and
died at his home of disease contracted in the service.
Colonel Lewis W. Campbell entered the service at Machias, Me.,
Aug. 4, 1862, as private, and joined Co. B, 11th Me. Vols., Sep-
tember, 1862, at Yorktown, Va. ; promoted to First Sergeant,
Sept. 8, 1862 ; wounded May 17, 1864, at Bermuda Hundred,
Va. ; wounded Aug. 16, 1864, at Deep Run, Va. ; absent at hos-
pital, Philadelphia, live months ; wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va.,
March 31, 1865, and again at Appomattox, Va. At Lee's surren-
der, had a narrow escape by having handkerchief cut from under
his chin. Promoted to 2d Lieutenant, Co. A, March 29, 1865.
During summer of 1865, at different times was in command of
Co. A ; Aug. 22, 1865, in command of Co. E ; ^sTov. 30, 1865,
was detailed as A. A. A. -General at headquarters, Sub-District of
j Fauquier, Warrenton, Va. ; about January 13, 1866, assigned in
charge of Freedmen's Bureau at Culpeper Court House ; served
on several Boards of Survey and Inquest at different points ; mus-
S tered out of service, Feb. 13, 1865, at Augusta, Me., having
served three years, six months, and thirteen days ; commissioned
as Aid-de-camp, with the rank of Colonel, on the staff of the Gov-
ernor of Minnesota, July 10, 1896.
, First Sergeant Dexter Walker entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1861 ; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1S65,
and to First Sergeant, Jan. 24, 1866.
Sergeant William II. Kalor entered service as Second Sergeant
of Company A; detached in Signal Corps, Dec. 24, 1861; re-
turned to regiment at Fernandina, Fla., September, 1863 ; served
on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C. ; again detached in Sig-
nal Corps, March 12, 1864 ; mustered out of Signal Corps at
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
357
Hilton Head, S. C, Nov. 11, 1861, at expiration of bis term of
service. Died at Portland, Me.
Lieutenant William II. Broad entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Feb. 24, 1862 ; to Sergeant, May 11, 1862 ;
and discharged for disability, Oct. 2, 1862. After leaving the
Eleventh he again entered service as First Lieutenant of the 7th
California Infantry, Dec. 7, 1864, and served until June 28,
186G. lie served in Arizona from May 1, 1865, to June 1, 1866.
Sergeant William G. Lee entered service as private ; promoted
to Sergeant, May 12, 1862 ; returned to ranks, April 3, 1863 ;
promoted to Corporal, May 18, 1863 ; on special duty in Ambu-
lance Corps, Aug., 1862, to Feb., 1863 ; Clerk at Headquarters, 1st
Brigade, and in Quartermaster's Department, Fernandina, Fla.,
May, 1363, to Dee., 1863, and at Headquarters, 2d Brigade, 1st
Division, in 1861 till mustered out.
Sergeant Anjavine W. Gray entered service as Corporal ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, June 30, 1862.
Sergeant James F. Smith entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 31, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1S62.
Sergeant James R. Stotie entered service as private ;' promoted
to Corporal, June 10, 1S62 ; to Sergeant, Dec. 15, 1862. He
acted as First Sergeant much of the time in 1S63 and 1864.
Sergeant Robert Doyle entered service as Corporal in Co. I ;
promoted to Sergeant, March 24,1862 ; transferred to Co. A, July
1, 1863 ; reenlisted, Feb. 24, 1864 ; on artillery service at Morris
Island, S. C; returned to the ranks, Nov. 6, 1864; on Provost
Guard duty, March, 1865. Died at Togus, Me.
Sergeant James Andrews entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted, Feb. 24, 1864 ; promoted
to Sergeant, April 28, 1864; mortally wounded at Bermuda Hun-
dred, Va., June 2, 1864, Died at Fortress Monroe, Va., July 30,
1864, and is buried at Hampton, Va.
Sergeant George A. Bakeraan was out with the 1st Me. Infantry
as Captain's servant, as he was not allowed to enlist on account
of age. He entered the Eleventh as Corporal; wounded at Fair
Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; reenlisted, Feb. 21, 1864 ; on artillery
service at Morris Island, S. C, at the mortar batteries, and at
Fort Purviauce ; promoted to Sergeant, May 26, 1864. Killed in
358 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
action at Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 16, 186-1, and was buried on the
field where he fell, " oue of the bravest of the brave."
Sergeant Charles I. Wood entered service as private ; on artil-
lery service at Morris Island, S. C. ; reenlisted, Jan. 4, 1864 ;
promoted to Corporal, May 27, 1864 ; to Sergeant, July 30, 1S64 ;
wounded at Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 16, 1SG4 ; mortally wounded at
Fort Whit worth, April 2, 1865.
Sergeant Albert 0. Jordan entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1864 ; and to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1S65.
Sergeant John P. Stevens entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; and to Sergeant, May 20, 1865,
Sergeant John A. Brackett first enlisted in Sept., 1861, but
parental authority interposed to prevent his being mustered into
service at that time. Subsequent!}-, in response to his entreaties,
his parents so far yielded as to offer no further objections, though
their consent was never gained, and he enlisted Feb. 4, 1862,'
joining the regiment at Carve}* Barracks previous to its having
seen any actual service, and. was, therefore, virtually an original
member of the organization. "Wounded at Fair Oaks, Ya., May
31, 1862, having arisen from a sick bed to participate in that
action. Eeehlisted Feb. 20, 1864; again wounded at Daibytown
Bead, Oct. 13, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1864, and
immediately detailed to the Color Guard, where he remained
until prompted to Sergeant, June 12, 1865. He was mustered
out with the regiment, Feb. 2, I860. Sergeant Brackett was
born Dec. 12, 3 816, and consequently has the distinction of being
the youngest member of the regiment who reenlisted and served
to the close of the war ; indeed, it may be doubted if another can
be found in anv regiment who enlisted at his aire and carried a
musket throughout four years of service.
Sergeant Edgar A. Stevens joined Co. A at Morris Island in
January, 1864 ; was promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; to Ser-
geant, Sept. FT, 1865; wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 1,
1865.
Sergeant Asa L. Mclntire joined at Morris Island, S. C. ; was
wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2, 1864 ; on special
duty in Quartermaster's Department, February, 1865 ; promoted
to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1865, and to Sergeant, Jan. 4, 1866.
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
359
Serjeant, Amandel Barbour, after leaving the Eleventh, recn-
listed in Co. C, 29th Me. Infantry, Xov. 30, 1863 ; was promoted
to Corporal, March 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, May 10, 1S65, and
mustered out at Hilton Head; S. C, June 21, 1866.
Corporal Samuel Warren entered service as private ; was pro-
moted to Corporal, March 26, J 862; severely wounded at Fair
Oaks, Va,, May 31, 1862 — arm practically destroyed.
Corporal James B, Goldthwait entered service as private, and
was promoted to Corporal, Sept. .1, 1862.
Corporal Sylvester Stone entered service as private ; was pro-
moted to Corporal, Feb. 7, 186-1; severely wounded at Bermuda
Hundred, Va., June IS. 1864 (bullet lodging near spine), and
mustered out Xov. 18, 1864. He partially recovered from his
wound, but it broke out again, and he died from its effects.
Corporal Joseph L. Mitchell entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Feb. 7, 1864.
Corporal Joseph W. Tibbetts entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Feb. 7, 1864.
Corporal Charles L. Jordan joined the regiment at Carver
Barracks, Washington, I). C; promoted to Corporal, Feb. 7,
1864. On artillery service at Morris Island, S. C.
Corporal George W. Thompson joined the regiment at Morris
Island, S. C; promoted to Corporal, May 26, 1864; severely
wounded in arm and log at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2,.
1861. Died at Fryeburg, Me.
Corporal Henry A. Gammon entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, July 9, 1864. Died at Gilead, Me.
Corporal Thomas* IX Tain tor, Jr., entered service as private;
promoted to Corporal, Aug. 16, 1864.
Corporal Erastus J. Mansur entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, September 13, 1864.
Corporal Joseph H. Johnson entered service as private ;
wounded at Deep Kun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; promoted to Cor-
poral, Oct. 13, 1864,
Corporal Frank C. Stevens entered service as private; pro-
moted to Corporal, June 1, 1865.
Corporal John Cotter entered service as private : promoted to
Corporal, May 20, 1865.
860 THE STORY OF ONE .REGIMENT.
Corpora! Benjamin G. Seavey entered service as private in Co.
II, 23d Me. lufantiy, Sept. 10, 1862. Mustered out July 15,
1863, he reenlisted in the Eleventh and joined the regiment at
Morris Island, S. C. : was Orderly at Department Headquarters,
December, 1804; promoted to Corporal, June 12, 18G5.
Corporal Charles E. Harmon entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, June 12, I860 ; returned to ranks, Xov. 9,
1865.
Corporal Henry Hull entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, July 1, 1865.
Corporal Lewis C. Hobbs entered service as private ; served as
Brigade Sharpshooter under Lieu tenant Payne in the campaign of
1865 ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 17, 1S65.
Corporal Peter M. Casey entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1866.
Musician Bufus A. Five died at Unity, Me.
Wagoner Augustus S. Davis, after leaving the Eleventh, reen-
listed Sept. 10; 1862, as private in Co. E, Uth Me. Infantry.;
discharged Aug. 25, 1863.
Wagoner Samuel S. Hinckley entered service as private ; ap-
pointed Wagoner, May, 1862. After leaving the Eleventh, reen-
listed March 27, 1865, in the 28th unassigned infantry ; discharged
May 17, 1865.
Baker, Elista S., died at Winthrop, Me.
Bean, Daniel A., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va„, May 31, 1862 ;
detached in Quartermaster's Department with his father, Major
Bean, June, 1862, to May, 1861 ; rejoined the company at Ber-
muda Hundred, Ya., and in the action of June 2d was shot
through both thighs, and died, in hospital at Hampton, Va.,
June 6. 1864. The G-. A. P. Post in his native town of Brown-
field, Me., is named for him.
Bickford, Cyrus L., wounded at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31. 1S62,
Brooks, John 1L, died on his way home after being discharged.
Burton, Francis M., was on artillery duty at Morris Island,
S. C. ; wounded and prisoner at Deep Pun, Ya., Aug. 16, 186-1;
paroled and sent to Annapolis, Md. Died in Hope Valley, R. I.
Bibber, Benjamin P., wounded at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, 1862,
and at Deep Pun, Va. . Aug. 16, 186-1.
PERSONAL S K ETCH ES.
361
Ballard, John, was Company Cook for nearly all his term of
service. Died at Olcltown, Me.
Buswell, William L., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya.,
June 2, 1804.
. Boston, Benjamin P., wounded at Petersburg, Va., April %, 1865.
Butler, Daniel 0., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2,
1864.
Bailey, Joseph L., wounded at Darbytown Road, Ya., Oct. 13,
1804.
Bowdenstein, Josef, wounded at Petersburg, Ya., April 2,
1805
Collins, Edward P., wounded at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31,
1862.
Crocker, Nelson C, reenlisted Jan. 4, 1804, and wounded at
Deep Bun, Ya., Aug. 16, 1804. Leg amputated.
Carter, James, was on duty in the Regimental Quartermasters
Department from April, 1805. Died at Oxen Hill, Md.
Carson, Grand ison, lost three fingers from his right hand in
line of duly. He was Mi Urn an at Department Headquarters,
February, 18 Go.
Cook, Thomas D., mortally wounded at Bermuda Hundred,
Ya., June 2, 1804.
Gushing. Sti.liman, detailed as Wagoner at Division Head-
quarters, May 19, 1804. Died in Massachusetts.
Campbell, John, died in Minnesota.
Crombie, Joseph C, served as Brigade Sharpshooter under
Lieutenant Payne in the campaign of 180-3.
Doyle, Michael, on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C;
wounded at Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 10, 1804.
Day, Augustus, died at Brown field, Me.
Eastman, Hiram W. K.. served in the Ambulance Corps from
May 3, 1804, to May 4. 1805.
Edwards, Louis P., died at Galveston, Tex.
Prye, Stephen P., died at Pryeburg, Me.
Flanders, Enoch, died at Penobscot, Me.
Goldthwait, William, died at Bridgton, Me.
OV2 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Gilman, Hezekiab, served as Brigade Sharpshooter under Lieu-
tenant Payne in the campaign of ±S65.
Gomery, Aaron, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2,
1864 ; mortally wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1S64.
Hodsdon, Charles S. B., severely wounded at Deep Run, Va.,
Aug. 16, 1864.
Hartford, William IL, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va.,
June 2, 1864. Died at Wells, Me.
. Heald, William S., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June
18, 1864.
Harris, Frederick G., mortally wounded at Appomattox, Va.,
April 9, 1865.
Hinklcy, Haskell W., died at Bluehill, Me.
Johnson, Albert A., died at Chicago, 111.
Jewett, Joseph B., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June
2, 1864.
Johnston, Charles, on duty in the Quartermaster's Department
from Jan. 1, 1805.
Kenniston, Samuel E., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted
Aug. 27, 1863, in Co. II, 4th Me. Infantry, and died at Washing-
ton, D. C, of wounds received in action, May 29, 1864.
Kenniston, Watson, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va,, May 31, 1862.
Lynch, George, on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C.
Died at Augusta, Me.
Lary, Jonas G., died at Gilead, Me.
Miles, Charles E., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
C, 1st Me. Veterans, Aug. IS, 1864 ; mustered out at Defenses of
Washington, June 16, 1865. Died at Oldtown, Me.
Miles, George 0., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in 2d
Me. Cavalry, ISTov. 17, 1S63 ; as Sergeant, mustered out at Bar-
rancas, Fla., Dec. 6, 1S65.
Mace, Andrew C, the first man killed in the regiment, also the
first killed in Casey's division.
Morrison, David, mortally wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May
31, 1862.
Moore, Calvin D., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1S62.
Shot through chest. Died at Haverhill, Mass.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 363
Maloney, John, entered service In Co. F ; transferred to Co.
A> May, 1862. After leatmg the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. F,
29th Me. Infantry, Jan. 1, 1864 ; died of disease at Darlington,
S. 0., while in service.
Mills, Edward W., killed on the railroad at Augusta, Me.
McFarlaud, Daniel Y., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va.,
June 2, 1864. Eight arm amputated.
McFarland, Thomas, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va. ,
June 2, 18G4.
Mahomet, Abel, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Ya., April 9,
1865.
Monroe, Frederick 0., died at York, Pa.
Xoycs, Frank E., on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C.
After leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted Dec. 15, 1866, in the
United States Arinv as Frank E. Yarden. and was assigned to
Troop I, 7th Cavalry. Discharged and reenlisted May 26, 1872,
and appointed First Sergeant. Killed with General Custer at
Battle of Little Biff Horn, Montana.
'c AA -'->■»;
JSfoonan, John, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. I,
29th Me. Infantry, Oct. 26, 1863: discharged at Augusta, Me.,
Aug. 28, 1865. Died at Leeds, Me.
Nadeau, Mitchell and Peter (borne on rolls as Neddo), were
twins from Oldtown. Mitchell reenlisted Jan. 21, 1864 : on artil-
lery service at Morris Island, S. C. ; wounded at Bermuda Hun-
dred, Jane 2, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, June 12, 1865 ;
returned to the ranks, Aug. 1, 1865. Peter reenlisted Jan. 4,
1864 ; on artillery service at Morris Island, S. C. Wounded at
Darbytown Road, Va., Oct. 13, 1864; left hand and right arm
— severe.
Orr, George A., wounded at Petersburg, Ya., April 2, 1865.
Palmer, Charles E., wounded at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, 1862.
Pingree, Thomas G., discharged for disability at Augusta, Me.,
Sept. 15, 186'?, and reenlisted in same company, Dec. 14, 1863.
Died at Denmark, Me.
Poor, Francis, accidentally wounded in camp, June 8, 1864.
Peterson, George 11., died at Machiasport, Me.
Pounds, Ezra, discharged for disability at Washington, D. C ,
364
THE STOitr OF ONE REGIMENT.
July 5, 180*2 ; reenlisted in same company, Jan. 6, 1864. Died
at Browniield, Me.
Rounds, Leonard P., after being transferred to the V. R. C,
reenlisted in 14th New Hampshire Infantry, March, 1865; dis-
charged with that regiment, July 18, 1805 ; discharged from the
Y. K. C, to date March, 1805. After the war, served for six
years in the Massachusetts Militia,
Richardson, George H., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va.,
June 10, 1864. Arm amputated.
Small, Ruben II., mortally wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug.
10, 1864.
Struck, Henry G., wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Stratton, John, died at Boston, Mass.
Smith, Eben E., severely wounded at Deep Pun, Va., Aug. 16,
1861. Leg amputated..
Sites, Joseph S., wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865.
Spearin, John, detailed as Millman at Department Headquar-
t e r s , Fe br ua ry , 1 S 0 5 .
Tuck, Cass, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 16GC. Died
at Milton, N. II.
Thompson, Ezra, died at Buxton, Me.
YTirham, Phineas, wounded at Drurv's Bluff, Va., by the acci-
dental discharge of liis gun, May 13, 1861.
Wood, Ira D., died at Steep Falls, Standish, Me.
"Witham, Albert X., died at Rockland, Me.
Company B.
Captain Kathamel W. Cole entered service as First Lieutenant ;
promoted to Captain, May 23, 1862.
Colonel Charles Selimer joined the Eleventh as First Lieuten-
ant in Co. D, June 13. 18G3, from First Sergeant, Battery D, 1st
V. 8. Artillery, in wh.icli he bad served from Nov. 8, 1854, to
date of joining the Eleventh Maine. During these nine years he
served in Florida (taking part in Second Seminole War), Vir-
ginia, Louisiana, and South Carolina, and was present at sur-
render of Baton Rouge Arsenal to i\r^ State of Louisiana in
February, 1861, declining splendid offers made him to join the
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
365
Southern cause. Lieutenant Sellmer acted as Instructor of Ar-
tillery to the 11th Maine, and as A. A. I. G., District of Amelia
Island,, until ordered to command a detachment of forty men
from companies C, E, F, G, and K, 11th Maine, to serve as
artillerists on Morris Island, S. C., during the siege of Charleston
and Fort Wagner, manning mortar batteries and the famous
" Swamp Angel/' which fired the first shell into the city. Upon
the organization of -the "Army of the James" he was appointed
A. A. I, G., 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 10th Army Corps, and A. A.
I. Gc.f 1st Division. 10th Army Corps, December, 1864 ; promoted
to Captain. Co. B, July IT, 1864. Captain Sellmer served on the
stall of Major-General R. S. Foster, commanding 1st Division,
24th Army Corps, during the winter of 1864 to July, I860, and
as A. A. I. G._, Dept, of Ma., from that time to muster out of-
the regiment. lie was brevetted Major for <( conspicuous gal-
lantry in the assault on Fort Gregg, Va. ,'v and Lieutenant-Colonel
for "gallant and meritorious services during the war." lie vats
in the field from the surrender of Baton Kongo Arsenal, La.,
1861, until the war ended, with Lee's surrender ; was twice
wounded, though never officially reported. Appointed Second
Lieutenant C S. Arm)-. Sept. 2, 1867 ; graduated at the U. S.
Artillery School at Fortress Monroe, Va., in 1872. During his
twenty-four years' service as a commissioned officer of the regular
army lie has served in almost every capacity — Commissary of
Subsistence. Quartermaster, Adjutant, Ordnance Officer, Post
Treasurer, Recruiting Officer, Battery Commander of heavy and
light Artillery Batteries — in almost every State of the Union.
Retired July 31, 1891.
Lieutenant Corydon A. Alvord, Jr., entered service as Principal
Musician ; promoted to Second Lieutenant, Co. B, May 1, 1S62,
and to First Lieutenant, May 23. 1S62 ; after the Peninsula cam-
paign, detached and served as aid on staff of General John C.
Caldwell.
Lieutenant Fred T. Mason entered service as private; promoted
to Sergeant, Sept. s, 1862 ; to Second Lieutenant, Oct. 31, 18G2 ;
to First Lieutenant, July 18, 1861 ; served as aid on staff of the
Brigade Commander much, of Ids time; wounded at Appomattox,
Va., April 0, i860; commissioned Captain, hut not mustered.
Lieutenant James Whitney, before entering the Eleventh, served
366 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
as private in Co. E, 1st Me. Infantry, from May 3, 1861, to Aug.
5, 1861. Joined Co. B as First Sergeant; promoted to Second
Lieutenant. May 23, 1862 : dismissed by sentence of a G. C. M. ;
reenlisted in Co. E, 8th Me. Infantry, Sept. 25, 1862; promoted
to Sergeant. Died at Milport, Mass.
Lieutenant Clarence C. Frost entered service as private in Co.
F; promoted to Corporal, Feb. 1, 1863, to Sergeant, May 1, 1864.
to First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1805, to Second Lieutenant, Co, B,
April 16, 1865, and to First Lieutenant of Co. F, Oct. 30, 1865,
but not mustered. In the last months of his service he served as
Act. Asst. Adjutant-General, List, of X. E. Ya.
First Sergeant George Jackson entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1861 ; to First Sergeant, May 1, 1865 ;
wounded at Fort Whitworth., Ya., April 2, 1S05,
First Sergeant LoberL F. Kobinson entered service as private ;
promoted, to Corporal, June 1, 1865; to First Sergeant, July 1,
1865.
First Sergeant Charles Ilaney entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, Aug. 1. 1SG5 ; to First Sergeant, Xov. 12. 18^5.
First Sergeant Henry F. Randall entered service as private ;
promoted to First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1866.
Sergeant Charles A. Cooke, after leaving the Eleventh, reen-
listed as private in Co. I), 30th Me. Infantry, Fee. 29, 18G3 ;
taken prisoner at Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1861, and a prisoner
in the hands of the enemy until Oct. 23, 1861 ; mustered out with
his regiment at Savannah, Ga., Aug. 20, 1865.
Sergeant William A. Stackpole entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Jan. 15, 1862, and to Sergeant, .May 31, 1862 ;
died on transport Elm City, on his way north from Harrison's
Lauding, Ya.
Sergeant Alexander T. Eaton entered service as Corporal ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, June 1, 1SG2. He carried the colors at the
Battle of Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, 1802. Died on transport on his
way north.
Sergeant; John W. Hayward entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Sept. 28, 1862; to Sergeant, Xov. 1, 1862;
wounded at Newmarket Load, Ya., Oct. 7, 1861. Died at Glen-
wood, Iowa.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 367
Sergeant Bufus M. Davis entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Sept. 26, 18*62 ; to Sergeant, April 1, 1864.
Sergeant Hathau Averill entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Sept. 26, 18G2 ; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 18G5.
Sergeant Xehemiah P. Maker entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Feb. 1, 1863; to Sergeant, May 1, 1865.
Sergeant Harris W. Anderson entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, July 1, 1SC5 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 1, 18C5.
Sergeant Henry McCoy entered service as private ; promoted
to Sergeant, Aug. 1, 1SG5. His true name is Francis K. House.
Sergeant William Smith entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Aug. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1SG6.
Corporal Sctii 0. Welch entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, May 12, 1862; fca&en prisoner at Savage Station, A^a.,
June 29, 1862. Died in the bands of the enemy at Savage Sta-
tion, Ya., July 3, 1862.
Corporal Jefferson H. Pike entered service as private ; ])romotcd
to Corporal, Sept. 16, 1862.
Corporal Francis A. Faulkner entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Sept. 26, 1S62,
Corporal John F. Bamsdell entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Dec. 10, 1862.
Corporal James L. .Potter entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Feb. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Deep Pun, Ya.,
Aug. 16, 186-1, wlxile serving as Color Guard.
Corporal Joseph H. Crosby entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, July 1, 1863 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred,
Ya., May 17, 1864, Killed in action at Appomattox, Ya., April
0, 1865.
Corporal William Rnshton entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1861; wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya.. Aug.
li, 186-1; wounded and taken prisoner at Appomattox, Ya.,
April 9, 1865.
Corporal Henry L. Blake entered service as private; promoted
to Corporal, May 31, 1861 ; mortally wounded at Deep Pun, Ya.,
Alio-. 10, 1864. 'Died of wounds, at Beverly, X. J., Sep!. -1, 1864.
863
THE &TOKY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Corporal Anson Crocker entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal,, June 4, 1864.
Corporal Joseph F. Barney entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, July 2, 18.64 ; severely wounded at Deep Run, Va.,
Aug. 16, 1864.
Corporal Henry A. Carter entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864.
Corporal Samuel B. Kneeland entered service as private ; pro- '
moted to Corporal, Aug. 1, 1865.
Corporal George W. Rush ton entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, April 10, I860. After leaving the Eleventh,
reenlisted in the U. S, Cavalry, and served five years. Died in
Melissa, Collin Co., Texas.
Corporal John S. Smith entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, April 10, 1805.
Corpora] Levi A. Coombs entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, March 1, 1865.
Corporal Lewis S. Henderson entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1865. Died at Lagrange, Me.
Corporal Charles C. Davis entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865. Killed in action at Appomattox, Va.,
April 9, 1865.
Corporal Michael Ryan entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, Jnlyl, 1865.
Musician John S. Kelley died at Gardiner, .Me.
Musician Benjamin A. Smith died at Hallo well. Me.
Ames, Henry C, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864.
Aiinis, James B., died at South Gardiner, Me.
Austin, Jesse, died at Beach Hill, Me.
Bangs, Albion A., wounded and taken prisoner at Deep Bun,
Va., Aug. 16, 1864.
Bean, Timothy, died at Passadumkeug, Me.
Blackburn, John, died at Haverhill, Mass. •
Brown, Daniel S., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May
17, 1864.
Bryant, Henry S., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va,, May 17,
1864*
PERSON AL SKETCHED. 369
Campbell, James H., taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April
9, I860. Died at Medford, Me.
Carter, Charles E., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June
IT, 1864; leg amputated. Discharged at Chester, Pa.
Clark, Charles II. , wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 2,
I860.
Crocker, Hanford, taken prisoner at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16,
1864, and is supposed to have died in rebel prison.
Crone, John, transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps and
mustered out in that corps.
Curtis, Zina, died at Enfield, Me.
Davis, William, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May IT,
1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1664
Day, Jacob L., died at Wesley, Me.
Feogodo, Emanuel S., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va.,
May 17, 1864.
Gibbs, Locero J., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
H, 8th Me. Infantry, Oct. 29, 1862; wounded at Cold Harbor,
Va., June T, 1864 : promoted to Corporal and Sergeant, and mus-
tered out at Richmond, Va., Oct. 30, 1865, at expiration of his
term of service.
Gra'ffam, James, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9,
1*66-
Hougdon, John B., died at North Windham, Me.
Hurd, Stephen A., died* at Boston, Mass., on his way home
after being discharged.
Kenney, Frank L., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug, 16, 1864
Lothrop, Ellis A., wounded at G-ort Gregg, Va., April 2, 1S65.
McGibbons, John, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April
9, 1865.
Miller, George II., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 10, 1864.
Arm amputated.
Mills, Jeremiah, died at Hilton Head, S. 0.
Murphy, Patrick, the assumed name of our own "Edward
Kelley " ; wounded at Fort Gregg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Xiles, Samuel C, wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
24
370 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Prebble, Charles M., wounded at Deep Bottom. Ya., Aug. !•},
1805. . Died at Corinth, Me.
Prescott, Hiram S,, a member of Co. I), Gth New Hampshire
Infantry; served with Co. 13, of the Eleventh, for a short time.
Died at Chicago, 111.
Raymond, Manuel, wounded at Appomattox, Ya., April 9,
1SG5.
Tliggs, Seth II., wounded at Xewmarket Road, Ya,, Oct. 7.
ISM.
Bowel 1, George W., died at Med way, Me*
Scott, Ezekiel, wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14, 1864.
Smiley, Charles E., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
M, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Dec. 29, 1863 ; killed in action at
Spotsylvania, Ya., May 19, 180-1,
Smith, Alfred, wounded at Deep Kim, Ya., Aug. 10, 1864.
Died at Weston, Me.
Slovens, John H., died at Benton, Me., and is buried, at Fair-
field, Me.
Tyler, Russell, a member of Co. G-, Gth New Hampshire In-
fantry ; served with the Eleventh for a short time. He returned
to the 0th Sew Hampshire about June 30, 1862 ; wounded at
Fredericksburg, Ya., Dee. 13, 1802 ; promoted to Corporal, Dee.
24, 1802 ; reenlisted Dee. 21, 1863 ; promoted to Sergeant ;
wounded at Spottsylvania, Yn, May 12, 1801; wounded at
Petersburg, Ya., June 22, 1801- ; promoted to First Lieutenant,
March -1, 1805; wounded at Petersburg, Ya., April 2, 1805;
mustered out July 1 T, 1805.
Weeks, John R., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya.., June
18, 1801. Died at Brewer, Me.
White, Thomas J7., wounded at Hatcher's Bun, Ya., March 31,
1805. Arm amputated.
Company C.
Captain George W. Seavey entered service as First Lieutenant :
promoted to Captain, May 31, 1862. After leaving the Eleventh
he reentered service as First Lieutenaut of Co. D, 2d Me. Cav-
alry. Discharged fur disability. Died at YYinncgan, Linn Co.,
Mo"!
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
o i I
Captain Edgar A, Nickels entered service as First Sergeant ;
promoted to First Lieutenant, May 31, ISO"? ; to Captain, May 1,
1863.
Captain Grafton Norris entered service as Private in Co. F ;
prompted to Sergeant, September 1, 1862 ; to Second Lieutenant.
Co. F, May 10, 1864 ; to First Lieutenant, Co. C. July 21, 1864 :
to Captain, Co. C, Dec. 17, 1864 ; commanded Co. 1) during the
month of Augustj 1864; He was sent with a party of scouts to
examine the ground between the lines at Hatcher's Ftiiu, Ya., the
night of April 1, 1805. When the regiment was ordered to the
X. E. District of Va., lie was assigned to dnty as Post Quarter-
master at Tappa bannock, and later was given command of the
Sub-District of Fauquier, with headquarters at Warrenton, which
position lie held until mustered out.
Lieutenant George W. Haskell entered service as private in Co.
F ; promoted to Corporal, May 10, 1864 ; wounded at Drury's
Bluff, Va., May 14, 1864- promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864;
to Second Lieutenant, Co. C, Jan. 15, 1805 : and to First Lieuten-
ant, Co. C, July 1, 1865. When the regiment was ordered to the X.
F. District of Virginia- he was assigned to duty a^ Provost Marshal
and Superintendent of Freedmen lor the counties of Richmond
and Westmoreland, with headquarters at Warsaw, until mustered
on i .
Lieutenant J. William West entered sendee as Second Lieuten-
ant ; he fell while bravely commanding Co. C at the Battle of Fair
Oaks, Va., and was buried where he fell, the nearest to Richmond
of any Lrnion soldier who fell in that battle. Before the. war
Lieutenant West was Captain of a Volunteer Militia Company
called the ''Silver Greys," organized at East Machias, Me., in
1810, and disbanded in 1853.
First Sergeant Fletcher K. Leighton entered service as Ser-
geant; promoted to First Sergeant. May 31, 1802.
First Sergeant Charles W. Bridgnam entered service as Corpo-
ral ; promoted to Sergeant, May 31, 1 SO'-? : to First Sergeant. Sept.
27, 1862; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1804; com-
missioned Second Lieutenant, hut not mustered.
First Sergeant Gustavus Hayford entered service as private :
promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1804; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865 :
to First Sergeant, May 4, 1805.
872 . THE STORY OF ONE EEGIMENT.
Sergeant Adams D. Plnmmer, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va.,
May 81, 1S62.
Sergeant Edwin J. Miller entered service as private ; promoted
to Sergeant, Sept. 27, 1802 ■; wounded at Darbytown Road, Va.,
Oct. 13, 1864.
Sergeant James Gross entered service as Corporal, and served
on the Color Guard; promoted to Sergeant, May 31, 1862, and
was selected as Color Sergeant and carried the colors of the regi-
ment until his muster out.
1
Sergeant George Weston entered service as private ; promoted
"to Sergeant, Sept. 27, 1862.
Sergeant Thomas S. Albee entered service as Corporal; pro-
moted to Sergeant, ?sTov. 27, 1S62.
Sergeant Allen M. Cole entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 1, 1802 ; to Sergeant, June 1, 18G3 ; wounded
at Dee]) Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, I8b'4. Arm amputated.
Sergeant xVsa AY. Googing entered service as private ; promoted
to' Corporal, May 31, 18.6*2; to Sergeant, May 1, 1864 : on artil-
lery service on Morris Island, S. C, and the ''Swamp Angel." ■
Sergeant Lovell L. Gardiner entered service as private; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 1, 18G4 ; to Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864;
wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1SG5.
Sergeant Charles A. Davis entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 1, IS64; to Sergeant, Dec. .1, 1SG4 ; wounded
at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. Arm amputated.-
Captain Hugh MeGonagle first entered service as First Ser-
geant in Co. K, 9th Massachusetts Infantry, June 11, 1801 :
promoted to Second Lieutenant, Oct. 21, 1862 ; resigned Feb.
28, 1863. lie joined the Eleventh as private ; promoted to Cor-
poral, Dec. 1, 1864; to Sergeant, Jan. J, 1865. After the war
he served in the 9th Massachusetts Infantry Militia, joining in
1866 as Second Lieutenant, and being successively promoted to
First. Lieutenant and Captain; he resigned Oct. 16, 1872. He
again entered service in the Militia in May, 1875, in Co. G,
First Battalion, Massachusetts Infantry A^olunteers, and served
until March, 1877.
Sergeant Adolphus L. Cole entered service as private; pro-
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1S63; to Sergeant, May 1, 1865.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 873
Sergeant Henry Miller entered service as private; promoted
to Corporal and Sergeant.
Sergeant Henry Albee entered service as private; reenlisted
April 12, 1864; promoted to Corporal, March 1, 1805 ; to Ser-
geant, July 1, 1865.
Sergeant I ) wight C. Kose entered service as private ; wounded
at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 10, 1864; promoted to Corporal, June
13, 1865 ; to Sergeant, July 15, 1865. "
Sergeant William C. Goodwin entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1805 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 10, 18G5.
Sergeant John Meed entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, Sept. 1, 18G5 ; to Sergeant, O'ct. 8, 1SG5 ; wounded at
Appomattox, Va., April 0, 1-865.
Sergeant Charles At. Dexter entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, Nov. 1, I860.
Corporal Koswell M. Iloyt entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 31, im%
Corporal Melville Cole entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, May 31, 1863 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va.,
dune 2, 1864.
Corporal John A. Hammond entered service as private; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1SG-1- ; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va.,
Aug. 14, 1864. Foot amputated.
Corporal Edward Noyes entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, .May 1, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 1G,
1864. Arm amputated.
Corpora1 James E. McCinnis entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal May 1, 180-1/
Corporal William U. Neweomb entered service as private in
Co. B ; transferred to Co. C in 1SG3 ; wounded at Deep Bottom,
Va., Aug. 14, 1864 : promoted to Corporal, Dee. 1, 1864.
Corporal Ihiben G. Banker entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865.
Corporal Thomas Donahue entered service as private ; promoted
lo Corporal, March 1, 18G5 ; mortally wounded at Fort Gregg, Va.,
April 2, 1805.
Lieutenant Edward 13. Kedmau entered service as private :
374 TI1L STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT.
promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1SG5. Before entering the Elev-
enth, he served in the 4th Me. Infantry from June 15, 1861, to
July 19, 1801, as private, Corporal, Sergeant, and First Lieuten-
ant. Wounded at Chantilly in 1862. Died at Waldo, Oregon.
Corporal Michael Linehau entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 1, 1865.
Corporal Frank Thornton entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, June 13, 1865.
Corporal Arnold B. Wadey entered service as private : pro-
moted to Corporal, June 13, 1865. Died at New Bedford, Mass.
Corporal Ephraim A. McDonald entered service as private;
promoted to Corporal, July 1, 18G5.
Corporal William S. Lyscomb entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, July 1, 1866, Before joining the Eleventh
he served as Corporal in Co. IF, 1st Me. Cavalry. Died at Show-
hegan, Me.
Corporal Oscar D. Wilbur entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, duly 1, 18G5.
Corporal Ephraim Chase entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, July 1, 1805.
Corporal Edward Me-nlton entered service as private : promoted
to Corporal, Sept. 1, 1865.
Aehley, George, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. A.
2d Mass. Infantry, May 26, tool:- East record, transferred from
hospital at Atlanta, Ga., October, 1864.
Armstrong, Alonzo, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. 11, 31st Me. Infantry. April 9, 1864 ; twice wounded at Spott-
sylvania, V'a., May 12, 1864. Leg amputated. Died at Machias,
Maine,
I
Billingion, Seth A., wounded at Charles City Road, Va., Oct.
27, 1364. Died at Weld, Me.
Eianehard, Josiah, Jr., died at Abbot, Me.
Carnon, Frederick W., died at jSFewbem, X. C.
Connor, Richard, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862.
Died at Miilbridgc, Me.
Eldridge, John, died at Buxton, Me.
Elliott, John W.. wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. Id, 1S64.
Elliott, William B., died at Bangor, Me.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 375
Foster, Loandcr K., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va,, May 81, 1862,
Gilman, George, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
H, 28th Me. Infantry, Oct. 10, 1862. Died from sunstroke at
Donaldsonville, La., May 1?, 1863.
Graffam, Andrew J., the assumed name of Andrew J. Rice.
Gray, Thomas, died at East Milton, Mass,
Johnson, Charles, died at Boothbay, Me.
Keith, Charles EL, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. I, 20th Me. Infantry, Oct. 4, 1864, and was mustered out
with that regiment, July 16, 18G5.
Keliey, Elijah S,, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., in arm
and leg, June 2, 186-1 ; again wounded at "Deep Bottom, Ya.,
Aug. 14, 1864; reenlisted as private in Co. A, 1st Battalion Me.
Infantry, March 29, 186:5 ; promoted to Corporal and Sergeant, and
mastered out with the battalion.
Knowles, William IL, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. A, ICth Me. Infantry, Aug. 7, 1863 ; transferred to Co. D;
taken prisoner at the Weldon B. R., Aug. 19, 1864 ; confiued in
Libhy Prison, Belle Isle, and Salisbury, N, C. Died at Salisbury,
2s". C. (Starved to death.)
Leigh-ton, Coffin S.5 wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya ., June
2, 1804.
MeWalter, John, wounded and taken prisoner at Fair Oaks,
Va., May 31, tb02 ; transferred to V. R. C, May 31, 1863.
Miehaitd, fiegis, died at Parish of St. Francis, Madawaska Co.,
Mew Brunswick.
Mitchell, Bui us P., died at Auburn, Me.
Munso!!, Joseph M., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31. 1862.
Nash, Ifcrrick E.. wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862.
Nichols, Hiram B.. wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16,1864.
Barker, John H., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26,
1864.
Barker, 'William, distinguished himself at the Battle of Fair
Oaks, Va.. May 31, 1862, by shooting the colorrbearer of a Con-
federate regiment and causing the Gag to trail in the dust.
Pratt, Wilder* wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 11, 1864
O/b THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Robinson, George II., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va.,
July 26, 1864.
Willey, Benjamin D., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 :
reenlisted, Jan. 4, 1864; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14.
1864.
Vi'lley, Loriug YV\, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. A, 19th Me. Infantry, Sept. 17, 1863. Killed in action at Po
River, Va., May 10, 1864. Attached to 1st Rhode Island Light
Artillery from Oct. 17, 1863, to date of death.
Company D.
Captain Leonard S. Harvey entered service as Captain ; resigned
soon after the regiment entered active service.
Captain John D. Stanwood entered service as First Lieuten-
ant ; promoted to Captain, June 23, 1862.; commanded Co. D
from July, 1862, until December, 1862 ; resigned on account of
ill-health"
Captain Albert G. Mudgctt entered, service as Second Lieuten-
ant of Co. K : promoted to First Lieutenant of Co. G, Dec. 1,
1862; to Captain of Co. D, June 13, 1863; taken prisoner af
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 1864 A prisoner until the
close of the war.
Captain William Jl. Frye entered service as Corporal in Co. A ;
promoted to Sergeant, Oct. 3, 1862, and discharged for disability,
Dec. IS, j 802; reenlisted as private in Co. A, K ov. 17, 1863;
promoted to First Sergeant, March 4, 1364 ; wounded severely in
leg at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; commissioned Second
Lieutenant of Co. B, Aug. 16, 1864, but not mustered ; pro-
moted to First Lieutenant of Co. C, Dec. 13, 1864 ; to Captain of
Co. D, June 23, 1865. During the spring campaign of 1860,
Lieutenant Frye served on the staff of Major-General R. S.
Foster, commanding 1st Division, 24th Army Corps, and did gal-
lant and meritorious service in the pursuit of Lee's army from
Petersburg to Appomattox, for which he was promoted Brevet
Captain of U. S. Volunteers by the President. When the regi-
ment was ordered to the X. E. District of Va. he was assigned to
duty in the Sub-District of Essex, as Provost Marshal and Assist-
ant Superintendent of Freedmen, in the counties of Xorthumber-
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 377
land and Lancaster, where he served until ordered to be mus-
tered oat.
Lieutenant Leonard C. Butler entered service as Second Lieu-
tenant of Co. li : promoted- to First Lieutenant of Co. D, Nov.
I, 1862 ; commanded Co. 1) from Dec, 186;?, to April 14, 1863.
Lieutenant Nelson II. Xorris entered service as private in Co.
P ; wounded at Fair Oak.-, Va., May 31, 1862 ; promoted to Hos-
pital Steward, Nov-. 22, 1862 ; resigned his warrant ; transferred
to Co. 0, as private, May 1. 1804- ; promoted to Corporal ;
wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va.. July 20, 1804 ; promoted to
Second Lieutenant of Co, B, Aug. 13, 1804 ; wounded at Hatch-
er's Run, Va., April 2, 1865 ; promoted to First Lieutenant of
Co. I), April 16, 1805. During the summer of 1865, was mem-
ber of a General Court Martial at the camp of the 20th Xew
York State Militia, and when the regiment was ordered to the
Northeastern District of Ya. was Act. Assistant Adjutant-Gen-
eral of the Sub-District of Essex, and later Post Quartermaster. at
Tappahannock, Va., until ordered to be mustered out. After
leaving the service he studied medicine and graduated from
Dartmouth College in 1807, since which he practiced in Maine,
Wisconsin, and for sixteen years in Illinois. Died ut Downer's
Grove, 111.
Lieutenant Gibson S. Budge entered service as Second Lieu-
tenant ; resigned for disability before the regiment left Wash-
ington.
Lieutenant Francis M. Johnson entered service as Sergeant ;
promoted to Second Lieutenant, March 18,1862 ; commanded Co.
D from June 23, ISC?, through the Seven Days' battles before
Richmond and until after the regiment arrived at Harrison's
Landing ; also from April 1-1. 1803, to Juno, 1803 ; taken prisoner
in Matthews County, Va., Nov. 24, 1862.
First Sergeant Abner F. Bassett entered service as Sergeant :
taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1802 ; a prisoner with
First Sergeant Brady and others in Libbv Prison, Salisbury, X.
C and at Belle Isle in the James River opposite Richmond until
Nov., 1802, when here-turned to the regimeni : promoted to First
Sergeant, Nov. 1. 1802. On recruiting service ai Portland, Mr.,
from Aug. 15, 1803, to July 10. 1864 ; returned to the regiment.
Killed on the picket line in front of Petersburg, Va., Sept. 15,
378
THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
1SG4, and was buried on the 16th near our camp, "amid the
booming of cannon and whistling of bullets'* — so reads the entry
in the diary of Sergeant-Major Morton.
First Sergeant George Day entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 186-1- ; to Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1865; to
First Sergeant, May 7, 18.65. Died at Kcnncbuukport, Me.
First Sergeant Timothy MeOraw entered service as private ;
reenlisted Jan. 27, 1864 ; wounded at Dee]) Fun, Va., Aug. 1G,
1864; : promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864 ; to Sergeant, Feb. 1,
1865 ; to First Sergeant, June 12, 1865.
Sergeant Ephraim Francis entered service as Corporal ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, March 28, 1862. During the greater part of
his term of service he was a victim of ill-health, but his faithful
care of the sick and careful attention to the wants of the camp,
while the company was on active duty at the front, endeared him
to all his comrades.
Sergeant Gardiner E. Blake entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, Sept. 10, 1862. While at Fernandina, Fla.,
Sergeant of the Provost Guard. Taken prisoner at Bermuda
Hundred, Va., June 2, 1804. Some incidents in his experience
in rebel prisons are given in the historical sketch of the regiment.
Died at West Sullivan, Me,
Sergeant Alphonzo C, Gowell entered service as private ; reen-
listed Jan. 4, 1864; promoted to Corporal, Sep;. 10, 1801; to
Sergeant, J;m. 1, I860 : taken prisoner at Hatcher's Fain, "Va.,
April 1, 1805.
Sergeant Lyman Bragdon entered service as private j wounded
at Morris Island, S. C, Dec. 8, 1863, by the explosion of a rebel
shell which broke through, the bomb-proof 'at the entrance to the
magazine of Battery Chatfield ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1,
1805 ; to Sergeant, April 18, 1805.
Sergeant Jeremiah Stratton entered service as private. When the
regiment left Gloucester Point, Ya., for the spring campaign of
1864, detailed to guard and store" baggage, and while on the pas-
sage from Gloucester Point to Norfolk, near Fortress Monroe,
May G, 1864. the transport collided with another steamer and sank.
Falling machinery attached to the smokestack fell across his back
and right nip ; he was conveyed to hospital at Fortress Monroe,
tt-here he remained until Sept. 1, 1304, when he rejoined the regi-
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
379
meat in front of Petersburg ; promoted to Corporal, Fob. 5,
1865; wounded at Hatcher's Hun, Ya., April 2, 1865; promoted
to Sergeant^ April 18, 1865.
Sergeant Stephen Mudgett entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May I, 1805 ; to Sergeant, June 1, 1865.
Sergeant Samuel E. Gushing entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, June 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, June 12, 1805.
Sergeant "Daniel \Y. Woodbury entered service as private ;
wounded at Darbytown Road, Ya., Oct. 13, 1864; promoted to
Corporal, April 18, 1865 ; to Sergeant, Jxwc 1%, I860.
Sergeant Joel Tucker entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, June 12, 18G5 ; to Sergeant, July 1, 1S65.
Sergeant John Deacon entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, July 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant. Oct. 33, 1865.
Sergeant Prank E. Young entered service as private : promoted
to Corporal, Oct, 13, 1865; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1866. Drowned
at Qarson City, Col.
Corporal Richard W. Dawe entered service as Corporal; dis-
charged for disability at Washing-ton, D. C, May 16, l$0-> ; reen-
listed as private in same company, Dec. 6, 1883; wounded at
Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2, 1864.
Corporal Hughey G. Hideout, after leaving the Eleventh, reen-
listed in Co. A, 2d" Me. Cavalry, as private, l\To v. 30, 1863: died
of disease, Aug. 11, 1864, while in service.
Corporal Freeman R. Dakin, taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Ya.,
May 31, ls<:>2 ; a prisoner until Nov., 1862. After leaving the
Eleventh he reenlisted in Co. F, 0th Me. Infantry, as private;
wounded in the left arm at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., and in the
right elbow at Cold Harbor, Ya.
Corporal John Gihn entered service as private, and promoted
to Corporal, May 16, 1S62.
Corporal Leonard M. Witham entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, .May 16, 1862.
Corporal William B. Davis entered service as private : promoted
to Corporal, May 16, 1862 ; discharged for disability at New York,
Sept, 23, IS32; reenlisted in 1st D. C. Cavaln ; promoted to Ser-
geant ; taken prisoner, Sept. 1, 1864 ; transferred to Co. J, Its Me.
380 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT,
:
Cavalry, and mustered out July 31, 1805. Died at the Insane
Asylum.
Corporal James E. Bailey entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Sept, 15, 1862; reen listed Jan. 4, 1804; wounded at
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, 180-1. Left arm amputated.
Corporal Patrick Doherty entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Sept. 15, ISO:?. After leaving the Eleventh he
reenlisted as private in Co. H, 30th Me. Infantry, Jan. 6, 1864;
taken prisoner at Pleasant Hill, La., April 0, 1S64 ; exchanged,
and died in service at Bolivar Heights, Va.? Sept. 16, 1864.
Corpora] John Dyer entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, Oct. 3, 1862. Accidentally killed in a shingle mill at
Springfield, Me.
Corporal Horace Whittier entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Oct. 31, 1802 ; served on the Color Guard ; wounded
at Kewnaarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 1864. Mustered out at Point
of Hocks, Va.
' . " 1
Corporal Shepard Whittier entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Oct. 31, 1802 ; served on the C.olor Guard
until Oct, 10, 1864, when he was detached for recruiting service
at Portland, Me., where he was mustered out.
Corporal Step-hen E. Bearce entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Oct. 31, 1862 : wounded at Morris Island, S.
C, Dec. 8, 1803: again wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va.,
June 17, 1864.
Corporal William P. Weymouth entered service as private ;
promoted to Corporal, May 30, 1804 ; twice wounded at Deep
Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864.
Corporal James B. Williams entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1804. Drowned by the sinking of a
boat at South West Harbor, Me.
Corporal Alplmnzo O. Dounel! entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corpora.!, Feb. 1, 1805.
Corporal Edward Kennedy, real name Charles Hines, entered
service as private; promoted to Corporal, June 12, JS05. Died
from injuries received from falling through a hatchway in How-
ard Street, New York City.
Corporal Samuel Ross entered service as private; promoted to
Corporal, July 1, 1865.
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
3S1
Corporal Jot ham S. Annis entered .service as private ; reen-
listed Jan. 4, 1804 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., Maj 14,
1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Oct. 13, 1865.
Corporal Andrew J. Muclgett entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Oct. 13, 1865*
Corporal James E. Dow, real name C. L. Farnsworth, entered
service as private ; promoted to Corporal, Oct. 13, 18C5.
Musician Robert A. Strickland taken prisoner at Fair Oaks,
Va., May 31, 1802 ; a prisoner until November, 1862.
Wagoner Henry W. Eider, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted
in Co. B, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Dec. 9, 1863 ; wounded at
Spottsyivania, Ya., May 19, 1864.
Arnold, Frederick, participated in all the battles of the regi-
ment in the campaign of i860. Clerk for Colonel Sellmer,
A. A. I. G., Dept. of Virginia, in the summer of 1865, and later
Clerk for Captain Frye at Heathsville, Va.
Bartlett, William, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
E, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Nov. 28, 1863 ; wounded at Spottsyi-
vania, Ya., May 19, 1801.
Bickmore, Albion P., wounded and taken prisoner at Hatcher's
Kim, Va., April 1, 1805.
Blaine, Thomas R., died at Fredericton, N. B.
Bolton, Sumner M., wounded in right eye and taken prisoner
at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2, 1861: exchanged Aug. .13,
1864;
Bragdon, Samuel A., Avounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya..
June 2, 1864; mortally wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14,
1864.
Brien, Patrick, taken prisoner at Hatcher's Bun, Ya., April 1,
1SG5.
Brown, John, died at Thoinaston, Me.
Bryant, Martin V., taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred, Ya.,
dune 2, 1804; a prisoner until December, 1864.
Bubier, Frank, wounded at Dee]) Bun, Ya., Aug. 10, 1864.
Burke, Charles EL, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. !>, 8th Me. Infantry, Aug. 20, 1802; wounded at Petersburg,
Ya., July 4, 1804 ; and mustered out, June 12, 1805.
382
THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
Burns, John, wounded at Appomattox, Ya., April 9, 1865.
Butler, Alfred C, thrice wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug.
14, 1864 ; right leg amputated, one arm totally disabled and the
other badly wounded.
Butler, George L., mortally wounded at Bermuda Hundred,
Va., May 17, 1864
Butteriield, George M., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlis ted
Aug. 29, 1864, as private in Co. K., 21st Me. Infantry; promoted
to Corporal and Sergeant, and mustered out with that regiment.
Carver, Alonzo, woundedat Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17, 1864.
Collins, Josiah, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. I,
16th Me. Infantry ; transferred to Co. I, 20th Me. Infantry, and
mustered out July 16, 18G5.
Conforth, Melvin, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya,, June
2, 18G4. Died at Minneapolis, Minn.
Crabtree, Isaac N., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
M, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Jan. 5, 1SG4. Discharged for dis-
ability, Aug. 17, 1864.
Cross, Simon, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. II,
1st Me. Cavalry, Dec. 31, 18G3, and died in service at Bealton
Station, Ya,, Feb. 5, 1864.
Curtis, John F., wounded at Appomattox, Ya., April 9, 1SG5.
Davis, Thomas A., detached on Western gunboat service, Feb.
17, 1862, and served in the Mississippi squadron ; discharged in
1863 ; reenlisted as Corporal in Co. L, 2d Me. Cavalry, Dec. 12,
18G3. Killed in action at Marianna, Fla., Sept. 27, 1864.
Day, John W., reenlisted Jan. 4, 18G4 ; wounded at Deep Run,
Ya., Aug. 16, 1864.
Dunifer, Prince E., reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864.
Dyer, Alexander !>., before entering the Eleventh, served in
Co. C, 26th Me. Infantry, from Oct. 11, 1862, to Aug. 17, 1863.
Dyer, George E., died at Cooper Shop Hospital, Philadel-
phia, Pa.
Dyer, Hudson K., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June
2, 1864. '
Findel, William II., wounded and taken prisoner at Hatcher's
Run, Ya., April 1, 1865.
PEBSONA* SKETCHES.
383
Folsom, Jeremiah, died at IT. S. Hospital, Baltimore, Md.
Foss, Charles M., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. D,
IGth Me. Infantry, Oct. 9, 1864, under the name of William Mor-
roll ; taken prisoner ; transferred to Co. I, 20th lie. Infantry,
June 5, 1865. Mustered oat, July 16, 1865.
Geary, George, taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 1,
1SC5.
Gerry, George IL, reenlisted March 30, 1803, in Co. 0, 1st Me.
Heavy Artilley, under the name of George G. Henries ; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864, and mustered out with that
regiment, Sept. 11, 1865.
Gibbs, Elisha W., taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Ya., April
1, 1865. Died at Eureka, Cab
Gouging, Augustus H., wounded, at Deep .Bottom, Va., Aug.
14, 1864. Left arm amputated.
Gray, Daniel, missing at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862, Un-
doubtedly killed.
Mouse*, Matthew P., taken prisoner at Em Oaks, Vtl., May 31,
1S62 ; a prisoner until Nov., ISO 2 ; after leaving the Eleventh he
reenlisted in Co. I, 4th II, S. Veteran Volunteers, Hancock's
corps.
Hutchinson, Eleazer, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. Iv, 17th Me. Infantry, Aug. 28, 1803 ; wounded May 6, 1804 :
transferred to Co. K, 1st Me, Heavy Artillery, and discharged for
disability, June 10, 1805.
Kelley, Lawrence, taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred, Va.,
June 2, 1804; died in prison at Andersonville, Ga.
Laffiu, Pierce, wounded at Morris Island, S. C, Dec. 25, 1863,
by a rebel shell striking a musket and throwing it against bis left
leg, the bayonet entering the k-p: some six inches below the knee,
and, taking an upward course, shattering the knee.
Lane, Otis, Company Cook, while carrying rations to the men
employed in felling frees at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 24,
1804, struck by a failing tree which broke bos leg.
Leighton, Leonard S., reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864, and wounded at
Deep Run, Va., Aug. 10, 1864.
Longley, John, reenlisted Jan. 4, 180E Died at Orono, Me.
33-1 THE ST011Y OF OJS"E regiment.
Maddox, Greenlief, wounded at Morris Island, S. C, Dec. 8,
1863, by the explosion of a rebel shell which broke through the
bomb-proof at the entrance to the magazine of Battery Cbatfield.
Mathews, Robert, was wounded at Hatcher's ."Run, Va., April 2,
1S65.
Morrill, Charles F., wounded at Hatcher's Bun, Va., April 2,
1805 ; after leaving service he settled in Pittsfield, and was killed
by being caught in a balance wheel while sawing wood with a
horse-power at Detroit, Me.
Philbrook, David C, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted,
Aug. 13, 1803, in Co. A,. 3d Me, Infantry; wounded and taken
prisoner at Spotsylvania, Va.,, May 5, 1861 ; transferred to Co. F»
17th M:e. Infantry, Juno 1, 1864, and transferred to 1st Me.
Heavy Artillery, June 1, 1805. His death in prison at Anderson-
Ville, Gra., August, 1804, is asserted by a fellow-prisoner, Mr.
Oscar Thomas, of Lee, Me.
Seavey, George, wounded and taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run,
Ya., April 1, 1865.
Shepard, Harvey C, reenlistecl Jan. 4, 1864.
Sherman, Moses E., taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31,
1802 : exchanged in November, 1862 ; rcenlisted, Jan. 4, 1804 ;
wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2, 1804; killed in
action at Appomattox, Ya., April 9, 1805.
Sherman, William, taken prisoner at Fair Daks, Ya., May 31,
1862 ; •exchanged in Xovember, 1S62 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864;
mortally wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14, 1804.
Simmonds, James, died at Calais, Me*
Smith, Zelhnan B., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June
2, 1805.
Spaulding, Samuel It., died at Lakeville, Me.
Stanley, John X,, reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864.
Staples, Wentworth, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. E, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery ; wounded at Spottsylvania, Va.,
May JO. 1804.
Starbird, Charles D., severely wounded at Deep Bottom, Va.,
Aug. 4, 1804,
Stevens, Joint T., taken prisoner at Hatcher's Bun, Va., April
1, 1865.
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
385
Stratton, &delbert, mortally wounded at Deep Bottom, Y&..,
Aug. 14, 186'4.
Teh an, Dermis, wounded at Hatchers Run, Va.,. March 31,
1S64.
Watsom George W., wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., April 2,
1S65.
White, George 0., wounded at Deep Hub, Ya., Aug. 16, 1864.
Woodman, Hiram A., transferred to veteran Reserve Corps,
Sept. 1, 1863 ; retransferred to Co, D, early in 1864, and served
until expiration of bis term of service. Commended in orders
for volunteering for perilous service in front of the skirmish fine,
Oct. '7, 1864, after the term of his enlistment had expired.
C0ttPx\>7T. B.
Captain Samuel B. Straw, after leaving the Eleventh, entered
service as Assistant Surgeon of the 6th Me. Infantry, Aug. 15,
1863, and was mustered out with that regiment, Aug. 15, 1864.
Later he offered his services to Dr. Me'Dougal of the Regular
Army at New York, by whom he was appointed Surgeon and
assigned to duty at hospital for wounded soldiers at Lansingburg,
N. Y., from which he was transferred to a hospital for Confeder-
ate prisoners at Elmira, j>7. Y., where he remained until the
close of the war. Died at Yewburgh, 1ST. Y.
Captain Franeb: W. Wiswell entered service as First Lieuten-
ant ; promoted to Captain, March 24, 180:2 ; on recruiting ser-
vice in Maine from Aug. 15, 1863, to July 11, 1864; wounded at
Strawberry Plains, Ya., July 26, 1864.
Captain George W. Small entered service as Corporal in Co. K ;
promoted to First Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 16,
1S64 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. G-, May 11, 1804,
and to Captain of Co. E, Dec. 17, 1865. When the regiment
was ordered to the Northeastern District of Virginia, he was
assigned to duty in the Sub-District of Fauquier. Died at
Cherryfield, Ye.
Lieutenant George Williams entered service as Second Lieuten-
ant ; promoted to First Lieutenant, Sept. 16, 1862.
Lieutenant Stephen B. Foster entered service as Sergeant ; pro-
moted to First Sergeant, March 24, 1862 ; to Second Lieutenant,
c> Q r
£>O0
TILE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
Sept. 10, 1802, oud to First Lieutenant, June 15, 1861. He
acted Adjutant of the regiment from July 24, 1864, to September,
1S64, and was often in command of his own and other companies.
Died at Boston, Mass.
Lieutenant Joseph S. Bowler entered service as First Sergeant
of Co. E, 22d Me. Infantry ; promoted to Second Lieutenant.
May 3, 1S03 ; mustered out with that regiment, Aug. 14. 1863.
Keenlisteci as private in Co. K of the Eleventh, March 11, 1861 ;
promoted to First Lieutenant of Co. E, Dec. 31, 1864. Acted as
Regimental Quartermaster in the spring campaign of 1SC5, and
when the regiment was ordered to the Northeastern District of
Virginia he was assigned to duty in the Freedmen's Bureau at
Warren ton, Va.
Lieutenant Lawson Gr. Ireland entered service as First Ser-
geant ; promoted to Second Lieutenant, March. 24, 1S62 ; resigned
while the regiment was at Harrison's Landing, Va.
Lieutenant Charles 0. Lamson entered service as private in Co.
C, 1st Me, Infantry, May 3, 1861, and was mustered out with
that regiment, Aug. 5, 1801. Reenlisted as private in. Co. 1 of
the Eleventh, Aug. 15,1862"; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 10,
1802 ; to First Sergeant, Dec. 1. 1802 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff,
Va., May 14, 1864 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. E,
June 20, 1804, and detailed as Act, Commissary of Subsistence
for the staff at headquarters of the 24th Army Corps, June 24,
1804, and was on that duty in the campaigns of 1804-05. Com-
missioned First Lieutenant but not mustered.
First Sergeant Adoniram J. Fisher entered service as private;
promoted to Corporal, Feb, 20, 1802 ; to Sergeant, Feb. 20, 1803,
and to First Sergeant, May 1, 1863.
First Sergeant Charles F. Wheeler entered service as Corporal;
promoted to Sergeant, March 24, 1802; reenlisted Jan. 8, 1804 ;
promoted to First Sergeant, Dee. 1, 1804.
First Sergeant George VV. Chick eufered service as private ;
promoted to Corporal, April 20, 1802 ; to Sergeant, Feb. 20,
1803 ; reenlisted Jan. 14, 1804 ; promoted to First Sergeant, May
1, 1805.
Sergeant Daniel S. Cole was one of the original sergeants and
served his entire term. Died at Saratoga Springs, X. Y.
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
387
Sergeant John X. Weymouth entered service as Sergeant, and
reenlisted Jan. 28, 1864.
Sergeant Daniel T. Mayo, after leaving the Eles^enth, reenlisted
in Co. M, 1st I). 0. Cavalry. Jan. 5, 1864 ; promoted to Sergeant
and transferred to Co. H, 1st Me. Cavalry, from which he was
mustered out. Died, at Brewer, Me.
Sergeant Simon Batchel<$er, Jr., entered service as private ;
promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 186? ; rcenlisted Jan. 28, 1S6-1- ;
promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 31, 1864 ; wounded at Diary's Bluff,
Va., May 14, 1S64. Died at Chippewa Falls, Wis.
Sergeant Solomon S. Cole entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1862; reerdisted March 14, 1864; promoted
to Sergeant, Dec. 31, 1864.
Sergeant Henry B. Stanhope entered service as private : rcen-
listed Jan. 28, 1864 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14,
1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 186-1, and to Sergeant, June
1, 1865.
Sergeant John L. Lippincott entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864, and to Sergeant, April 30, 186.3.
"Wounded at Appomr it. ox, Va. . April 0, 1865.
Corporal Elias H. Frost entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 10, 1862 ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31,
1862. and reGnlisied Jan. 28, .1861. On Color Guard for nearly
three years. Died at Augusta, Me.
Corporal Samuel Libby entered service as private, and promoted
to Corporal, Oct. 1, 1862. Died at Corinna, Me.
Corporal Ira Weymouth entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal,, Feb. 20, 1863, Died at Corinna, Me.
Corporal Franklin C. Rowe entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corpora}, Feb. 20, 1863.
Corporal Andrew Pi. Patten entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Feb. 20, 1863.
Corporal Laeassard Lassell entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 1. 1864 ; wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va.,
July 26, 1861.
Corporal Kcnney C. Lowell entered service as private; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1864 ; wounded at Strawberry Plains,
Va., July 20, 1864,
T
386
THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
Corporal John D. Walton entered, service as private ; reealisted
April 12, 1864 Died at Grono, Me.
Corporal Surbyna Packard entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1S64. Died at Corinth. Me.
Corporal Charles Sullivan entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864 ; taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va.,
April 9, 1805.
Corporal George D. French entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864
Corporal Charles Bovvker entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864.
Corporal George H. Downs entered service as private ; wounded
at Drary's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864; promoted to Corporal,
May 1, 1865.
Corporal Thomas Stanwood entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corpora], May 1, 1865.
* Corporal Dennis Lelaan entered serviee as private; promoted
to Corporal, May 1, 1865. He sailed from Calais, Me., in the
brig John Barnard, in August or September, 1893 ; nothing
heard of the vessel or crew.
Corporal Frank EL Brown entered service as private ; wounded
at Deep Eon, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, July 1,
1805, and served on the police of the city^oi Richmond, Ya.
Corporal Isaac N. Gitdden entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, July 1, 1865.
Wagoner John B. Reed reenlisted Jan. 28, 1864.
Wagoner Samue! Babb entered service as private ; reenlisted
Jan. 28, 1864; wounded at Deep Run, Ya,, Aug. 16, 1864;
appointed "Wagoner, Feb. 1, 1865.
An no, Francis, detailed as Drummer, and served in that ca-
pacity.
Avery, Koscoe Gv5 died at Jefferson, Mo.
Beals, George A., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26,
1864. and served on the police of Richmond, Ya., in the summer
of 1865. Died at Chelsea, Mafcs.
Deal;, Charles II., wounded fit Strawberry Plains, Ya.. July 21.
186,!. Left leg amputated.
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
389
Bragdon, Eugene, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 18C4.
Brookings, Frederick, died at Bradford, |VIe.
Brown, Albert B., served on the police of the city of Rich-
mond, Va., in 1805.
Brown, Albert J., died at Lowell, Me.
Brown, Stephen W., taken prisoner at Deep Run, Va., Aug.
16, 1864.
Bnrse, Horace Ii., wounded at Morris Island, S. C, Xov. 11,
1SG3, by a, piece of shell from Fort Moultrie ; mortally wounded
at Strawberry Flams, Va., July 2G, 1864.
Burse, Moses M., wounded at <l Swamp Angel/' .Morris Island,
S. 0., Aug. 23, 1863, by the bursting of the 200-pound Parrott
gun, which was the armament of that battery.
Campbell, John C, after leaving the Eleventh, reeuiisted for the
1.2ih Me. Infantry, March 10, 1865, but was mustered out at
Galloupe's Island, Boston Harbor, Mass., May 10, 1S65, before
reaching his regiment.
Chick, Elbridge, after leaving the Eleventh, reeuiisted as Cor-
poral in Co. F, 30th Me. Infantry, Nov. 5, 1863, and was
mustered out Jan. 25, I860.
Clark, Warren E., was detailed as Filer, and served in that
capacity. Died at Bangor, Me.
Clark, William, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., May 17,
1864.
Cunningham, David E., after leaving the Eleventh, reeuiisted
in Co. C, I9th Me. Infantry, Sept. 2, 1SG3 ; wounded May J -J.
1864; transferred to Co. C," 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, May 31,
1805. Died at Bradford, Me.
Cunningham, Lorenzo D.. died at Bradford, Me.
Davis, Wales E., detached for Western gunboat service, Feb.
17, 186&
Dodge, Everett, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
IT, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery ; transferred to Co. Q, same regiment ;
wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864 ; discharged for disa-
bility, May 4, 1865i Died at Orland, Me.
Downs, "William E., wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14,
1864.
390 THE STORY OF ONE KEGIMENT.
Felker, Josiah, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864.
Fitzherbert, Amos, wounded at Appomattox, Ya., April 9,
1S65 ; leg amputated. Died at Fort Fairfield, Me.
Fogg, George M., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
F, 30th Me. Infantry, Dec. 4, 1863; discharged for disability,
April 20, 1S65.
Giggey, George, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Ya., April 9,
1865.
Goodale, William Ft., reenlisted March 14, 1864.
Ham, Charles II., wounded by bursting of the " Swamp Angel/'
Aug. 23, 1863 ; reenlisted Jan. 20, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Run,
Va.j Aug. 16, 1864.
Hill, Benjamin F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co, G, 30th Me. Infantry, Nov. 2, 1863.
Holders, Austin K., died at Madison, Me.
Hurd, Charles A., died at West Corinth, Me.
- Hurd, William II., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., May
IT, 1S64. Died at Otsego, Minn.
Inman, George, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. B,
1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Jan. 23, 1863 ; wounded at Petersburg,
Ya., June 18, 3 864, and discharged for disability, Feb. 8, 1865.
Kimball, Bradley L., received the "Gillmore Medal" for gal-
lant and meritorious services at "Swamp Angel, " Morris Island,
S. C, the night of Aug. 23, 1863.
Kincaid, William H., wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14,
1864 ; arm amputated.
Lampson, Charles W., was transferred to Co. II, 10th Veteran
Reserve Corps, Nov. IS, 1863.
Leach, Parker W., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July
2G, 1864.
Leathers, Tattle D., entered sendee in Co. I, of the Eleventh ;
discharged for disability at Washington, D. C, Feb. 24, 1862 ;
reenlisted in Co. E; wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14,
1864. Died at Bancroft, Me.
Lowell, David Iv,, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., May
IT, 1864. Left arm amputated. Died at Lee, Me.
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
391
M'anselh Charles A., wounded at Drnry's Bkrf, Ya., May 14,
1864.
Martin, Archibald P., detached in 8th Now York Battery, July
17, 1863 ; reenlisted in 8th Xew York Battery, Pee. 11, 1803, at
York town, Va.
Mason, Charles E., wounded at Drurv's Bluf, Va., May 14,
1864.
Morrill, George, died at Fort Fairfield, Me,
Mullikeii, Morey, wounded at Drnry's Bluff, Ya., May 14, 1864.
Nealon, Bartholomew, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va.,
April 9, 1805.
Nickerson, John P., died at Soldiers' Home, Boston, Mass.
Howell, Robert II. , wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July
26, 1804.
Xye, Thomas, Jr., reenlisted in Co. A, of the Eleventh, Sept.
30. 1864. Wounded at Hatcher's Pun, Ya., March 31, 1805.
Oakes, Eli. died at Peddington, Me.
Penney, Albion, died at Hradson, Me.
Pi-ay, Isaac, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. 0, 1st
Me. Cavalry, March 9, 1804 ; mustered out June 5, I860.
Peed, John C, wounded at Deep Pun, Ya., Aug. 16, 18G4.
Poinbokl, Charles, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Ya. , April
9, 1805.
Pich, Cfiaries IP, died at Hannibal, Mo.
Rollins, William L , wounded at Kewmarket Road, Ya., Oct.
7, 1864.
Savage, Edwin, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. I,
19th Me. Infantry, Aug. 13, 1803 ; taken prisoner at Petersburg,
Ya., June 22, 1864; transferred to Co. I, 1st Me. Heavy Artil-
lery, May 31, 1805, and mustered out June 12, 1805.
Simmons, Charles, wounded ai Hatcher's Run, Va., April 1,
1S65. Died at Boston, Mass.
Smith, Henry, wounded at Beap Run, Ya., Aug. 10, 1864.
Smith, Major P., died at Lewiston, Ma
Spaukling, Franklin, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. C, IstMe. Cavalry/Dec. 7, 1SC3, and vvasmnstered on; Dec.
0, 1805.
S92
THE STOEY OF 02s E REGIMENT.
Spanieling, JoiTathitM C, af Iser leaving the Eleventh, reeiilisted
in Co. A, 31st Me. Infantry ; discharged for disability, Jan, 2,
18G5.
Speed., Christopher C, was with the regiment until after the
Battle of .Williamsburg* Va., where he was taken sick ; transferred
to Co. G, 6th Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps; and participated
in the defense of Washington, D. C, against Early's raid.
Starr, Thomas, died at Togas, Me.
Trask, Charles, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 0,
1865.
Walker, John, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va.. April 9,
1865.
York, Samuel X,, wounded and taken prisoner at Deep Run,
Va., Aug. 10", 1881. Died in the hands of the enemy.
Company F.
Major Augustus Hummer Davis entered service as Captain of
Company F. When he recruited his company, it was with the
intention of serving in the 13th Me. Infantry, and he was in com-
mand of the cam]; of that regiment at Augusta. Me.; as Senior
Captain, when his transfer to the Eleventh, on the eve of its de-
parture for the seat of war, placed him in the position of Junior
Captain in the regiment. During the winter of 1861-62 be
served for a time as member of a General Court Martial. Before
the regiment entered active service lie was detached and served
as Provost Marshal of the division, until ill-health, contracted in
the service, compelled him to resign. He rendered conspicuous
and gallant services at Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and the Seven
Days' battles before Richmond, for which he received thanks and
commendatory notices from the generals with whom he served,
and was promoted by President Lincoln to the rank of Major, by
brevet, for gallant and meritorious services. Major .Davis was
born at Gardiner, Me., of Puritan stuck. His grandfather was an
officer in the War of 1812, and his great-grandfather an officer of
the Revolution. Before the war he served for a time in the U.
S. Navy, and was honorably discharged Pom the steam frigate
Smqiieliannah, March 10, 1855. After leaving the Eleventh he
was- appointed Provost Marshal of the Third District of Maine,
April 24, L863, with headquarters at Augusta, which position he
PEBSONAL SKETCHES. 393
filled until ihe close of the war, Aug. 15, 1 8 6 5 , Major Davis is
the founder of the association known as the Sons of Veterans
of the United States of America.
Captain Samuel G. Sewall entered service as Second Lieuten-
ant of Co. F; promoted to First Lieutenant, of Co. F, June 22,
1863, and to Captain of Co, F, March 26, 1SG3 ; detailed as
Regimental Quartermaster, May 31, 1862, and served in that
capacityuni.il the army arrived at Harrison's Landing, Va. He
was detailed as Brigade Commissary by General Emory. At
Yorkto wn, detailed by General Naglce as Brigade Quartermaster,
and was on the staff: of General Naglee until we arrived in North
Carolina. Tie accompanied the Eleventh to Fernandiua, Fla.,
where he served as Post Commissary. He was on recruiting ser-
vice in Maine from Aug. 14, 1863, to Oct. 24, 1863. In the
spring of 1804 he was detailed in the Quartermaster's Department,
at Headquarters, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, and
served at Gloucester Point and Portsmouth, Va. After leaving
the Eleventh, appointed Captain in the 4th U. S. Volunteers, a
regiment raised from rebel prisoners, and served in the Fur West
until mustered out at Leavenworth, Kan., June 19, 1SC6.
Captain Thomas Clark entered service as Sergeant in Co. 0 ;
promoted to First Sergeant, April 28, 1863 ; to Second Lieuten-
ant of Co. F, July 21, 1864 ; to First Lieutenant of Co. H, Dec.
1% 1804 ; and to Captain of Co. F, May 1, 1865 ; on recruiting
service in Maine from Aug. 14, 1803, to Oct. 24, 18G3. Keen-
listed, Jan. J, 18G4 ; in command of Co. F from Aug. 17, 1864,
to March 1, 1865; and also in command of Co. A from Nov. 1,
ISM, to Dee. 21, 1864. When the regiment started on the
spring campaign of 1805 lie was detailed to remain behind in
command of the convalescent camp, consisting of some two hun-
• dred men, and ordered to report to General Ripley, of General
Devens's division. On April 3d, when the city of Richmond
fell into Union hands, his command was among the first to enter
the city. He retained his command until the regiment arrived
from Appomattox C. H. , when lie rejoined it. When the regi-
ment was ordered to tlw. Northeastern District of Virginia he
commanded the Sub-District of Rappahannock until Dee. 4.
1805. when he was appointed Provost Marsha] and Asst. Superin-
tendent of Freed metf for Orange County, with headquarters at
Orange 0. II., until he was ordered to he mustered out.
394
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Captain John M, Ben], before entering the Eleventh, served as
First Sergeant of Co. A, 1st .Me. Infantry, from May 3, 1861, to
Aug. 5, 1861. He joined the Eleventh as First Lieutenant of Co.
F, and served until May 31, 186*3; Captain Beal was in command
of Co. A, State Guards, at Portland, which was called into service
upon the requisition of Hon. Jacob McLellan, Mayor of Port-
land, to assist in recapturing tlie IT. S. revenue cutter Caleb dish-
ing from the possession of the piratical crew of the rebel cruiser
l\icony. Captain Beal entered service for a fourth time as Gap-
tain of Co. E, 29th Me. Jnfautn-, Xov. 13, 1868, and served with
that regiment in the Pied Piver campaign and elsewhere until
Sept. 23, 18C1-, when he was discharged for disability.
Lieutenant Thomas A. Braun entered service as First Sergeant
of Co. F ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1802 ; promoted
to Second Lieutenant, June 21, 1SG2 ; to First Lieutenant, March
26, 1863. After leaving the Eleventh lie again entered service
as Second Lieutenant of Co, I, 2d Me. Cavalry, Dec. 22, 1863 ;
promoted to First Lieutenant, Aug. 27, 1864, and was mustered
out with that regiment, Dee. 0, 1805.
Lieutenant Archibald Clark entered service as Corporal ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, M&y 1, 1862 ; to First Sergeant, May 1,
1863, and to First Lieutenant, Sept. 1, 1803 ; wounded at Fair
Oaks, Va., May 31, 1S6-2 ; severely wounded at Bermuda Hun-
dred, Va., May IT, 1804. Leg amputated. He was in command,
of Co. F from April 21, 1801, to May 17, 1801. Returned to
duty from hospital, Dec. 7, 1801, and was in charge of the Am-
bulance Corps at headquarters, 24th Army Corps, during the
spring campaign of 1865. He was Register of Deeds for Kenne-
bec Co., Me., from Jan. 1, 1808, until hi., death.
Lieutenant Alfred G. Brann entered service as Sergeant ; pro-
moted to First Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1802 ; to Second Lieutenant,
March 20, 1803. After leaving the Eleventh hereenlisted as Ser-
geant in Co. I, 2d .Me. Cavalry, Dec. 22, 1803 ; piomoted to
Quartermaster Sergeant of his Co.. Sept
Lieutenant, March 20, 1S65. De was
1865.
Lieutenant Joseph O. Smith entered service as private ; joine I
Co. C. May, 1801; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 1. 1SG4 : to
First Sergeant, Dec. 1, 180 1, and to Second Lieutenant of V<\ \\
4, 1864, and to Second
mustered out Dec. 15,
y
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 395
May 2, 1805, When the regiment was ordered to the Kortheast-
ern District of Virginia lie was assigned to duty as Provost
Marshal and Assistant Superintendent of Freedmen for Stafford
County, with headquarters at Stafford C. IT., and was subse-
quently detailed as Acting Assistant Adjutant- General for the
Sub-District of Essex, at Ta.ppahannock, A7 a. He participated in
all the battles of the regiment in 1864 and 18.65* After the regi-
ment was mustered out in February, 1S66, he engaged in mercan-
tile pursuits in Aroostook County for fifteen years, serving two
winters, 1869 and 1870, in the Maine House of Representatives ;
also served two winters at the Clerk's desk in that bod}'. In 1873
he entered the State Department at Augusta, serving therein ten
years, the last four years, 1851 to 188-1 inclusive, as Secretary of
State. He held the office of State Insurance Commissioner three
terms, nine years, 1885 to 1893 inclusive. At the present time
(1896) he is engaged in the printing and publishing business at
Skowhegan, Me., and is editor of the Somerset Reporter.
First Sergeant Nathan P. Downing entered service as private ;
wounded at Deep Fun, Ya., Aug. 10, 1804 ; promoted to Ser-
geant, Dec, 1, 1864, and to First Sergeant, April 16, 1865.
First Sergeant Joseph H. Estcs entered service as private ; reen-
listed Jan. 4, 1864; promoted to Corporal in 180-1; to Sergeant,
Dec. 1, 1864, and to First Sergeant, June 13, 1805 ; detached in
Stli New York Battery in 1802, and was one of the detachment
that manned the *'*' Swamp Angel."" Commissioned Second Lieu-
tenant but not mustered.
Sergeant Daniel S, Smith entered service as Corporal ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1803.
Sergeant James W. Bailey entered service as private ; promoted
to Sergeant, .May 1, 1863.
Sergeant James W. Little entered service as private ; wounded
at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, ISO?- ; promoted to Corporal, Nov. 8,
1863, and to Sergeant, May 10, 1864. As Corporal he served on
the Color Guard.
Sergeant William E. Feeley entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 10, 1801, and to Sergeant, dan. !, 1*0*5.
Sergeant James B. Stetson entered service as i rivate ; promoted
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1801, and to Sergeant, May 1, ]S<:>r>.
398 THE STOUT OF ONE REGIMENT.
Sergeant John F. Arnold entered service as private ; wounded
at Darby (own Road, Va,, Oct. 13, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal,
Jan, 1, 1865, and to Sergeant, Juno 13, 1865.
Sergeant Warren II. Moores entered service as private ;
wounded at Peep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1804; promoted to Cor-
poral, Dec. 1, 1804, and to Sergeant, June 13, 1SG5. He was
murdered at Wallace, ISFew Mexico, July 27, 1889.
Sergeant Sylvanus Smith entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 10, 1864 • to Sergeant, June 15, 1865.
Corporal Calvin R. Sears entered service as Corporal. Died at
Boston, Mass.
Corporal John C. Meader, after leaving the Eleventh, served as
Sergeant in the 13th unassigned company, which was assigned
to the 14th Me. Infantry as Co. E, from Feb. 25, 1865, to Aug.
28, 18G5.
Corporal George S. Baker entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Nov. 8, 1362. Died at Boston, Mass.
Corporal Ambrose F. "Walsh entered service as private.; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 20, 1863, and wounded at Deep Run, Va.,
Aug. 16, 1864.
Corporal Lewis F. Wing entered service as private ; detailed in
the Brigade Band, Oct. 4, 1862, and served with the band until
its services were dispensed with. Promoted to Corporal, May 20,
1861.
Corporal George E. Stickney entered service as private ;
wounded at Fair Oaks, Va,, May 31, 1862 ; promoted to Cor-
poral* Sept. 15, 1861.
Corporal George 11. Balkam entered service as private; pro--
moled to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864.
Corporal William A. Jackson entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865.
Corporal Edwin L. Parker entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Jan. 15, 1865, and was detailed on the Color Guard,
in which service he sras killed in the last charge made on the
forts at Petersburg, Va.
Corporal Samuel G. Richardson entered service as private ;
wounded at Deep Pun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; promoted to Cor-
pora!, March 1, 1865,
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 397
Corporal Luther Quint first enlisted in Co. II, 1st Me. Cavalry,
Nov. 5, 1801 , and was discharged for disability, Jan. 25, 1862,
before the regiment left Augusta. He joined the Eleventh as
private ; promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1865.
Corporal Henry I). Clark entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, June 1, 1865.
Corporal James A. Feeley entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, June 1, 1865.
Corporal James 1>. Crosby entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, June 13, 1865 ; wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug.
16, 1864.
Corporal Charles B. Fowler first entered service in Co. F, 7th
Me. Infantry, Jan. 23, 1862, and was discharged July 10, 1S62.
Be entered the Eleventh as private ; promoted to Corporal, June
is, mm.
Corporal John Meservey entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Aug. 12, 1865.
Corporal Joseph C. Oilman entered service as private ;' promoted
to Corporal, Aug. 12, 1865.
Corporal Arthur Smith entered service as private; promoted to
Corporal, Jan. 1, 1806%
Wagoner Wendall F. Joy entered service as private ; appointed
Wagoner, Xov. 7, 186]. Died at Morrill's Corner, Me.
Barrett, John, transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corp:, Sept.
16, 1864. Died at Lewiston, Me.
Besse, Alexander H., after being discharged, died at Boston,
Mass., before reaching his home.
Biilington, Selden &., died at Weld, Me.
Bishop, Squire P., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as
private in Co. I, 2d Me. Cavalry ; promoted to Corporal and mus-
tered out with that regiment, Dec. 6, 1865. Died at Wayne, Me.
Blaisdell, Thomas C, taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31,
1862 ; exchanged. Dee. 17, J.S62 ; again taken prisoner before
Richmond, Va.., Oct. 6, 1864, while on d^iuLiird service in the
Ambulance Corps*, he having been sent outside the Union lines
to procure forage for horses.
Brookings, Fhenezer, wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16,
1864
898 THE SE0RY OF ONE KEGIMEXT.
Brown, John, died at T ho in ag ton,. Me.
Burgess., Andrew 'J., wounded at Deep Bun, Va., Aug. 15, 1864.
Chick, Frederick A., died at Eimington, Me.
Choate, Horace 0., first enlisted in tlie 3d Me. Infantry, June
4, 1861 ; discharged Sept. IS, 1861, while in the Eleventh ;
wounded, at Deep Bun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. Died at Hallowell,
Me. I
Connor, William, killed by the falling of a brick wall at Gar-
diner, Me.
Cook, Moses, first enlisted in Co. F, 2d Me. Infantry, April 25,
1861 ; discharged for disability, Aug. 9, 1861 ; reenlisted in Co.
I), 14th Me. Infantry, Dec. 11, 1861, and was again discharged
for disability, June 2, 1862. While a member of the Eleventh,
accidentally wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 2, 1864,
Coots, Thomas, died at Chelsea, Mass.
Dexter, Henry A., detailed in the Brigade Band, Oct 4, 1S62,
and served with the band until its services were dispensed with.
Dill, Herman J., attached to the Veteran Eeserve Corps, Xov.
?$, 1863 ; discharged at Washington, D. C, by reason of reenlist-
meni in V. E. C, from which he was discharged Xov. 14, 1865.
Doughty, William II., reenlisted, Dec 25, 1863, and wounded
at Daibytown Bead, Va., Oct. 13, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal
early in 1 SG5.
Drake, Albion A., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
II, 29th .Me. Infantry, Dec, 16, 1863,
Eastman, George W., wounded at Peep Bun, Va., Aug. 16,
1864.
Eldridge, Bowman, wounded at Hatcher's Bun, Va., March
31, I860.
Ellis, Frederick A., after being discharged, died at Philadelphia,
Pa., before reaching home.
Emery, Joseph, 2d, died, at Bradford, Me.
Ford, Timothy W., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
A, 16th Me. Infantry ; taken prisoner on the Weklon B. B.,
Aug. 18, 1864.
George, Otis B., wounded at Appomattox, Va,, April 0, 1865.
3'EKSOXAL SKETCHES. 899
GraiTam, David T., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted April
1, 1865, in Hancock's Veteran Corp-, and was discharged March
31,, 1866.
Griffin, Benjamin F., first enlisted in Co. C, 2d Me. Infantry;
was in the First Battle of Bill] Run, Va., aud was discharged
Nov. 25, 1801. While in the Eleventh, wounded at Deep Bottom,
Va., Aug. 15, 1864.
Harmon, Ira C, died at North Newport, X. H.
Harriman, Rodney C, discharged for disability, Aug. 1, 1862 ;
reenlisted in same company, Nov. 17, 1862 ; wounded at Deep
Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864.
Hayden, Franklin X., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31,
1862,'
Hearn, John X. , after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
B, 6th U. S. Cavalry for five years, and was discharged at expira-
tion of term at Fort Hays, Kan.
Howard, Eiias, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. I,
16th Me. Infantry, Aug. 11, 1862; transferred to V. R. C, April
23, 1861.
Kutchins, Albert E., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. I, 1th Me. Infantry, Aug. 21, 1SG3 ; transferred to Co. E,
19th Me. Infantry, June 17, 1801 ; killed in action at Petersburg,
Va., Oct. 7, 1864.
Hutchins, El win M., was a member of what was called "The
Happy Family''' in Co. F, was with the regiment his entire term
of service, and not once excused from duty. He practiced total
abstinence from liquor, but admits having been engaged in some
high foraging, even to taking the blanket of a Brigadier-General
to keep himself warm on a cold night.
Jones, David D., died at Walfcbam, Mass.
Kenniston, George W, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31,
1802.
Kimball, Henry G., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1861.
Tabby, Ellison, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862.
Male, George \\\, detached on Western gunboat service, Feb.
17, 1862. Died at Norfolk, Va.
Maxim, Silas TL. suustruck at Deep Run, Va., Aim. 16, 1864.
MuCkne, undrew, reenlisted, Jan 2S, 1861.
400 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Meseitfe, John P., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862.
Morrill, John E., wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1802.
Newell, Edward G., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
16th Unattached Massachusetts Volunteers, July 21, 1861; pro-
moted to Corpora], and discharged Nov. 14, 1864. Died at
Ashby, Mass.
Noves, William 11., wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9,
1805."
Pettingillj Sewall, served as Musician during his entire term.
Philbrick, David, was wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 81,
1862.
Pierce, William S., wounded at Hatcher's Pun, Va., March.
31, 1865. Died at East Kraintree, Mass.
Plaise, Harrison 0., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. C, 29th Me. Infantry, Dec. 17, 1863 ; transferred to Co. F,
same regiment, and died of disease at New Orleans, La., April
12,1861.
Plummer, Daniel, died at Pittstoh, Me.
Potter, John, alter leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. A,
17th Me. Infantry, July 15, 1S63 ; wounded at Wilderness, Va.,
May 5, 1864 • transferred to 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, June 4,
1865.
Quirk, John, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. I,
30th Me. Infantry, Sept. 8, 1863, and served until Aug. 20, 1865.
Rutherford, James, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps,
March 14, 18G-L
-
Sands, Aaron, left Willi the sick at Savage Station, Va., when
that point was abandoned, in the retreat of the Army of the
Potomac to Harrison's Landing, June 29, 1862, and died a prisoner
in the hands of the enemy.
Seotney, Francis, wounded at Fair Oaks, Va,, May 31, 1862.
Smiley, Albert P., before entering the Eleventh, served as
Sergeant in Co. A, 20ih Me. Infantry, from Aug. 5, 1862, to Jan.
10, 1863. While in the Eleventh, in the spring campaign of 1865
he served as Sharpshooter in the detachment commanded by Lieu-
tenant Payne, and was with him when lie entered Fort Gregg,
April 2, IS.65.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 401
Srrtitb, John, died at Lowiston, Me.
Smith, William A., transferred to Veteran Ileserve Corps, Jan.
5, 1864.
Stacy, Samuel H., wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14, 1864.
Swett, George W., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as
Sergeant in Co. K, 30tk Me. Infantry, Jan. 9, 1804 ; wounded at
Cane River, La., April 23, 1864. (Leg amputated.) When the
news of the assassination of President Lincoln reached South
Windham, Me., a citizen of that place remarl;ed, in the pres-
ence of Swett, that lie was glad of it. Although with but one
leg, Swett broke his cane over his head. He received a gold-
headed cane from the patriotic citizens of that village.
Toothaker, Ira I)., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July
23, 1804.
Troupe, Joseph L. , an assumed name of Joseph L. Frazier.
Yosmus, Grin D., died at St. Joseph, Mo.
William, John I!., died at Abbot Village, Me.
Wood, Daniel, reenlisted March 14, 1.864, and deserted from
furlough.
Woodbury, Horace L., alter leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted
for the 15th. Me. Infantry, April 13, 1805, but was mustered out
at Galioupe's Island. Mass., May 10, '1S(jd, without joining his
regiment. Died at Waldo, Me.
"VYyer, Eleazer, taken primmer at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, 1862.
Yates, Osgood J., wounded at Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 16, 1864.
Company G. I
|
Captain Francis W. Sabine entered service as Second Lieuten-
ant of Co. E ; promoted to First Lieutenant, March 24-., lSG.vk and
to Captain of Co. G, October 2, 1862. On recruiting service in
Maine in the fall of 1862. While at Fernandina, Fla., was Pro-
vost Marshal of that post. He was a graduate of Lowdoin Col-
lege, a lawyer by profession, and served as Judge Advocate of
Courts Mariialmau} times during his service. Mortally wonnded
at Deej) Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14, 1864.
Captain Lends II. Holt first entered service as private in the 8th
Massachusetts Infantry, April o0\ 1861 ; mustered out. ^\ng. 1,
1861. lb.' entered the Eleventh as Sergeant in Co. xV ; promoted
20
402 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
to Second Lieutenant, May 11, 1862 ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va.,
May 31, 1862 ; promoted to First Lieutenant, June 23, 1863.
While at Fernandina, Fla., lie commanded an outpost on the rail-
road, and war? on artillery service at Morris Island, S. 0. He
commanded Co. F in the campaign of 1864 until wounded at
Deep Bun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 In the winter of 1864-65 he was
on detached service at Xorfolk, Va,; promoted to Captain of Co.
G, April 25, 1865. Died at Richmond, Va, '
Lieutenant Charles E. Illsley, hefore entering the Eleventh,
served as private in Co. A, 1st Me. Infantry, from May 3, 1861,
to Aug. 5, 1861. Died at Manama, near Jacksonville, Fla.
Lieutenant William H. II. Rice entered service as First Ser-
geant ; promoted to Second Lieutenant, March. 24, 1862 ; mor-
tally wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; promoted to
First Lieutenant, June 21, 1862.
Lieutenant Peter Bunker entered service as Corporal in Co. E ;
promoted to Sergeant, March 24, 1863 ; reenlisted, March 14,
1864; promoted to First Lien tenant of Co. G, Dec. 31, 1864;
taken prisoner at Hatcher's Bun, Va., April 1, 1865,
Lieutenant William P. PI aisled entered service as Sergeant in
Co. K; promoted to First Sergeant, May 20, 1862; to Second
Lieutenant of Co. G-, June 2, 1862.
Lieutenant Robert Brady served in the Mexican War. He
entered service as First Sergeant of Co. D ; taken prisoner at Fair
Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862 ; confined in Libby Prison (Richmond,
Va*), at Salisbury, 2\. C, and at Belle Isle in the James River
opposite Richmond ; exchanged November, 1862 ; promoted to
Second Lieutenant of Co. B, Oct. L 1802 ; transferred to Co. G,
Nov. 19, 186'-? ; resigned on account of impaired health. Died at
Enfield, Me.
Lieutenant George Payne served in the Florida and Mexican
Wars, and entered the Eleventh as Sergeant in Co. B ; transferred
to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1802 ; was one of the detachment, under Lieu-
tenant Sellmer, that manned the "Swamp Angel" and other bat-
teries on Mortis Island, S. C, and received the " Gillmore Medal ,?
for "'gallant and meritorious services" at the Swamp Angel .
Battery the night of Aug. 23, 1863; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864;
promoted to Eirst Sergeant, July 1, 1864: severely wounded at
Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1804 ; very severely wounded at
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
403
Darbytown Road, Ya., Oct. 13, 1864. ; promoted to Second Lieu-
tenant, Doc. 31, 1861 ; commanded the Brigade Sharpshooters In
the spring campaign of 1805 ; wounded at Fort Gregg, Ya., April
2, 1865, while leading the charge on that fort. Commissioned
First Lieutenant, Oct. 30, 1805, but not mustered. Died at East
Newport, Me.
First Sergeant James A. Morris entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, March %%, 1802 ; to First Sergeant, May 31,
1S62. Died at South West Harbor, Me.
First Sergeant Thomas T. Tabor entered service as private in
Co. F ; transferred to Co, B, December, 1861 : promoted to Cor-
poral, May 12, 1803 ; taken prisoner at Savage Station, Ya., Juno
29, 1862 ; transferred to Co. G, Oct. 1, 1802 ; reenlisted Jan. 1,
1864; promoted to Sergeant, July 30, 18 o4; to First Sergeant,
Jan. 1, 1805 ; wounded at Appomattox, Ya., April 9, 1805 ; com-
missioned Second Lieutenant, Oct. 30, 1805, bat not mustered.
Sergeant Rufus II. Wingate, after leaving the Eleventh, reen-
listed in First D. C. Cavalry, Feb. 9, 1801: ; transferred to Co. M,
1st Me. Cavalry ; wounded, and died of wounds.
Sergeant. Caleb Philbrick died at Lowell, Mass.
Sergeant James IT. Abbott entered service as Corporal ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, May 16, 1802. After being discharged he
died at Baltimore, Md., without reaching his home.
Sergeant Daniel Burges-; entered service as private in Co. B:
promoted to Corporal and Sergeant; transferred to Co. G, Sept.
1, 1802. He reenlisted Jan. 4, 180-1. He was killed by a logroll-
ing over him at Williamsburg, Pa.
Sergeant Stephen 11. Emerson entered service as Corporal in Co.
B ; promoted to Sergeant ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ;.
reenlisted Jan. 1, 1804.
Sergeant Henry B. Rogers entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 12, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Oct. 19, 1863 ; reenlisted
Jan. 4, 1801 ; wounded at Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 10, 1804 : re-
turned to ranks, Oct. 4, 1S04; appointed Wagoner, May 9, 1865..
Sergeant Albert Five entered service as private in Co. B ; pro-
moted to Corporal ; transferred to Co. G-, Sept. 1, 1865 ; promoted
to Sergeant, July 30, 1861.
Sergeant Horace B. Mills entered service as private in Co. B ;
^
404 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT,
promoted to Corporal ; transferred to Co. Cf, Sept. i, 1862 ; reen-
listed Jan. 1, 1864 ; wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 50,
1SG4 ; promoted to Sergeant, Oct. 4, 1S64 ; taken prisoner at
Hatcher's Pun, Va., April 1, 1865.
Sergeant Tbaddeus S. Wing entered service as private in Co.
B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 18G2 ; promoted to Corporal,
]STov. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864; promoted to Sergeant,
Dec. 1, 18G4. Died at Kennebec, Me.
Sergeant Thomas J. Holmes entered service as private ; reen-
listed Jan. 4, 1SG4 ; promoted to Corporal, April 1, 1SG4 ;
wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 2, ISGi ; promoted to
Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865.
Sergeant Lewis L. Day entered service as private ; reenlisted
Jan. 4, IBM ; promoted to Corporal, May 20, 1S64 ; wounded at
Deep Run, Va., Aug. 1G, 1864; promoted to Sergeant, June 3, 18G5,
Sergeant Luther A. Robbins entered service as private in Co.
B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 18G2 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, 18G4 ; |
promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 18G5 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 8, 1805.
Killed at Boston, Mass., by a pile of lumber falling on him.
Captain Benjamin B. Coombs entered service as private in Co.
B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 18G2 ; reenlisted Jan. 4, J.8G4 ;
promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 186.5 ; to Sergeant, Aug. 8, 1865.
Since leaving the Eleventh, he has served in the National Guard
of the State of "Washington as First Lieutenant and Captain of
...
infantry and is now (1896) serving in a troop of cavalry.
Sergeant George Phillips entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, March 27, 18G5 ; to Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1865.
Corporal Joseph 0. Wentworth died at Franklin, Me.
Corporal Judson Salsbury, after leaving the Eleventh, reen-
listed under the name of Elliott J. Salsbury as Sergeant in Co. 0,
1st .Me. Heavy Artillery, Aug. 21, 1SG2 ; wounded at Spottsyl-
vaiiia, Va,. May 19, 1864; died of wounds at Armory Square
Hospital, Washington, D. C,
Corporal George P. Clark entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Feb. 9, 18G2. e \
Corporal Humphrey S, [Xiggins entered service as private : pro-
moted to Corporal, March 37, 1862. After being discharged he
died at Baltimore, Md., before reaching home.
FEK50NAL SKETCHES. 405
Corporal Charles A. Lincoln entered service as Corporal in Co.
B ; transferred to Co. (4, Sept. 1, 1362.
Corporal Auius W. Briggs entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1862 ; reenlistcd Jan. 1, 1864.
Corporal Charles M. Bunker entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1862,
Corporal Josiah L. Bennett entered service as private in Co. B ;
transferred to Co. Gr, Sept. 1, 1862 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec.
25, 1862 ; reenlistcd Jan. 4, 1804; wounded at Beep Bun, Ya.,
Aug. 16, 1.864; again wounded at Newmarket Road, Ya., Oct. ?,
1864,
Corporal Judsoo K. Moon entered service as private ; pro-
mpted to Corporal, Aug. 18, 1863.
Corporal Nathaniel Hooper entered service as private ; wounded
at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 15, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, July
30, 1864. Died at Machias, Me.
Corporal William Shedd entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, July 30, 1864; wounded at Deep Bun, Ya., Aug.
16, IBM.
Corporal Everett B. Small entered service as private ; wounded
at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 26, 1864; promoted to Corporal,
Dec. 1, 1S64.
Corporal Charles W. Boyal entered service as private ; reen-
Hsted dan. 8, 1861 ; wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July 26,
1864; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864.
Corporal Charles B. Chandler entered service as private; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1865.
Corporal Charles F. Campbell entered service as private in Co.
B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlistcd Jan. 1, 1864 ;
wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14, 1864; promoted to Cor-
poral, May i 1, 1865.
Corporal Warren Hooker entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, July 1, 1865.
Corporal Lewis Green entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, July 1, ls;65. Died at Bangor, Me.
Corporal Orison B. Lisherness entered service as private : pro-
snoted to Corporal, July 1, 1865. Died at Vassalboro, Me.
406
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Corporal Edward Bowman entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, July 25, 1865.
Corporal Wallace C. Young entered service as private ; reen-
listed, Jan. 1, ISG-i ; promoted to Corporal, Aug. 1, I860. Died
at Bluehill, Me.
Armis, Alviu EL, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co.
G, Sep:, 1, 1862.
Amiis, Truman W., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1802.
Bennett, Samuel F., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to
Co. G-, Sept. 1, 1862; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864.
Black well., Leonard. F.-, wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug.
14, 18G4; taken prisoner at Hatcher's Run, Ya., April 1, 1865.
Died at Berry's Mills, Me.
Brown, Ephraim, died at Machias, Me.
Bunker, Charles F., wounded at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, 1862.
Butler, Augustus J., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. A, 1st Me. Veteran Infantry, Jan. 18, 1864; wounded May
G, 1804; transferred to Co. F : died in service.
Came, James, died at Iowa Falls, Iowa.
Campbell, Xerxes 0., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to
Co. G, Sept, 1, 1862. After leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. G-, 32d Mo. Infantry ; taken prisoner and died in rebel prison.
Cash, William B., died at Ellsworth, Me.
Chamberlain, Sewall L., entered service in Co. B; transferred
to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862.
Clark, Alamander, died at Lynn, Mass.
Clark, John F., reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864
Coolc, George ^Y^ , attached to V. R. C, Nov. 13, 1803.
Cooper, Henry B., died at, Plymouth, ^c-
Oressey, William T., taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred, Ya.,
June is, 1864 ; died in rebel prison.
Cunningham, Joshua, entered service in Co. B, transferred, to
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1802. Died at Topriritm, Me.
Carrier, Joseph, wounded at Darby town Road; Ya., Out. 13,
18G4.
'personal sketches. 407
Davis, Clinton A., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
B, 16th Me. Infantry, Aug. 31. 1863 ; was taken prisoner and pa- .
ruled ; discharged, May 24 18G5. Died at Galloupe's Island, Mass.
Dcnico, Augustus II., retaliated Jan. 1, 1864 ; wounded at
Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 10, 1864.
Denico, Henry C, reiinlisied Jan. 1, 1864. He received a
furlough of thirty days in the winter of 1865 for his soldierly ap-
pearance and proficiency in drill.
Dcnico, William E., reenlisted Jan. 1, 1861 ; taken prisoner at
Hatcher's linn, Va., April 1, l^Oo. Drowned at Carabastic
Stream, X. H.
"Douglass, Charles A., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July
26, 1SG4.
Doyle, Lyman, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. G,
Sept. 1, 1862.
Ellis, William, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. G,
Sept. 1, 1S62. After leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted in Co. E,
7th Me. Infantry, and served from April 0, 1863, to December,
1663. Died at Sidney, Me.
Erring, William L., entered service in Co, B ; was transferred
to Co. G. Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864.
J
Eenlason, W illiaui M., died at Wesley, Me.
Fish' Charles E., reenlisted Jan, 1, 1861; wounded at Deep
Run, Ya., Aug. 16, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va.,
April 9, 1S65.
Frazier, Aiiira S., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
I), 31 3le. Infantry, Aug. 10, 1863; transferred to Co. E, 17th
Me. Infantry, June 4, 1864; again transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps, Xov. 10, 1861, and mustered out July 21, 1865.
Frazier, Frederick A., wounded at Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 16,
1861.
Garland, Albert,, reenlisted Jan. 1, 1861,
Garland, Kewell, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
C, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Dec. 16, 1S&3 ; wounded at Spottsyl-
vania, Ya., May- 10, 1864 (arm amputated) ; discharged Dec. 3,
1861. Died at Boston, Mass,
Glasstater, Joseph, taken prisoner at Hatcher's Hun, Ya., April
1, 1865, " *
403 THE STOKY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Goodwin, Charles Ik, entered service in Co. B: transferred to
Co. G; Sept. 1, 1862.
Gordon, Seth D., entered service in Co. 15; transferred to Co.
G, Sept, 1, 1802.
Gross, Ruben G., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
H, 10th Me. Infantry, Feb. 8, 1 863; wounded at High Bridge,
Ya., April 7, 1865, and again wounded near Appomattox, Ya.,
April, 1805 ; transferred to Co. H, 1st Me. Heavry Artillery, May
31, 1865, and mustered out with that regiment.
Hamlet, Joseph B., entered serviee in Co. B ; transferred to Co.
G, Sept. 1, 1863.
Hamor, George W., reenlisted Jan. 1, 1804 : taken prisoner at
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June IS, 1864.
Harmon, George, taken prisoner at Charles City Road, Ya. ,
Oct. 27, 1864.; died at Mechanic Falls, Me. ; buried at Harrison,
Me.
Hairiman, Lysan&er W., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted
in Co. M. 2d .Me. Cavalry, Jan. 2, 1801 ; promoted to Corporal
and mustered out, Dee. 0, 1865.
Hazeltine, George "Nk, transferred from Co. G, 6th New Hamp-
shire Infantry, to Co. B ; transferred to Co. G, Sept. 1, 1S02.
Died at Springfield, X. 11.
Higgins. Charles H., died at Trenton, Me.
Higgins, Ileurv II., reenlisted Dee. 21, 1803.
Hinckley, Charles B., died at San Francisco, Cal.
Jaquith, Charles A., entered serviee in Co. B ; transferred to
Co. G. Sept. 1,1802; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1801. Died at Gardiner, Me.
Johnston, Frank, wounded at Strawberry Plains, Va., July 20,
1SC1 • again wounded at Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 10, 1864.
Juhnbton, Joshua R., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. I, 20th Me. Infantry, Dec. 12, 1803, and died of disease at
Semmesport, La.
Jones, Charles II. , entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co.
G, Sept 1, 1802 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1801.
Jordan, Daniel T., died at Mariaville, Me,
Jordan, Eben, 2d, died at Mill Creek Hospital, near Fortress
Monroe, Ya.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 409
Kelley, John T. , entered service in Co. 13 ; transf erred to Co.
G, Sept. 1, 1862.
Martin, Amiable, taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred. Ya.,
June IS, 1804. and died in rebel prison.
McGlinch, Jeremiah, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; resisted Jan. 1, 1864.
Meaner, Abraham, died at Ellsworth Falls, Me.
Munson, Albion K., died at Wesley, Me.
Murray, William X. , wounded at Petersburg, Ya,, April 2, 1865.
Nichols, Francis 0., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted hi
Co. E, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Aug. 8, 1863 ; wounded at Sail-
or's Creek, Va., April 6, 1805 ; discharged June 6, 1SG5. Died at
Hallo well, Me.
Norton, Samuel P., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July
20, 1884; again wounded at Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 10, 1804.
Overlook, Lemuel, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co.
G, Sept. 1, 1802. Died at Herman, Me.
Peacrpteite, George, taken prisoner at Bermuda Hundred, Ya.,
June 18, 18G-1-. Died in rebel prison.
Peck, Henry, wounded at Petersburg, Ya., April 2, 1805.
PettiEgsll, George P., taken prisoner at Savage Station, Ya.,
June 29, 1802. Died in the bands of the enemy.
Peva, William II. , wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 11, 1804.
Potter, Hanson B., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co.
G, Sept. 1,1802.
Presootfc, Charles M., died at Plymouth, Me. ;
Rolfe, Henry S., died at Hudson, Me. I
Salisbury, Benjamin F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted
in Co. D, 31st "Me. Infantry, March 16, 1804 ; promoted to Cor-
poral, and discharged June 10, 1805.
Stinchlield, Frank Ik, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1802; reenlisted Jan. 1, 3S64.
Taggart. Archibald, was wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya.,
July 20, 1804.
Taylor, .lames II.. entered service as Corporal in Co. B : trans-
ferred re Co. G, Sept. 1, 18S2, Died at Soldiers- Home, Grand
Rapids, Mich. *
410 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
Tinney, William, after loavmsr the Eleventh, wont West and
enlisted in the Regular Army and served five years.
Totinan, Herod V., entered service in Co. B ; transferred to
Co. G, Sept. 1, 1802 ; reenlisted Jan. S, 1804.-.
White, Wilbert C, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co,
G, Sept. 1, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864 ; wounded at Deep
Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1S64.
"Wood, Simon, entered service in Co. B ; transferred to Co. G,
Sept. 1, 1SG2; reenlisted Jan. 1, 1864; wounded at Strawberry
Plains, Va., July 26, 1804. He served in the regular army after
the war.
Wooster, Alphens S., reenlisted Jan. 1, 18G4.
COJIPAXY H.
Captain Royal T. Xash, born in Cray, Me., July 3.1, 1821.
His first military experience was in Co. A, Gray Light Infantry,
Maine Militia, in which lie enlisted in 1838. He was commis-
sioned Ensign of the company in 1843, which position he held
until the company was disbanded. He entered the Eleventh as
Captain of Co. H, which he commanded until May 10, 1862,
when sickness compelled him to go north on sick leave. He
recovered sufficiently to start for the front, June 23, 1SG2, but
sickness detained him at Washington, D. C, and when he arrived
at Uic regiment it was at Harrison's Landing, Va. He again
took command of his company, and remained with it until Oct.
11, 1862, when he resigned on account of sickness. After leaving
the Eleventh he reentered service, Jam 9, 1801, as Captain of
Co. K, 30th Me. Infantry. After participating in the Red River
Expedition under General 2\. P. Banks, again compelled to
resign on account of id-health, June 28, 1S64. Died at Xatick,
Mass.
Captain Luther Lawrence entered service as private in Co. E,
1st Me. Infantry, and served from May 3, 1861, to Aug. 5. 1SG1 ;
reenlisted as private in Co. II, Oct. 0, 1861 ; promoted to First
Sergeant, Dee. 26, 18(51 ; to First Lieutenant, Sept. 10, 1S62 ; to
Captain, Oct. 21, 1862. He acted as Post Quartermaster at Fer-
nandina, Fla., from July, 1863, to November, 1863. Mortally
wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 130! ; died of wounds at
Chesapeake Hospital, Fortress Monroe, \u., Sept. 3, 1864. The
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 411
following was written from Headquarters, 3d Brigade., 1st Division,
21th Army Corps, to friends of Captain Lawrence in Maine : e<Me
fell in one of the assaults of the enemy on the Eleventh, while
the regiment was holding the. rebel earthworks, which it had cap-
tured an hour before, lie was at the time in charge of the left
wing of the regiment, assigned to it after Lieutenant-Colonel Hill
was wounded. c Now, boys, steady ! Pick your man !' he said,
to his men as the charging line of rebels ncared the front of- the
regiment. The words were hardly uttered before he was struck
down by a rebel bullet, shot through the chest. Captain Law-
rence won his way to the Captaincy by his zeal and efficiency;,
proving himself one of the very best officers in the regiment. As
Orderly Sergeant, he was intrusted with the command of his
company throughout the Peninsula campaign, and his conduct
was such that his rapid promotion was deemed but a fitting
reward of hi- gallant, and meritorious services. In the campaign
of 1S§3, before Charleston, and the present one before Richmond,
he was a most reliable and trusted, officer, distinguished for his
coolness and bravery in actio!). In the Battle of Bermuda Hun-
dred, June 2, he had command of two companies, the center of
the line, and fought them with admirable skill and effect. Xo
one could have behaved more gallantly. His clothes were
strangely cut up by ballets., and yet he came out unscathed.
Captain Lawrence was a true patriot and gallant soldier. He
expected, as he sometimes said, to give his life in this struggle.
lie had just been home, had seen his friends, and, < Now,' said ne,
"'I ami ready for the campaign.' It was his firm resolve, well
understood, never to turn his back to the traitors. He never did.
When he fell his brave boys gathered around him, lamenting his
fall with many tears. He rebuked them, saying with emphasis :
• It is no wor.se for me to die for my country than any other
man!* The name of Lawrence lias received new luster in the
heroic death of this gallant young officer."
Captain Alberi Maxfield entered service as private in Co. C:
promoted to Commissary Sergeant of the regiment, Jan. 3, 18G3 ;
reenlisted Feb, 2-9, 1804 ; promoted to Sergeant-Major, March 1,
1804 ; to Second Lieutenant of Co. D. May 10, 1864; to First
Lieutenant of Co. I), July IS, 1SC4 ; to Captain of Co. .11, Dec.
17, 1864. Lieutenant -Maxfield commanded Co. 1) from June 2,
1S64. to July 2$, 1864, and from Aug. 29, 1804, to Dec. 21, 1864.
412
THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Slightly woamM at Newmarket Load, Va., Get 7, 1S0L Qwm-
manded the regiment from Nov. 2, 1804, cm-til after the presiden-
tial election, the Eleventh being one of the regiments selected by
Major-Gema-al Benjamin F. Butler to assist in keeping the peace
in New York City during the election. In the campaign in pur-
suit of Lee's army from Petersburg to Appomattox, there being
but one held ollicer on duly with the regiment, lie was assigned
to the command of the left wing ; taken prisoner at Appomattox,
Va., April 0, 1865, went to Annapolis, Md., until declared, ex-
changed, May 1, 1805, when he returned to the regiment ; was a
member of a Court Martial at Headquarters, 1st Division, 24th
Army Corps, while at Ghapin's Farm ; also member of a Court
Martial at tho Camp of the 20th New York State Militia in the
summer of 1865. When the regiment was ordered to the North-
eastern District of Virginia, assigned to command the Sub-Dis-
trict of Essex, comprising the counties of Essex, Middlesex, King
and Queen, Richmond, Westmoreland, Lancaster, and Northum-
berland, with headquarters at Tappahannoek, in the County of
Essex, where he remained until ordered, to be mustered out.
Lieutenant Nelson T. Smith entered service as First Lieuten-
ant ; resigned while the regiment was at Harrison's Landing, Ya.
Lieutenant Benjamin P. Dunbar entered service as Sergeant in
Co. F; slightly wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862;
commanded the pioneers that destroyed the railroad bridge
across the ( 'hickahominy the night of June 28, 1SG2 ; promoted
to Second Lieutenant of Co. IT, Nov. 1, 1862 ; to First Lieuten-
ant of Co. H, May 1, 1803. Commanded. Co. II from Feb. 12,
1804, to April 27, 1861, while Captain Lawrence was on furlough.
with the veterans, and from Aug. 17, 1864, to Nov. 2, 1861, when
he left for Maine to be mustered put. Died at .Richmond, Me.
Lieutenant Charles II. Scott, at the breaking out of the war,
was a member of the Portland Light Infantry, having been a
member for many years. He entered service as Corporal in Co.
A, 1st Me. Infantry, May 3, 1861, and was discharged with that
regiment, Aug. 5, 1801 ; reenlisted in Co. F, of the Eleventh, as
Sergeant ; promoted to First Sergeant, Oct. 27, 1803 ; reenlisted
Jan. 15, \;SM ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. F, Dec, 18,
IS01 : to First Lieutenant of Co, II, May 1 1S65. Lieutenant
Scott was many times in command of his company. When the
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 413
regiment was ordered to fee Northeastern District of Virginia he
was assigned to duty aa Rroyost Marshal and Assistant Superin-
tendent of Freedraen for Essex, and King and Queen Counties,
with headquarters at Tappahannock. After the war, appointed
Superintendent of the National Cemetery at Louisville, Ky.,
but bis eyesight failing, he returned to Portland, Me. He was
totally blind for many years prior to his death.
Lieutenant Charles A. Fuller entered sendee as Second Lieuten-
ant ; was on recruiting service in Maine from January, 1862, to
the hitter part of March, 1862, and rejoined the regiment, at
Camp Win field Scott in front of Yorktown, Ya., and was the
only officer with the company from Yorktown to Harrison's
Landing, where he was taken sick and resigned.
Captain James M. Thompson entered service as private in Co.
I, 1st Me. Infantry, May 3, 1861, and was mustered out, Aug. 5,
1861 ; reenlisted as private in Co. H, of the Eleventh ; promoted
to Sergeant, Dec. 26, 1861 ; to First Sergeant, Sept. 19, 1S62 ; to
Second Lien tenant, May 1, 1863; severely wounded in thigh at
Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2, 1864; commissioned First Lieu-
tenant of Co. I, but not mustered, and was mustered out at the
expiration of his term of service. After leaving the Eleventh he
again entered service, March 17, 1865, as Captain of the 18th
unassigned company of infantry, which was assigned as Co. L
12th Me, Infantry, and was mustered out with that regiment at
gWannah, Ga., March 17. I860.
Lieutenant Jerome B. Ireland entered service as private in Co.
B ; promoted to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1863 ; wounded at Deep Run,
Ya., Aug. 10, 1864 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. H,
Jan. 13, I860 ; mortally wounded on the picket line at Hatcher's
Run, \ a., April 1, 1865. Died of wounds at Point of Rocks, Ya.
Lieutenant Josiah F. Jveene entered service as private in Co.
I) ; promoted to Corporal, May 16, 1862, he acted as orderly to
Colonel II. M. riaisteu at the Battle of White Oak Swamp, \Y.,
June 30, 1862, and several times volunteered to advance beyond
the skirmish line to a point where he could observe any attempt
on the part of the enemy to cross the swamp, and for his coolness
and services during the battle he was highly complimented by
Colonel Piaisted ; taken prisoner in Matthews County, Ya., Yov.
24, 1 8 u 2 ; was paroled from I a buy Prison and exchanged ; reen-
414 THE STG-RY OF ONE REGIMENT.
I
listed Jan. 18, 1864 ; wounded severely in left shoulder at Deep
Bottom, Vat. ., Aug. 145 1SG4 ; promoted to Sergeant, Sept. 16,
1864 ; to First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865, and to Second Lieutenant
of Go. H, May 25, 1805, When the regiment was ordered to
the Northeastern District of Virginia, he was assigned to duty as
Provost Marshal and Assistant Superintendent of Jreedmen for
Middlesex County, Va., with headquarters at TJrhana, which
position he held until ordered to he mustered out.
1
First Sergeant Ezra W. Gould entered service as First Sergeant,
when the non-commissioned officers were rearranged by Captain
Nash, Dec. 26, 1861, was made Sergeant, which rank he held
timtil discharged.
First Sergeant Nathan J. Gould entered service as Sergeant ;
promoted to First Sergeant, May 1, 1863 ; slightly wounded at
Drury's Bluir, Va., May 14, 1804 ; severely wounded in right side
at Newmarket Road, Va., Oct. 7, 1864, while commanding a por-
tion of the skirmish line, thrown out to check the rebel advance
on our left Hank ; commissioned Second Lieutenant, June 15,
1864, but not mustered.
First Sergeant Seth A. Bamsdell entered service as private:
promoted to Corporal, Deo. 26, 1861 ; to Sergeant, Sept. 19,
1862 ; reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864 ; wounded at Bermuda Hundred,
Va., May 17, 1864; promoted to First Sergeant, Jan. I, 1865 ;
commissioned Second Lieutenant of Co. D, but not mustered.
Died at Cumberland, Mo. \
i
Sergeant William F. Haskell entered service as Sergeant.
When the non-commissioned officers were rearranged hy Captain
Nash, Dec. 26, 1861, lie was made private. He reenlisted, Jan.
IB, 1864.
Sergeant George E. Morrell entered service as Sergeant. When
the non-commissioned officers were rearranged by Captain Nash,
Dec. 26, 1861, he was made private ; promoted to Corporal, Sept.
19, 1862.
Sergeant Joseph Hams entered service as Sergeant ; the rear-
rangement of the non-commissioned officers by Captain Nash
made him a private ; promoted to Sergeant, Sept. 19, 1862.
Sergeant George W.Smith entered service as Corporal; pro-
moted to Sergeant, Dec, 26, 1861. Alter leaving the Eleventh he
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 415
reenlisted in the 35 Hi New Jersey Infantry (Zouaves), September,
1864 ; wounded ill leg at Kingston, 1ST. 0-, March, 13G5.
Sergeant Albert L. Rankin entered service as Corporal ; the
rearrangement of the non-commissioned officers made Mm a pri-
vate ; promoted to Sergeant, Sept. 19, 1SC2. He was noted as a
sharpshooter and scout. Died at Brown v ilk. Me.
Sergeant William H. Girrell entered service as Corporal ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, May 1, 1864.
Sergeant Charles H. Cummings entered service as private ;
reenlisted Jan. 16, 1864 ; promoted, to Corporal, May 1, 1864. ;
severely wounded in right hip ("ball still in his hip") at "New-
market Road, Va. , Oct. ?, 1SG4 ; promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 1,
1864.
Sergeant Nathan J. Dumphey entered service as private ; reen-
listed Jam 4, 1864 ; promoted to Corpora}^ Dec, 1, 1864 ; to Ser-
geant', Jan. ], 1865.
Sergeant James Lawrence entered service as private ; wounded
at Deep Fun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1,
1864 ; to Sergeant, Jam 1. ISGo ; discharged June 2G, 1B65, for
promotion to Second Lieutenant in Co. C, 6th U. S. Volunteers,
and served with that regiment until Sept. 30, 18G5, when lie was
mustered out at Wilmington, ~M, C.
Sergeant Isaac W. Ward well entered service as private ; wounded
at Deep Fun. Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1,
1865 ; to Sergeant, July 1, 18G5.
Sergeant Joseph F. Stevens entered service as private : reen-
listed Jan. 4, 1864 ; wounded at Deep Bun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864 ;.
promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, July 13, 1865.
Corporal Silas Howard entered service as Corporal, and by the
rearrangement of the non-commissioned officers by Captain .Nash,
Dec. 26, 1861, was made private.
Major Daniel M. Dill entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, Dec. 26, 1861 : taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va.. May
31, ISO;.*, and confined in Libby Prison, in prison, at Salisbury,
N. C, and at Belle Isle in the James Fiver opposite Eichmond •
exchanged Sept. 15, 1SG2. He was promoted to Captain in the
6th Regiment, U. S. Volunteers, Sept, 1, 1863 ; to Major of U. S.
Volunteers by brevet, March 13, 1865 ; mustered out at Wilming-
416. THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
ton, X. 0., Sept. 20, 1865. After leaving service lie studied med-
icine, and graduated at Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1867. Dr. Dill was
coroner in Essex County, X. J., from 1878 to 1881, and was
appointed Examining Surgeon for Pensions, Aug. 10, 1889. ■ j
I
Corporal Augustus T. Thompson entered service as private ;
promoted to Corporal, Sept. 19, 1862 ; on recruiting service in
Maine from Aug. 15, 1863, to July JO, 1864.
-.
Corporal Charles Bodge entered service as private : promoted to
Corporal, Sept. 10, 1802 ; reiurned to ranks at his own request ;
recnlisted Jan. 16, 1S6-1 ; again promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1864.
1
Corporal John S. Fogg entered service as private, and pro-
moted to Corporal, Sept. 19, 1862. After leaving the Eleventh
he reenlisted, March 1, 1805, as First Sergeant of the 18th uuas-
signed Co. of Me. Infantry Vols., which was assigned as Co. I, 12th
Me. Infantry; mustered out with that regiment, March 17, 1866.
1
Corporal John Lary, Jr., entered service as private; promoted
to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1862 ; served on the Color Guard from January,
1803, to the cud of his term of service.
Corporal John F. Wedgewood entered service as private ; recn-
listed Jan. 16, 1864; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1804, and
returned to ranks, Dec. 16, 1865. Died at Princeton, Mille Lacs
Cu., Minn.
jj
Corporal Benjamin F. Dumphcy entered service as private ;
retaliated Jam 4, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865.
Corporal Samuel R. Buker entered service in the 17th II. S.
Infantry, and served three years ; recnlisted as private in Co. II ;
promoted to Corporal ; reiurned to rank's at his own request.
1
Corporal William II. Lord entered service in Co. A. 1st Bat-
talion, 17th IT. S. Infantry, Aug. 8, 1861 ; mustered out at Peters-
burg, Va.j Aug. 7, 1864 ; reenlisted in Co. II ; promoted to
Corporal ; returned to ranks at his own request.
Corporal William Emerson entered service as private ; reenlisted
Jan. 4, 1861; promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1865; returned to
ranks at his own request, Sept. 1, 1865.
Corporal Matthew R. Holt entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 1, 1865. and reduced to ranks, June 23, 1865, by
order from regimental headquarters.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 417
Corporal Leudell R, Newell entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 1, I860.
Corporal Hazen B. Elliott entered service as private; promoted
to Corpora] , July 1, I860.
Corporal Alpha Bilker entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, July 1, 1865.
Corporal Melville Rieker entered service as private ; reenlisted
Jan. 16, 1801 ; promoted to Corporal, July 13, 1885. Served as
Mounted Orderly at brigade headquarters in the enmpaign of 1801.
Corpora] Daniel Donovan entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Sent. 1, 180,5.
Musician John E. McKenney entered service as private ;
appointed Musician, Jan. 1, 1803. After leaving the Eleventh
he reenlisted in the 16th U. S. Infantry and died in service.
Wagoner John T. Milton entered service as private ; appointed
Wagoner, Jrm. 1, 1805.
Berry, Matthew S., served in the Peninsula campaign in the
Pioneer Corps, uncle)- Sergeant Dunbar, which repaired and after-
wards destroyed the railroad bridge over the Chickahoniiny River.
He was detached in the 8th New York Battery, July 15, 1863 ;
reenlisted in the 8th New York Battery in November, 1803 : mus-
tered out at New York City, July 10, 1805.
Briggs, Ellis A., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May IT,
1801- ; taken prisoner at Deep Bun, Va., Aug. 16', 1864 ; died on
flag oi truce boat between Richmond/ Va., and Annapolis, Md.
Buck. Freeman ID, died at Yanoeboro, Me.
Clay, Abijah N., after leaving tire Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
B, -1th Me. Infantry, Aug. 2-1, 1863 ; transferred to Co. B, 19th
Me. Infantry, July, 1803. Killed m action at Ream's Station,
Va., Aug. 20, 1801,
Cotlren, George F., wounded at Newmarket Road, Va., Cct. ?,
1801. • ■
Coffren, Seba F., after leaving the Eleventh, reGnlisted in Co. B.
3d Me. Infantry, Sept. 28, 1863 ; pronxoted to Corporal ; wounded
and taken prisoner at the Wilderness, May 5, 1864 ; died of
wounds, July 11. 1801, in the hands of the enemy at Lynchburg,
Ya. (IFis death not being known, he w:<> reported as transferred
to Co. B, Pith Me., and again to Co, B, 1st Me. H. A.)
41 S THE STOKY OF ONE EKGIVIEXT.
I
Gross, Ruben EL, entered service as private ; appointed Musi-
cian, Feb. II, ISuv, and discharged for disability, &^o. 31, 1862 ;
reenlisted in same company, March 2-1, 1804. Killed in action at
Ke.wmarket Road, Ya., Oct. 7, 1864.
Dill, William II. , wounded and taken prisoner at Fair Oaks,
Ya., May 31, 1862 ; in prison with bis brother, D. M. Dill, until
Sept, 15, 1862. Died at Annapolis, Md.
Dumphey, James E., severely wounded at Bermuda Hundred,
'Ya., May 17, 1861. After leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as
Corporal in Co. B, 8th IT. S, Veteran Infantry Volunteers, e< Han-
cock's Corps," March 27, 1865, and was mustered out April 2, 1866.
Freeborn, Frank K., served as Orderly at Regimental, Brigade,
and Division Headquarters.
Gould, Edward, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
G, 16th Me. Infantry, Dec. 22, 1863 ; killed in action at Spottsyl-
vania, Ya., May 10, 1864.
Gower, Francis S., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co*
K, 12 tb Me. Infantry, March 7, 1865; mustered out with that
regiment at Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1866.
(.Tray, Richard, before entering the Eleventh, served in Co. D,
3d Vermont Infantry, from July 0, 1861, to July 27, 1864;
wounded at Spottsylvania, Ya., May 12, 1864; while in the
Eleventh, wounded at Hatcher's Run, Ya,, March 31, 1365, while
acting as Volunteer Sharpshooter.
Green, William, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2,
1864.
Howard, Albert, served in the Peninsula campaign in the
Pioneer Corps, under Sergeant Dunbar, which repaired, and after-
wards destroyed the railroad bridge over the Chickahominy River.
Hurd, Moses F., discharged for disability, Aug. 3, 1862 ; reen-
listed in same company, Oct. 1, 3 864.
Johnson, George 0., reenlisted Jan. 16, 1861. Died at Corinth,
.Me.
Jones, Albert F., died at Washington, D. C.
Jones, Benjamin, mortally wounded at Hatcher's Ron, Ya., May
31, 1864.
Joss, Joel H. B., died at Mt. Vernon, Me.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 419
Livermore, Llewellyn J., wounded, at Bermuda Hundred, Ya,,
May 3 7, 1SGL
Marsh, James, (real name, Henry Ashton,) served as one of the
Mounted Patrol, while at Fernandina, Fla., and m the .spring-
campaign of 1805 as Brigade Sharpshooter under Lieutenant
Payne. Died at the National Military Home for disabled volun-
teer soldiers.
Marshall, Charles E., wounded at Deep Run., Va., Aug. 1G,
1864; in the campaign of 1865, Brigade Sharpshooter under
Lieu k e n an t P ay n e .
McCloud, Malcolm, died at Charlottetown, Prince Edward's
Island.
MePherson, Thomas, the Blacksmith, cooked for the Co. in the
Peninsula campaign and until the regiment arrived at Fernandina,
Fla., when1 he was detailed as Post Blacksmith : in the winter of
1863—64 he was employed in the boat yard on Morris Island,
S. C. ; he reenlisted Jan. 4, 1864, and the following spring was
detailed as Chief Blacksmith at Division Headquarters, where he
served until after the surrender of Lee's army ; he afterwards
served as Regimental Blacksmith, and in charge of horses and
mules at Tappahannoek, Ya., until mustered out. Died tit Med.-
ford, Me.
Meatier, Joseph, wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July 26,
1SG4 : killed in action at Newmarket Bead, Ya., Oet. 7, 1864.
Moody, G-eorge P., wounded at Deep Ban, Ya., Aug. 1G, 1864.
O'Brien, William, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Ya., April 1),
Post, Dennis, reported himself a deserter from the Navy, and
claimed the pardon offered by the President's proclamation,
March 11, 1865 ; wounded in head and back by a falling tree
v.- bile on duty at Hatcher's Bun, Ya., March oi. 1865. 1
Potter, \\ tlliam, (name, William Pratt,) before entering the
Eleventh, served in the 3d unattached company of Massachusetts
Heavy Artillery, and in the U. S. Navy.
Prescutt, Henry G., wounded at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, 186;?.
Prcsfcott, Simon* discharged for disability, July 14. 1S62 ; reeo-
tisted in same company, Doc. 30, 1863 ; mustered (.rat May 15,
J 805.
-120
THE STDBY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Quirk, John, an assumed name for John D. Quinn. A good
soldier.
Rogers, Charles B., taken prisoner at Savage Station, Va., June
29, 1862; reenlisted Jan. 10, 1801-.; wounded at Newmarket
Road, Va., Oct, 7, 1864. Arm amputated.
Rogers, John, assumed name of William B. Young.
Stetson, Benjamin F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. I, 1st Me. Veteran Infantry, June 21, 1864 ; mustered out
with that regiment, June 28, 1805.
Stevens, Levi, died at Corinth, Ale.
Towle, Seth W., taken prisoner at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31,
1862 ; exchanged, discharged, and died at Baltimore, Mel., on his
way home.
Trepanier, Louis, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9,
1S65.
Whitney, George II., wounded at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16,
1864 ; transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, April 1, 1805.
Winslow, Edward, assumed name for George E. Richardson,
before entering the Eleventh served in the 3d unattached com-
pany of Massachusetts Heavy Artillery and in the U. S. Navy.
Wyman, Charles E., detached on Western gunboats, Feb. 17,
1802 ; served in the Mississippi squadron — on the CuronJeld
when she ran the blockade at Island No. 10, also at the taking of
Memphis, Term., and in the engagement on the Yazoo River
when the Carondcki was destroyed ; discharged by order of the
Secretary of War, Jan. 31,1803. After being discharged, reen-
listed under the name of Charles EL Wyman in Co. G, 8th Me.
Infantry, Nov. 10, 1804, and was discharged Nov. 15, 1805.
-1
COMPAXY I.
Captain John Pomroy resigned while the regiment was at
Washington, I). C.
Captain Simeon II. Merrill, before entering the Eleventh,
served as Corporal in Co. C, 1st Me. infantry, from May 3, 1801,
to Aug. 5, 1801. He entered t)\e Eleventh as Second Lieutenant
of Co. 1 ; promoted to Captain, Jan. 25. 1862 ; commanded a
portion of the picket line ni Fair Oaks; Va . May 31, 1802 ; com-
manded the regiment from Aug. 10, 1864-, to Nov. 2, 180-1. His
PEKSOHAL SKETCHES. 421.
j
history can be best learned by reading the historical sketch of
the regiment.
Captain George S. Scammon entered, service as Captain of the
Stli unaligned Co.,, organized for one year under special au-
thority of the War Department, "July 28, 1864," which was as-
signed to the Eleventh. During 'the summer of 18G5 he served
on v, Court of Claims in Richmond, Ya., and was mustered out at
expiration of his term of service.
Colonel Benjamin B. Foster entered service as Virst Lieutenant
of Co. I. He sends us the following : " Shortly after the arrival
of the Eleventh Maine at .Meridian Hill, near Washington, First
Lieutenant Benjamin Browne Foster, Co. I, was detailed by
Col. W. VY. II. Davis, commanding the brigade, as Aid-de-Camp.
In the spring of 18G2 he was attached to the staff of Maj.-G-en.
Silas Casey, commanding division, as Aid-de-Camp and Acting
Assistant Adjutant-General. He was detailed to duty at the
Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac by llaj.-Gen. Geo. B.
McCleliau, July 7, 1862. He was relieved and ordered to duty
on the staff of Maj.-Gren. John J. Peck, commanding a division
in the Fourth Corps, August 22, 1862. October 7, 1802, he Was
appointed by President Lincoln an Assistant Adjutant-General,
witli the rank of Major. He served with Gen. Peck in Virginia
and North Carolina until April 23, 186-i-, when he was ordered by
the War Department to the staff of Maj.-Gen. Frederic Steele,
commanding Department of Arkansas and Seventh Army Corps.
His resignation was accepted October 8. 1864. In June, 18G8, he
received brevet commissions of Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel.'''
Lieutenant William Brannen entered service as Corporal -, pro-
moted to Sergeant, Jan. 25. 1862, to First Sergeant, June 1, 1802,
and to Firs;. Lieutenant, Dee. 1, 1862. Ho rendered valuable
and ef&cient service in leading scouting parties at Morris Island,
S. C. . and in the creeks among the islands in the vicinity t of
Charleston, S. C. Killed in action while lending a skirmish
line against the enemy at Drury's Bluff, Ya.
Lieutenant Kobert Brady, Jr., entered service as private in Co.
]): mi detached service as Orderly at brigade headquarters from.
Aug. 20, 1802, to starch, 1863 : promoted to Sergeant, Jan. I , 18G3 ;
ivru!i--usd Jan. IS, 1864 : wounded in lefi shoulder at Bermuda
Hundred. Ya., June 2. 1SG-A, but refused to go to the rear to have
422 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
his wound dressed until the fighting was over ; also wounded in
left arm at Johnson's Plantation on the Darbytown Road, Ya.,
Oct. 29, 1804. He was frequently called upon during the cam-
paign of J 8 G T for perilous service, scouting in front of our lines
to obtain information, which service he performed to the satisfac-
tion of the regimental and brigade commanders ; promoted to
First Lieutenant of Co. I, Deo. 18, 1804- ; commanded Co. A from
Feb. 10, 1865, to March 12, 1865, while Captain Bolfe was on fur-
lough ; commanded Co. B during the spring campaign of 1805 :
and commanded Co. 1 from July 1, 1805, until, mustered out.
When (lie regiment was ordered to the ^Northeastern District of
Virginia lie was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal on the staff
of General Harris, and later on" that of General J. A. Hill, and
especially charged with keeping the peace of the city of Fred-
ericksburg, Ya., which duty he performed in an efficient manner.
Lieutenant George H. Stratton entered service as First Ser-
geant, and promoted to Second Lieutenant, Jan, 25, 1802.
Lieutenant George B. Weymouth entered service as Sergeant ;
promoted to First Sergeant, Jan. 25, 3802, and to Second Lieu-
tenant, June 21, 1802 ; .for a time on recruiting service in Maine,
but returned to the regiment and participated in the great cam-
paign of 1804. ; from Aug. 10, 1804, to date of his muster out, was
in command of Co. J, Captain Merrill being in command of the
regiment.
Lieutenant Monroe fhiggett entered service as private in Co. E,
1st Me. Cavalry, Sept, 19, 1801; mustered out, Nov. 25, 1804;
he joined the Eleventh as Second Lieutenant, with the 8th unas-
signed Co. of ."Me. Infantry. He was frequently in command of
companies whose oiiicers were on other duty, and commanded Co.
....
IT in the pursuit of Lee's army from Petersburg to Appomattox.
At Richmond he served as Assistant Provost Marshal of that city,
on the staff of General John W. Turner, until the city government
was turned over to the civil authorities.
First Sergeant Joseph S. Butler entered service as Corporal ;
promoted to Sergeant, May 1, J 802 ; to First Sergeant, Jul}' 1,
1864.
First Sergeant. Anumah Hunter entered service as private in Co.
D ; promoted to Corporal, March 27, 180" ; commended in
orders for volunteering for perilous service in front of the skir-
1
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 423
roish line at Newmarket Road, Ya., Oct. 7, 1864 ; mustered out
at Augusta, Me., Kov. 18, 1S64 ; reenlls.teel as First Sergeant in
Co. I, Dec. 16, 1864 ; taken prisoner at Appomattox, Ya., April
9, 18 05.
First Sergeant Nathaniel R. Robbing served as private in Co. E,
2d Me. Infantry, from May 28, 1861, to June 9, 1863. He joined
the Eleventh as. Sergeant with the 8th unassigned Co. of Me.
Iniantry ; promoted to First Sergeant/ Sept. 1, 1805.
First Sergeant Samuel B. Haskell entered service as private ;
reenlisted Jan. 20, 1864; wounded at Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 16,
1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865; to Sergeant, July 1,
1865 ; to First Sergeant, Dec. 17, 1865.
Serjeant G-eorge Leader entered service as Sergeant ; returned
to ranks, October^ 1863 ; a faithful and efficient soldier. Died at
Houlton, Me.
Sergeant William W. Foster, after leaving the Eleventh, reen-
listed in Co. C, 10th Me. Infantry, Aug. 18, 1863 ; mustered out
May 7, 1865. Died at Boston, Mass.
Sergeant Arthur Yandine entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal Jan. 1. 1862; to Sergeant, June 1, 1862; mortally
wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., June 2, 1861.
Sergeant Charles W. Trott entered service as Corporal ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, May 1, 1862; taken prisoner at Fair Oaks,
Ya., May 31, 1862,
Sergeant David B. Snow entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 1, 1863 : to Sergeant, July 1, 1863 ; wounded
at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., May 17, 1864; mortally wounded at
Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 16, 1864.
Sergeant Marshal B. Stone entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Sept. 10, 1,862: wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya.,
.May 17, 1864 ; promoted to Sergeant, duly 1, 1864.
Sergeant George Cove entered service as private; promoted to
Corporal, June 1, 1862 : to Sergeant. July 1. 1864.
Sergeant John Finnegan entered service as private ; promoted
to Sergeant. Sept. 2, 1864; commissioned Second Lieutenant,
but not mustered. Died at Minneapolis, Minn.
Sergeant John A. Monk entered service as private; reenlisted
March 1, 1864; promoted to Corporal, , 1864; to Sergeant,
424 THE STOKY OF OXE REGIMENT.
Xov. 1, 1804; wounded at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1805, while
carrying the colors of the regiment.
Sergeant Charles E. El well entered service as Sergeant in the
8th nnassigned Co., which was assigned to Co. I ; taken prisoner at
Hatcher's Eun, Va., April 1, 1SG5.
Sergeant Charles Mead entered service as Sergeant in the Sth
nnassigned Co,, and was assigned to Co. I.
Sergeant Albion W. Pendextcr entered service as private; pro-
moted to Corporal, March 1, 1864 ; to Sergeant, April 10, 1865 ;
wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, 1864.
Sergeant William H. Dunham entered service as private; pro-
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865 ; to Sergeant, June 13, 1805;
returned to the ranks, Aug. 20, 1865 ; wounded at Drury's Bluff,
Va., May 1,4, 1864.
Sergeant Alonzo R. Stewart entered service as private ; reen-
listed March 22, 1864; promoted to Corporal, May 25, 1865 ; to
Sergeant, Sept, 1, 1865.
Corporal George W. BnUerfield entered service as Corporal ;
returned to the ranks, March 24, 1862 ; discharged 4>y a judge
of the Supreme Court of Maine, by reason of being a minor and
not having his father's consent.
Corporal John Wilson entered service as Corporal, and returned
to the ranks in 1862 ; wounded at Drury's Bluil, Va., May 14,
1864.
Corporal Weston Bran n en entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, March 25, 1862 ; attached to Veteran Reserve Corps,
Nov. 27, 1863.
Corporal Stephen Brannen entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, March 25, 1862.
Corpora] William II. Decker entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 1, 1862.
Corporal Lewis M. Llbby entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Sept. 10, .1862 ; wounded at Newmarket, Road, Va.,
Oct. 7, J86-L
Corporal Asa S. Gould entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, Oc!. 27, 1SQ2.
FEKriOSAL SKETCHES. 425
Corporal James W. Moody entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, March 1, 1864; mortally wounded at Deep Kim, Va.t
Aug. 3 6, 186-1.
Corporal Charles GL Warren entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 5, 1863.
Corporal Charles Gillpatrick entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864 ; Brigade Sharpshooter under
Lieutenant Payne in the campaign of 1805.
Corporal James A. Clark entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865.
Corporal Isaac H. Peters entered service as private : wounded
at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, May
1, 1S65*
Corporal John O'Connel! entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 1, 1865 ; returned to the ranks, May 26, 1865.
Corporal Joseph Buzzell entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 20, 1865. Died at Cleveland, Oiiio.
Corporal John II, Morris entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 27. 1865.
Corporal James Brown, 2d, entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, June 1, 1865.
Corporal Lorenzo P. MeFarland entered service as private ;
promoted to Corporal, June 13, 1S65.
Corpora] Llewellyn B. Smart entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corpora], June 13, 1S65.
Corporal Mauley Dohle entered service as private; reenlisted
Feb. I€, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, July 13, 1S()5.
Corporal James X. Perkins entered service as private ; reen-
listed Feb. 15, 1S64- ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 1, 1865.
Corpora] Cornelius Sullivan entered service as private; pro-
moted to Corporal, Sept. 1, 1865.
Musician William M. Brick, fitter leaving the Eleventh, reen-
listed in Co. B, 2d Me. Cavalry, as a Bugler, Nov. 30, 1S63 : sub-
sequently detailed in the band of that regiment. Died at
Augusta, Me.
Wagoner Creorge Foster died at Weston, Me.
Aldrich, J. Adelbert, reenlisted Jan. 22, 1861.
426 THE STORY OF ONE REGIMENT.
Arthurs, Asa A., reenlisted Feb, 29, 1S64;; killed by a stray
shot from the enemy, while lying in his teat. I
Arthurs, William, died at Winn, Me.
Butler, Edward, reenlisted Jan. 4, 1804: wounded by a rebel
bullet while lying in his tent, Sept. 22, 1864.
Canning, Patrick If., reenlisted Jan. 11, 1864; wounded at
Deep Run, Ya., Aug. 16, 1864.
■
Olendcunm, David, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. L, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, July 17, 1863, and served with a
detachment of that regiment at Fort Knox, Me.
Comey, barren W., died at Foxboro, Muss.
i
Carson, Charles H., wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July
26, 1804, and at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14, 1864. Died at
Maiden, Mass.
Crockett, William II. , died at Alexander, Me.
Demerritt, Daniel, died at Center Conway, ]Sf. H.
Doble, William, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. A,
30th Me. Infantry, Dec. 2, 1803 ; wounded at Pleasant Hill, La.,
April 9, 1864 : mustered out at Savannah, Ga., July 13, 1865.
Elbridge, Orlando, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
G, 1st Me, Veteran Infantry, June 29, 1863 ; discharged for dis-
ability, Jan. 16, 1865.
Foster, Irving L., died at South Bancroft, Me.
Goolding, Madison M., died at Springfield, -Ale.
Hamblin, Molvhi, died at Bridgtott, Me.
Harthorn, Edward, was wounded at Appomattox, Ya., April
9, 1865. Died at Medford, Me.
Ilibburd, Grin B., wounded at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14,
1861. 1
Unit, Justus E., wounded atDrury's Blutf, Ya., May 13, 1864 ;
al-o wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July 23, 1864.
Kflley, Thomas, wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., May 17.
1861.
Kimball, Isaac, reenlisted July 21, 186-1,
Kinnee, George W., wounded at Dm its Bluff, Ya., May IE
1861. Died at Brookton, Ale.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 427
Knox. John, 2d, died at Conway, X, II.
Leighton, Foster J., reenlisted April 22, 1864,
Lewis, Herbert E., was lost with the bark II. 0. Brook/nan
between New York and Valparaiso.
Manvill, John, died at Lewis-ton, Me.
Marsh, George W. II., died at Williamsport, Pa.
MeFell, Daniel, died at Bangor, Me.
Moody, Morton, reenlisted March 1, 1S64.
Moore, John, was an assumed name for Joseph Bush winger.
Murray, Alexander, died at Orenburg, Me.
Neal, Adam J., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. IT.
16th Me. Infantry, Aug. 14, 1802 ; killed in actional Gettysburg,
Pa., July 1, ISG'J.
Bobbins, Fred J., was wounded at Hatcher's Pun, Va., April 2,
I860,
Sogers, William, reenlisted M.areh 1, 186-1. Died at Water-
ville, Me.
Pyder, Zenas II., died at Hudson, Me.
Shorey, Pufus K., wounded at Deep Pun, Ya., Aug. 16, 1864.
Sleeper. Moses, died at Sherman's Mills, Me.
Springer, George J., died at Danforth, Me.
Stephenson, Hardcastle,, taken prisoner at Hatcher's Pun, Va.,
April 1, J 805.
White, Charles W.., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. K, 1st Me. Veteran Infantry, Dec. 8, 1864, and served with
that regiment until its muster out, June 28, ISvo.
Whitney, John C, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
A, 2d Me. Cavalry, Nov. 30, 1S0:J. Died of disease at Barrancas,
Fla., while in service.
Winn, Francis/ wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya,, June 2,
1804.
Young, George W., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya., May
17, 1801.
428 THE STORY OF OXE KKGIMEXT.
Compaxy K.
Captain Lemuel E. Newcouib entered service as Sergeant in
Co. C ; promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. C, May 31, 1862 ;
to First Lieutenant of Co. Q, May 1, 1§63 ; to Captain of Co. K,
July 20, 1864 ; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862, and at
Bermuda Hundred, V;i., June 2, 1864 While at Fernandina,
Fla., had charge of all ordnance at Fort Clinch, and while at
Morris Island, S. C, had charge of a detail of forty-four men
wlao manned 10-inch siege mortars at Battery Chai field from Xov.
Y, 1803, to Dec. 20, 18C}3 ; a member of a Military Commission
of which Major-General Devenswas president at Fortress Monroe,
Va., in September and October, 1864 ; commanded Co. G from
July 28 to Out. 6, ISG3, and commanded Co. lv from Oct. 25,
■; 186-4, until mustered out.
Captain Ellery I). Perkins was the son of James Perkins, who
served in the war of 1812 as a musician in the 17th 17. S. In- |
fan try. Captain Perkins entered service as private in Co. B ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, Sept. 8, 1862 ; to Commissary Sergeant of the
regiment, March 1, 1864 ; to Second Lieutenant of Co. D, July
19, 1864; to First Lieutenant of Co. D, Dee. IS, 1804 ; to Cap-
tain of Co. K, April 16, 1865. Slightly wounded oy a piece of
shell at Appomattox, Va. , April 9, l$C>6. He acted as Eegi-
menta] Quartermaster from Xov. 1, 1864, to Xov. 30, 1SC4.
Commanded Co. F from Dec. 1, 1864, to Dec. 21, 1864; com-
manded Co. D from Dec. 21, 1864, to February, 1865, and from
March, 1865, to April in, 1865, and commanded Co. K from April
10, 1865, until mustered out. When the regiment was ordered to
the X. E. District of Va, he was assigned io duty as Provost
Marshal and Assistant Superintendent of Freeduien for Rappa-
hannoek County, with headquarters at the village of Washington,
and later appointed Provost Marshal of lite District of X. E. Va.,
on the staff of Brevet Brigadier-General J. A. Hill, with head-
quarters at Fredericksburg, Va., which position he held until
mustered out.
Lieutenant Charles H. Foster entered service as Corporal ;
promoted to Sergeant, May 20, 1SG2 ; to Second Lieutenant, Dee.
1, 1862 ; and to First Lieutenant, May 14. 3864. He served with
Lieutenant Sellmer and a detachment of forty men of the
Eleventh a-' an artillerist on Morris Island, S> C, during the siege
I
PERSONAL SKETCHES.
•42!
of Charleston and Foil Wagiver, manning mortar batteries, and
the famous " Swamp Angel" which threw the first shell into the
city of Charleston. Severely wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va.,
May 17, 1864.
Lieutenant Robert H. Scott entered service as private; taken
prisoner at Williamsburg, Va., Sept. 9, 1862 ; exchanged t tie .same
day ; promoted to Corporal, Oct. 8. 1862 ; reenlisted March 11,
1864 : promoted to Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864 ; to First Lieutenant,
Dec. IS, 1864 ; commanded Co. K from December, 1884, to April
1G; 1865, and Co. B from July 1, 1865, until it was mustered
out. "When the regiment was ordered to the X. E. District of Va.
he was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal and Assistant Super-
intendent of Freednien for King George County, with headquar-
ters at King George 0. H. He was retained in service a short
time after the regiment was mustered out.
Lieutenant Philip II. Andrews entered service as private in new
Co. 13 ; promoted to Corporal, Sept. 20, F802 ; to Sergeant, July
24, 1864; to Second Lieutenant of Co. K, April 17, W>o. On
Aug. 14, 1864, at Deep Bottom', Va., he was excused from duly on.
account of an abscess on his right hand : but hearing that an ad-
vance was ordered, he joined his company at the front, where he
was soon severely wounded in his right foot, He served as Recorder
of a Military Commission and on Other special duty in the summer
of 1865. When the regiment was ordered to the K. E. District
of Va. he was assigned to duty as Provost Marshal and Assistant
S u peri n ten (unit of Freedmen for Prince William County, Va.,
until Dec. 17, 1865, when he was detailed as Acting Adjutant of
the regiment, which position he filled until mustered out ; com-
missioned as First Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster, Oct.
30, i860, but not mustered.
First Sergeant Alphonzo Patten entered service as First Ser-
geant. After leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted as First Sergeant
in Co. G. 2d Me. Cavalry, Nov. 10, 1863 ; returned to the ranks
at his own request, and detailed as acting Hospital Steward of the
82d F. S. I., Sept. 14, iS64, ami was discharged by special order
of War Dq>;., \o. 424. Nov. 30, 1864, to enlist, as Hospital Stew-
ard in the 82d Regiment, XI. S. I., Jan. 1, 1865 ; discharged at
Key West, F!a., Jan 1, L866.
First Sergeant Henry ft. Davis entered service as private; pro-
4o0 THE STORY OF OXE REGIMENT.
moted to Corporal, May 22, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Oct. 8, 1862 ; and
to First Sergeant, May 11. 1864 ; wounded at Johnson's Planta-
tion on the Darbytoun Road, Va., Oct. 29, 1864.
First Sergeant AmosK. Pushaw entered service as private : pro-
moted to Corporal, Nov. 2, 1862 ; to First Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864 ;
wounded at Morris Island, S. 0., Jan. 18, 1864,
1
First Sergeant George P. Blaisdell entered service as private ;
reenlisted March 14, 1864 ; promoted to Sergeant, Dee. 1, 1SG4 ;
to First Sergeant, June 13, 18G5 ; commissioned Second Lieuten-
ant, but not mustered.
Sergeant Horatio Knowles entered service as Sergeant. After
leaving the Eleventh he reenlisted as Corporal in Co. I, 2d Me.
Cavalry, Dec. 21, 1863 ; promoted to Sergeant, to Commissary
Sergeant, and mustered out with his regiment, Dec. 6, 1865.
Sergeant Demetrius Hooper entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, May 20, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Oct, 8, 18C2.
■ -
Sergeant John Howard entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, April 25, 1862 ; to Sergeant, Nov. 24, 1862,; wounded
at Morris Island, S. C, Dec. 8, 1863. Died at Baldwin, Sher-
burne Co., Mich.
Sergeant Andrew P>. Erskine entered, service as private : pro-
moted to Corporal, Oct. 8, 18G2 ; to Sergeant, Nov. 24., 1862 :
wounded at Deep Pun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864.
Sergeant Charles K/ndwles entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, May 20, 1862 ; to Sergeant, March 10, 1863.
Sergeant Cyrus E, Bussej entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Oct. 8, 1SG2 ; to Sergeant, June 30, 1864. Killed
by the accidental discharge of a pistol in his own hands at Camp
Berry, Portland, Me., while on detached service.
Sergeant John P. Buzzell entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Oct. 8, 1862 ; reenlisted Jan. \0, 1864; promoted to
Sergeant, Bee. 1, 1864; wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31,
18G2 ; again wounded at Deep Run, Va.., Aug. 10, 1864.
Sergeant Augustus D. Locke entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1803 : reenlisted Jan. 16, 1804 ; pro-
moted to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1805 ; wounded at Drury's Biuif, Va.,
May 13, 1861, and at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865.
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 431
Sergeant John B. Alden entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, April 30, 1864; to Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1805; wounded
at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 14, 1864.
Sergeant Adalbert P. O-hick entered service as private ; taken
prisoner at Savage Station, Ya., June 29, 1862 ; reiinlisted April
12, 1864; promoted to Corporal, Dee. 1, 1864 ; to Sergeant, June
1, 1865.
- Sergeant Charles-Watson entered service as private; reenlisied
Jan. 16, 1864; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1. 1864; to Sergeant,
June 13, 1865 ; taken prisoner at Williamsburg, Va., Sept. 9,
1862, and exchanged the same a^y. Died at Manistee, Mich.
Sergeant Judson W. Barden entered service as private ; reen-
listed April 14, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864; to
Sergeant, July 6, 1865.
Corporal Daniel D. Noyes was detached for service on Western
gunboats, Feb. 1?, 1862. "
Corporal Charles G. L. Aiken was detached in Signal Corps,
Dec. 29, 1861 ; transferred to V. S. Signal Corps, Sept, 1, 1863,
Corporal Charles B. Abbott entered service as private ; -pro-
moted to Corporal, Aug. 5. 1862. Died in New York City.
Corporal John J. Hill entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, Oct. 8, 1862.
Corporal Josiah "Furbish entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, Oct. 8. 1862; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya.,
June 16, 1864.
Corporal Jotham S. Garnett entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Nov. 9, 1862.
Corporal Lysauder 11. Pusliaw entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Dec. 1, 1861.
Corporal Charles F. Bickford entered service as private ; pro-
moted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865; wounded at Deep Run, Ya.,
Aug. 16, 1861, and at Newmarket Eoad, Ya., Oct, 7, 1864.
Corporal Alvuh 0. Clover entered service as private : promoted
to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865.
Corporal Samuel Buzzell entered service as private; reenlisied
Jan. 16, 1864 ; promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865.
Corporal William H. Opnant entered service as private; pro-
432 THE STOiiY OF ONE BEGIMENT.
mofed to Corporal, June 1, 1861 : wounded at Drury's Bluff, Ya.,
May 13, 1801.
Corporal Fred H. Gorham entered service as private; promoted
to Corporal, June 13, 1865.
Corporal Horace W. Tilclen entered service as private ; promoted
to Corpora], June 13, 1805.
Corporal Michael Madden entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, June 13, 1805.
Corporal George C. Gould entered service as private ; reenlisted
Jan. 1&, 1804 ; taken prisoner at Deep Bottom, Ya., Aug. 3,
1801 ; promoted to Corporal, July 1, 1865.
Corporal George E. Coyie entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, July ], 1805.
Corporal William TVaite entered service as private; promoted
to Corporal, July 1, 1865.
Corporal Frank Smith entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, July C, 1805.
Corporal Augustus Hayes entered service as private ; promoted
to Corporal, July 23, 1865, Died at Marseilles, France.
Corporal James Ilersey entered service as private ; promoted to
Corporal, Oct. 3, 1865.
Abbott, Oscar F., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
E, 3d Me. Infantry, Aug. 13, 1803; transferred to Co. A, 17th
Me. Infantry, June $8, IBffl : again transferred to 1st Me. Heavy
Artillery, June 1, 1805 ; mustered out, June 5, 1865.
Braey, Lewis II., dltjd at Cieninogos, Cuba,
Brown, Luther, reenlisted Jan. 10, 1801 ; wounded at Darby-
town Road, Va., Oct, 13, 1804, Died at Sebec, Me,
Buzzell, George W., before entering the Eleventh, served as
Musician in Co. H, 22d Me. Infantry, from Sept. 10, 1862, to
Aug. 11, J 803.
Gochran, Charles A., taken prisoner at Savage Station. Va.,
dune 20, 1802.
Condon, Franklin "I?\, was lost at sea.
Crocker, George L., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. D, St Ii Me. Infantry, Aug. 13, 18G3 ; discharged for disa-
bility Dec. 1, 1865. Died at Dixinont, Me.
/
-,
I
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 433
Dolan, Thomas, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va,, April 9,
1SG5.
Dyer, Alonzo, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Va., April 9,
1865.
Elwell, Stephen C, died at; Charleston, Me.
Erskinc, Boger A., wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14,
1864.
Erskine, William M., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. B, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, Nov. 21, 1863. Died at Belfast,
Me.
Foss, Daniel W., died at Fort Fairfield, Me.
Garnett, Ellsworth B., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. K, 8th Me. Infantry ; promoted to Corporal ; mustered out
Nov. 16, 18G5.
Gray, Lewis C, wounded at Deep Bun, Va., Aug. 16, 1864.
Griffing, Abner A., the first Color Bearer of the regiment, his
figure and carriage entitling him to the position. He claims that
lie was promised a commission, and the fact that he carried the
colors shows that he had the confidence of those in authoritv.
Hardy, Wallace, died at Montieello, Me.
Harmon, William L., wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Ya.,
June 17, 1864:. Died at Bangor, Me.
KeHey, George S., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted as Cor-
poral in Co. D, 1st D. C. Cavalry, Oct. 15, 1863 ; transferred to
Co. F, 1st Me. Cavalry. Died of wounds, April 20, 1865.
Knowles, John, after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co. D,
1st D. C. Cavalry ; transferred to 1st Me. Cavalry ; promoted to
Corporal and Sergeant. Died April 15, 1865, of wounds received
in action.
Lewis, Jesse, died at Newfane, Vt.
Logan, Jolm, alias Charles C. Goodwin.
Mann, Henry A., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in Co.
A, 2d Me. Cavalry, Nov. 10, 1863. Died of disease at Barrancas,
Fla., Aug. 26, 1861.
Moore, Henry J., taken prisoner at Fair Oaks. Va., May 31,
1862.
23
434
THE STOKY OF OXE REGIMENT.
Morton, Charles E., deserted Oct. IS, 1863, at Augusta, Me.;
returned under the President's proclamation ; was discharged by
order of the War Department.
Murray, William F., died at Yeazie, Me.
Koyes, Harlan P., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
Co. I, 3d Me. Infantry ; transferred to Co. F, rich Me. Infantry ;
again transferred, to Co. F, 1st Me. Heavy Artillery, and mustered
out Sept. 11, 1865. "Died at Ban Claire, Wis.
Pooler, Levi, wounded at Johnson's Plantation on Darby town
Eoad, Ya., Oct. 29, 1861; also wounded at Hatchers Rim, Ya.*
April 1, 1865. • • ,
Powers, Andrew R,, wounded at Hatcher's Fun, Ya., April 1,
18 Go.
Prentiss, Irwin L., wounded at Deep Fun, Ya., Aug. 16, 1864.
Quinn, Franklin A,, reenlisted Jan. 14, 1SG4 ; wounded at
Drury's Bluff, Ya., May 16, 1861. Lost at sea.
Ryan, John, taken prisoner at Appomattox, Ya., April 9, 1865.
Shaw, Edmund 11. , after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted in
the Regular Army and served his term of enlistment.
Smith, Levi G., died at Foxcroft, Me, ; buried at Monson, Me.
Sylvester, Dummer, taken prisoner at Williamsburg, Ya., Sept.
9, 186;' ; exchanged the same day.
Thurston, John W.., transferred to Co. C, 6th Regiment Y. R.
C, Xov. 13, 1863.
Thurston, Stephen, wounded at Strawberry Plains, Ya., July
23, 1861,
Twombley, Albion K. P., after leaving the Eleventh, reenlisted
in Co. B, 2d Me. Cavalry, as Sergeant.
Wentworth, Samuel V., taken prisoner at Williamsburg, Ya.,
Sept. 9, 1862 ; exchanged same day.
Whiteomb, John, Jr., wounded at Fair Oaks, Ye., May 31,
1802. Leg amputated at the time, and a second amputation
undergone June le, 1865.
WMttier, 'Warren L., taken prisoner at Williamsburg, Ya.,
Sept. 9, 1862 ; exchanged the same day. Wounded at Dee]) Fun,
Ya., Awli. 16, 1804
Willey, Daniel E., died at Exeter, Me,
PERSONAL SKETCHES. 435
"Worcester, John Wv after leaving the Eleventh, re-enlisted in
Co. I, 16th Me. Infantry, Aug. 10, 1863 ; transferred to Co. I,
20th Me. Infantry, June 5, 1865 ; mustered out July 16, 1865.
NUJRSES. S
Our history would be incomplete without the names of the
ladies who volunteered to accompany the regiment as nurses.
They are Mrs. Susan Smiley, of North Vassal boro, mother of.
Private Charles E. Smiley, of Co. B, and Miss Mary E. Chamber-
lain, of Enfield, sister of Corporal William II. Chamberlain, of
Co. D. While the regiment was at Washington they were
attached to the regimental and brigade hospitals. They accom-
panied us to Newport News, where the regiment took the field,
after which they were attached to the hospitals around Fortress
Monroe.
Their unselfish devotion to the service of alleviating the suffer-
ings of the sick and wounded, cheering them in their affliction
and nursing them back to health, endeared them to all, and must
forever mark them as noble examples of that true American wom-
anhood which did so much to sustain the army during the entire
period of the war.
After the war Mrs. Smiley married Mr. Daniel Babcoek^ and
now lives at Smith ville, Jefferson Co., N. Y.
Miss Chamberlain married Mr, A. F. Perkins, who served
through the war in the First Minnesota Infantry. She died No-
vember 18, 1803, at St. Cloud, Minn., and was buried with mili-
tary honors.
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